What is included with this book?
Preface | p. xv |
The Author | p. xvii |
Introduction to Offshore Structures | |
Introduction | p. 1 |
History of Offshore Structures | p. 1 |
Overview of Field Development | p. 2 |
Field-Development Cost | p. 4 |
Multicriteria Concept Selection | p. 8 |
Feed Requirements | p. 9 |
Types of Offshore Platforms | p. 10 |
Different Types of Offshore Structures | p. 14 |
Minimal Offshore Structure | p. 19 |
Preview of This Book | p. 20 |
Bibliography | p. 21 |
Offshore Structure Loads and Strength | |
Introduction | p. 23 |
Gravity Loads | p. 23 |
Dead Load | p. 23 |
Live Load | p. 26 |
Impact Load | p. 29 |
Design for Serviceability Limit State | p. 29 |
Helicopter Landing Loads | p. 31 |
Crane Support Structures | p. 38 |
Wind Load | p. 42 |
Stair Design | p. 46 |
Gravity Loads | p. 46 |
Wind Loads | p. 47 |
Offshore Loads | p. 47 |
Wave Load | p. 48 |
Current Force | p. 55 |
Earthquake Load | p. 60 |
Ice Loads | p. 65 |
Other Loads | p. 66 |
Design for Ultimate Limit State (ULS) | p. 67 |
Load Factors | p. 67 |
Extreme Environmental Situation for Fixed Offshore Platforms | p. 68 |
Operating Environmental Situations-Fixed Platforms | p. 69 |
Partial Action Factors for Platform Design | p. 70 |
Collision Events | p. 75 |
Vessel Collision | p. 75 |
Fires and Explosions | p. 76 |
Material Strength | p. 77 |
Steel Groups | p. 77 |
Steel Classes | p. 81 |
References | p. 90 |
Offshore Structure Platform Design | |
Introduction | p. 93 |
Preliminary Dimensions | p. 101 |
Approximate Dimensions | p. 101 |
Bracing System | p. 102 |
Jacket Design | p. 104 |
Structure Analysis | p. 107 |
Global Structure Analysis | p. 108 |
The Loads on Piles | p. 112 |
Modeling Techniques | p. 113 |
Dynamic Structure Analysis | p. 118 |
In-place Analysis According to ISO 19902 | p. 123 |
Cylinder Member Strength | p. 124 |
Cylinder Member Strength Calculation According to ISO 19902 | p. 124 |
Cylinder Member Strength Calculation | p. 134 |
Tubular Joint Design | p. 142 |
Simple Joint Calculation API RP2A (2007) | p. 143 |
Joint Calculation According to API RP2A (2000) | p. 153 |
Fatigue Analysis | p. 156 |
Topside Design | p. 174 |
Grating Design | p. 175 |
Handrails, Walkways, Stairways and Ladders | p. 179 |
Boat Landing Design | p. 180 |
Boat Landing Calculation | p. 182 |
Riser Guard Design | p. 185 |
Boat Landing Design Using the Nonlinear Analysis Method | p. 186 |
Boat Impact Methods | p. 187 |
Tubular Member Denting Analysis | p. 188 |
Riser Guard | p. 192 |
On-Bottom Stability | p. 193 |
Bridges | p. 196 |
Crane Loads | p. 197 |
Lift Installation Loads | p. 197 |
Vortex-Induced Vibrations | p. 199 |
Helideck Design | p. 200 |
Structure Analysis and Design Quality Control | p. 206 |
Bibliography | p. 211 |
Geotechnical Data and Pile Design | |
Introduction | p. 213 |
Investigation Procedure | p. 213 |
Performing an Offshore Investigation | p. 214 |
Drilling Equipment and Method | p. 215 |
Wire-Line Sampling Technique | p. 215 |
Offshore Soil Investigation Problems | p. 216 |
Soil Tests | p. 218 |
In-Situ Testing | p. 221 |
Cone Penetration Test (CPT) | p. 223 |
Field Vane Test | p. 229 |
Soil Properties | p. 231 |
Strength | p. 233 |
Soil Characterization | p. 236 |
Pile Foundations | p. 237 |
Pile Capacity for Axial Loads | p. 239 |
Foundation Size | p. 244 |
Axial Pile Performance | p. 245 |
Pile Capacity Calculation Methods | p. 260 |
Pile Capacity under Cyclic Loadings | p. 266 |
Scour | p. 269 |
Pile Wall Thickness | p. 271 |
Design Pile Stresses | p. 272 |
Stresses Due to Hammer Effect | p. 272 |
Minimum Wall Thickness | p. 275 |
Driving Shoe and Head | p. 276 |
Pile Section Lengths | p. 277 |
Pile Drivability Analysis | p. 278 |
Evaluation of Soil Resistance to Driving (SRD) | p. 278 |
Unit Shaft Resistance and Unit End Bearing for Uncemented Materials | p. 279 |
Upper- and Lower-Bound SRD | p. 279 |
Results of Wave Equation Analyses | p. 281 |
Results of Drivability Calculations | p. 281 |
Recommendations for Pile Installation | p. 281 |
Soil Investigation Report | p. 284 |
Bibliography | p. 287 |
Fabrication and Installation | |
Introduction | p. 293 |
Construction Procedure | p. 293 |
Engineering of Execution | p. 295 |
Fabrication | p. 296 |
Joint Fabrication | p. 302 |
Fabrication Based on ISO | p. 303 |
Jacket Assembly and Erection | p. 316 |
Weight Control | p. 328 |
Weight Calculation | p. 328 |
Loads from Transportation, Launch and Lifting Operations | p. 335 |
Lifting Procedure and Calculations | p. 336 |
Lifting Calculations | p. 337 |
Lifting Structural Calculations | p. 342 |
Lift Point Design | p. 344 |
Clearances | p. 344 |
Lifting Calculation Report | p. 346 |
Load-out Process | p. 355 |
Transportation Process | p. 358 |
Supply Boats | p. 358 |
Anchor-handling Boats | p. 358 |
Towboats | p. 358 |
Towing | p. 359 |
Drilling Vessels | p. 364 |
Crew Boats | p. 364 |
Barges | p. 365 |
Crane Barges | p. 366 |
Offshore Derrick Barges (Fully Revolving) | p. 367 |
Jack-up Construction Barges | p. 368 |
Transportation Loads | p. 370 |
Launching and Upending Forces | p. 372 |
Installation and Pile Handling | p. 376 |
Bibliography | p. 381 |
Corrosion Protection | |
Introduction | p. 383 |
Corrosion in Seawater | p. 385 |
Corrosion of Steel in Seawater | p. 387 |
Choice of System Type | p. 390 |
Geometric Shape | p. 395 |
Coatings and Corrosion Protection of Steel Structures | p. 397 |
Corrosion Stresses Due to the Atmosphere, Water and Soil | p. 401 |
Classification of Environments | p. 402 |
Mechanical, Temperature and Combined Stresses | p. 404 |
Cathodic Protection Design Considerations | p. 406 |
Environmental Parameters | p. 406 |
Design Criteria | p. 407 |
Protective Potentials | p. 408 |
Negative Impact of CP on the Structure Jacket | p. 408 |
Galvanic Anode Materials Performance | p. 410 |
CP Design Parameters | p. 411 |
Design Calculation for CP System | p. 423 |
Design Example | p. 434 |
General Design Considerations | p. 437 |
Anode Manufacture | p. 438 |
Installation of Anodes | p. 439 |
Allowable Tolerance for Anode Dimensions | p. 440 |
Internal and External Inspection | p. 441 |
Bibliography | p. 442 |
Assessment of Existing Structures and Repairs | |
Introduction | p. 445 |
API RP2A: Historical Background | p. 446 |
Environmental Loading Provisions | p. 446 |
Regional Environmental Design Parameters | p. 452 |
Member Resistance Calculation | p. 453 |
Joint Strength Calculation | p. 453 |
Fatigue | p. 454 |
Pile Foundation Design | p. 455 |
Den/HSE Guidance Notes for Fixed Offshore Design | p. 455 |
Environmental Loading Provisions | p. 456 |
Joint Strength Equations | p. 457 |
Fatigue | p. 457 |
Foundations | p. 457 |
Definition of Design Condition | p. 458 |
Currents | p. 458 |
Wind | p. 458 |
Waves | p. 459 |
Deck Air Gap | p. 460 |
Historical Review of Major North Sea Incidents | p. 460 |
Historical Assessment of Environmental Loading Design Practice | p. 461 |
Environmental Parameters for Structure Design | p. 461 |
Fluid Loading Analysis | p. 462 |
Development of API RP2A Member Resistance Equations | p. 463 |
Allowable Stresses for Cylindrical Members | p. 464 |
Axial Tension | p. 464 |
Axial Compression | p. 464 |
Bending | p. 465 |
Shear | p. 466 |
Hydrostatic Pressure | p. 467 |
Combined Axial Tension and Bending | p. 468 |
Combined Axial Compression and Bending | p. 468 |
Combined Axial Tension and Hydrostatic Pressure | p. 469 |
Combined Axial Compression and Hydrostatic Pressure | p. 469 |
AISC Historical Background | p. 471 |
Pile Design Historical Background | p. 471 |
Effects of Changes in Tubular Member Design | p. 475 |
Failure Due to Fire | p. 476 |
Degree of Utilization | p. 478 |
Tension Member Design by EC3 | p. 479 |
Unrestrained Beams | p. 480 |
Example: Strength Design for Steel Beams | p. 482 |
Steel Column: Strength Design | p. 483 |
Case Study: Deck Fire | p. 485 |
Case Study: Platform Failure | p. 490 |
Strength Reduction | p. 492 |
Environmental Load Effect | p. 493 |
Structure Assessment | p. 493 |
Assessment of Platform | p. 497 |
Nonlinear Structural Analysis in Ultimate Strength Design | p. 503 |
Structural Modeling | p. 507 |
Determining the Probability of Structural Failure | p. 510 |
Offshore Structure Acceptance Criteria | p. 511 |
Reliability Analysis | p. 512 |
Software Requirement | p. 514 |
Case Study: Platform Decommissioning | p. 518 |
Scour Problem | p. 523 |
Offshore Platform Repair | p. 523 |
Deck Repair | p. 523 |
Load Reduction | p. 525 |
Jacket Repair | p. 527 |
Dry Welding | p. 529 |
Example: Platform Underwater Repair | p. 533 |
Example: Platform "Shear Pups" Repair | p. 534 |
Case Study: Underwater Repair for Platform Structure | p. 535 |
Case Study: Platform Underwater Repair | p. 535 |
Clamps | p. 536 |
Example: Drilling Platform Stabilization after Hurricane Lili | p. 541 |
Grouting | p. 542 |
Composite Technology | p. 547 |
Example: Using FRP | p. 549 |
Case Study: Conductor Composite Repair | p. 550 |
Fiberglass Access Decks | p. 550 |
Fiberglass Mud Mats | p. 553 |
Case Study: Repair of the Flare Jacket | p. 554 |
Case Study: Repair of Bearing Support | p. 557 |
Bibliography | p. 559 |
Risk-Based inspection Technique | |
Introduction | p. 563 |
SIM Methodology | p. 564 |
Qualitative Risk Assessment for Fleet Structures | p. 565 |
Likelihood (Probability) Factors | p. 566 |
Consequence Factors | p. 595 |
Overall Risk Ranking | p. 602 |
Underwater Inspection Plan | p. 606 |
Underwater Inspection (According to API SIM 2005) | p. 606 |
Baseline Underwater Inspection | p. 607 |
Routine Underwater Inspection Scope of Work | p. 608 |
Inspection Plan Based on ISO 9000 | p. 609 |
Inspection and Repair Strategy | p. 613 |
Flooded Member Inspection | p. 616 |
Anode Retrofit Maintenance Program | p. 620 |
Assessment Process | p. 620 |
Collecting Data | p. 620 |
Structure Assessment | p. 622 |
Mitigation and Risk Reduction | p. 628 |
Consequence Mitigation | p. 629 |
Reduction of the Probability of Platform Failure | p. 630 |
Occurrence of Member Failures with Time | p. 632 |
Bibliography | p. 633 |
Index | p. 635 |
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