Nutrition in Public Health: Handbook for Developing Programs And Services

by Edelstein, Sari F.

• ISBN13: 9780763783587
• ISBN10: 0763783587
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-10-01
• Publisher: Jones & Bartlett

Summary

Despite a wealth of recent research showing a clear link between health and nutrition, the nation is facing rapidly mounting epidemics of obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. As such, public health leaders and nutritionists are increasingly being challenged to launch programs that guide public behavior and public policy towards healthier eating. Nutrition in Public Health provides the knowledge and tools that nutritionists, community health leaders, and policymakers need to implement effective community nutrition programs and services. The second edition has been thoroughly updated to provide you with the most up-to-date information on assessing community nutrition needs, shaping policies, promoting nutrition, preparing for bioterrorism, mobilizing personnel, and much more. This revision also features more in-depth information, helpful text boxes, relevant appendices, as well as a student and instructor resources such as chapter-by-chapter PowerPoint slides, TestBank, chapter outlines, and weblinks. The importance of nutrition in maintaining good health and preventing disease is more clear than ever before, but translating this knowledge into public health practice remains a huge challenge. Nutrition in Public Health, Second Edition will provide an invaluable guide to those taking on this essential task. --Walter Willet, MD, Chair, Department of Public Health, Harvard University

Table of Contents

Contributors	xi
Foreword	xiii
Teresa T. Fung
Preface What is Public Health Nutrition?	xv
Sari Edelstein
Acknowledgments	xxii
PART I Applying Nutrition in Public Health	1	(80)
Understanding the Role of Nutrition in Public Health Service	3	(14)
Sari Edelstein
Ethics in Public Health Nutrition	4	(3)
The History of Public Health Nutrition	7	(5)
The Changing Population of the 21st Century	12	(2)
The Education of Public Health Practitioners	14	(3)
Applying Nutrition Science to the Public's Health	17	(64)
Carol E. O'Neil
Theresa A. Nicklas
Introduction	17	(2)
Public Health Nutritionists and the Science Behind Them	19	(4)
Nutrition Monitoring	23	(21)
Healthy People 2010	44	(3)
Nutrient Requirements	47	(4)
The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP)	51	(19)
Bringing Nutrition Recommendations to the Public	70	(11)
PART II Assessing and Intervening in the Community's Nutrition Needs	81	(150)
Community Needs Assessment	83	(30)
Elizabeth Metallinos-Katsaras
Community Needs Assessment: Definition and Overview	84	(3)
Steps to Conduct a Community Needs Assessment	87	(20)
Needs Assessment in Practice: Massachusetts WIC Needs Assessment	107	(6)
Reaching Out to Those at Highest Nutritional Risk	113	(26)
Jan Kallio
Rachel Colchamiro
Defining High-Risk Factors	113	(17)
Improving Services to At-Risk Families	130	(9)
Addressing Overweight in Children: A Public Health Perspective	139	(52)
Edna Harris-Davis
Inger Stallmann-Jorgensen
Assessment of Overweight in Children	141	(1)
Overweight in Children in a Public Health Perspective	141	(5)
Environmental Influences on Children Who Are Overweight	146	(1)
Dietary Trends Affecting Overweight Status in Children	147	(10)
Addressing Childhood Obesity/Overweight as a Public Health Nutritionist	157	(7)
Research in the Area of Overweight in Children	164	(2)
Public Health Model and Overweight in Children	166	(6)
Opportunities for Public Health Nutritionists to Intervene and Prevent Overweight in Children	172	(2)
Programs and Resources that Support Evidence-Based Practices in Preventing Overweight in Children	174	(2)
One Community's Experience	176	(2)
Summary	178	(2)
Resources	180	(11)
Intervening to Change the Public's Eating Behavior	191	(40)
Yeemay Su Miller
Current Eating Trends	192	(2)
Obesity in America	194	(2)
Changing Eating Behavior	196	(35)
PART III Shaping the Policies that Affect the Public's Health	231	(62)
Creating Public Policy	233	(20)
Bruce Rengers
Defining Public Policy	233	(1)
Characteristics of Public Policy	234	(2)
U.S. Public Health Policy	236	(4)
Policy Formulation	240	(4)
Policy Creation at the Federal Level	244	(2)
Policy Development at All Levels of Government: Federal, State, and Local	246	(4)
Leadership Roles for Nutritionists	250	(3)
Advocating and Influencing Health and Nutrition Policies	253	(14)
Bruce Rengers
The Importance of Being an Advocate for Public Health and Nutrition	253	(1)
Politics in Policy Development	254	(7)
The Importance of Building an Infrastructure of Support	261	(3)
The Future of Public Health	264	(3)
The Role of the USDA in Public Health Nutrition	267	(26)
Beverly J. McCabe-Sellers
Margaret L. Bogle
Overview of Food, Nutrition, and Consumer Services (FNCS)	268	(6)
Overview of Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)	274	(1)
Overview of Research, Education, and Economics (REE)	274	(11)
History of Nutrition Education in the USDA	285	(8)
PART IV Promoting the Public's Nutritional Health	293	(142)
Growing a Healthier Nation: Maternal, Infant, Child, and Adolescent Nutrition	295	(46)
Shortie McKinney
Beth Leonberg
Bonnie Spear
Healthy People Objectives	296	(2)
Maternal Health	298	(6)
Infancy	304	(6)
Childhood and Adolescence	310	(18)
Public Health Initiatives	328	(4)
Summary	332	(1)
Maternal Child Health Internet Resources	333	(8)
The Importance of Public Health Nutrition Programs in Preventing Disease and Promoting Adult Health	341	(34)
Judith Sharlin
Preventing Disease and Promoting Health	341	(1)
Chronic Diseases: The Leading Causes of Death and Disability	342	(2)
Prevention Strategies	344	(3)
Dietary Guidelines for Disease Prevention	347	(3)
Diet and Health: Nutrition Strategies and Risk Factors	350	(25)
Assuring Nutrition Services for Older Adults	375	(16)
Joseph M. Carlin
An Aging Population	375	(2)
Feeding America's Elderly	377	(4)
Factors that Promote Program Success	381	(2)
Evaluation	383	(3)
Other Nutrition Interventions	386	(1)
The Future	387	(4)
Providing Nutrition Services in Public Health Primary Care	391	(22)
Arlene Spark
Primary Care: Setting, Practice, Providers	391	(3)
Nutrition in Primary Care	394	(8)
Chronic Disease Management and Self-Management	402	(2)
Representative Public Health Nutrition Programs in Primary Care Settings	404	(4)
Recommendations/Conclusions	408	(5)
The Baby Boomers: Identification of Wellness Needs	413	(10)
Stacey Chappa
Shirley Chao
Sari Edelstein
Baby Boomer Demographics and Characteristics	413	(6)
Interventions for Baby Boomers	419	(2)
Recommendations for the Future	421	(2)
Maintaining Nutrition and Food Service Standards in Group Care	423	(12)
Thelma B. Baker
The Role of the Nutritionist	424	(1)
Licensure, Regulation, and Accreditation	425	(5)
The Mission of Food Service	430	(2)
Counseling Clients and Families	432	(1)
What Administrator's and Staff Need to Know	432	(3)
PART V Protecting the Public's Nutritional Health	435	(120)
Safeguarding the Food Supply	437	(54)
Paul N. Taylor
Food Safety Defined	438	(1)
Protecting the Food Supply	439	(5)
Food Safety Laws	444	(6)
Hazards to Food Safety	450	(19)
Food Safety in the 21st Century	469	(22)
Securing Adequate Food for the Public	491	(28)
David H. Holben
Measuring the Food Security Status of the Public	493	(6)
Food Security in the United States	499	(12)
The Impact of Food Insecurity on the Public	511	(1)
Strategies to Assist the Public in Securing Adequate Food	512	(1)
Conclusions	513	(6)
Security of the Food Supply and Bioterrorism Preparedness	519	(36)
Barbara Bruemmer
Food as a Target	520	(4)
Public Health Preparedness for Food Biosecurity	524	(3)
Food Biosecurity Triad: Food Systems Security, Public Health Vanguard, and Consumer Engagement	527	(18)
From Awareness to Security	545	(1)
Terms Relevant to Public Health Preparedness	546	(9)
PART VI Managing the System	555	(76)
Planning and Evaluating Nutrition Services for the Community	557	(26)
Julie M. Moreschi
What is Planning?	557	(1)
Types of Planning	558	(1)
History in Health Education Planning	559	(3)
Planning Models	562	(7)
Program Implementation	569	(2)
Determining Team Membership	571	(1)
Health Program Evaluation	572	(11)
Managing Data	583	(30)
Elizabeth Barden
Data in Program Planning and Needs Assessment	584	(5)
Analysis of Quantitative Data	589	(6)
Data in Program Management and Evaluation	595	(2)
Nutrition Monitoring and Surveillance	597	(6)
Data Compilation	603	(10)
Managing Money	613	(18)
Katherine Cairns
Financing Public Health Nutrition Programs and Services	613	(2)
General Revenue	615	(3)
Third-Party Reimbursement	618	(1)
Preparing Budgets and Determining Program Costs	619	(1)
The Budget Summary	619	(6)
Developing Skills in Grant Writing	625	(2)
Conclusion	627	(4)
PART VII Mobilizing Personnel	631	(84)
Staffing Public Health Nutrition Programs and Services	633	(26)
Cynthia Taft Bayerl
Staffing Trends	634	(3)
Core Functions in Nutrition Service Systems	637	(1)
Core Public Health Functions Interrelated with Essential Public Health Functions	638	(1)
Essential Public Health Services	638	(2)
Nutritionists' Role in Core Functions and Essential Public Health Services	640	(1)
Healthy People 2010 and Leading Health Indicators	641	(1)
Emerging Trends that Impact Staffing	642	(2)
The American Dietetic Association Definition of Nutrition Personnel	644	(2)
Opportunities in Government Employment	646	(6)
Conclusions	652	(7)
Managing Public Health Nutrition Personnel	659	(32)
Esther Okeiyi
The Role of a Public Health Nutrition Director/Manager	660	(31)
Leveraging Nutrition Education through the Public Health Team	691	(24)
Deepa Arora
Why Is Nutrition Important?	691	(1)
Modifying Nutrition-Related Behavior	692	(1)
Definition of Nutrition Education	693	(1)
Impact of Nutrition Education	693	(4)
The Nutrition Education Team	697	(7)
Education Programs	704	(1)
National Initiatives to Promote Nutrition Education	705	(1)
Teamwork	706	(6)
Conclusions	712	(3)
PART VIII Surviving in a Competitive World	715	(204)
Networking for Nutrition	717	(14)
Patti S. Landers
Networks, Alliances, Coalitions, and Consortiums	717	(4)
Collaborating with Others for Nutrition Networks	721	(3)
Developing a Community-Based Nutrition Network	724	(1)
Professional Networking	725	(3)
Conclusions	728	(3)
Marketing Nutrition Programs and Services	731	(26)
Nancie Herbold
Paul N. Taylor
Marketing Defined	731	(3)
Marketing Research	734	(1)
Secondary Data	734	(2)
Primary Data	736	(1)
Market Segmentation	737	(3)
The Social Marketing Mix	740	(10)
Evaluation	750	(1)
Marketing Ethics	751	(6)
Earning Administrative Support	757	(10)
Jeanette Beasley
The Administration's Perspective	758	(1)
Understanding the Agency Vision and Strategic Plan	759	(1)
Synergizing with the Strategic Plan	760	(1)
Partnering to Achieve Shared Goals	761	(1)
Relations with the Policy Board	762	(1)
Communications with Media	762	(2)
Obtaining Financial Support for Nutrition Programs and Initiatives	764	(3)
Striving for Excellence and Envisioning the Future	767	(152)
Marcia Thomas
Pamella Darby
Motivation for Excellence	767	(3)
Education in Public Health and Nutrition	770	(2)
The Importance of Professional Development	772	(4)
Future Challenges in Public Health Nutrition	776	(3)
APPENDICES
Appendix A Public Health Nutrition: A Historical Perspective	779	(16)
Mary C. Egan
Appendix B Position of The American Dietetic Association: Providing Nutrition Services for Infants, Children, and Adults with Developmental Disabilities and Special Health Care Needs	795	(24)
Appendix C Position of The American Dietetic Association: The Role of Dietetics Professionals in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention	819	(20)
Appendix D Guidelines for Community Nutrition Supervised Experiences, 2nd edition	839	(68)
Appendix E Helpful Nutrition Websites	907	(2)
Appendix F State Health Department Websites	909	(2)
Appendix G 2004 Team Nutrition Training Grant Application	911	(6)
Appendix H Learning Activities	917	(2)
Carol E. O'Neil
Theresa A. Nicklas
Index	919