Opengl Programming Guide: The Official Guide to Learning Opengl, Version 1.4

by OpenGL Architecture Review Board; Shreiner, Dave; Woo, Mason; Neider, Jackie; Davis, Tom

• ISBN13: 9780321173485
• ISBN10: 0321173481
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional

Summary

-Fully updated for OpenGL Versions 1.3 and 1.4, with many new example programs and colour slides-Introduces the new shading technologies, including the ARB vertex and fragment program extension-Written under the auspices of the OpenGL Architectural Review Board; the previous edition alone has sold more than 40, 000 copies

Table of Contents

About This Guide	xix
What This Guide Contains	xix
What's New in This Edition	xxii
What You Should Know Before Reading This Guide	xxiii
How to Obtain the Sample Code	xxiv
Nate Robins' OpenGL Tutors	xxv
Errata	xxv
Style Conventions	xxv
Acknowledgments	xxvii
Introduction to OpenGL	1	(26)
What Is OpenGL?	2	(3)
A Smidgen of OpenGL Code	5	(2)
OpenGL Command Syntax	7	(2)
OpenGL as a State Machine	9	(1)
OpenGL Rendering Pipeline	10	(4)
Display Lists	11	(1)
Evaluators	11	(1)
Per-Vertex Operations	12	(1)
Primitive Assembly	12	(1)
Pixel Operations	12	(1)
Texture Assembly	13	(1)
Rasterization	13	(1)
Fragment Operations	13	(1)
OpenGL-Related Libraries	14	(7)
Include Files	15	(1)
GLUT, the OpenGL Utility Toolkit	16	(5)
Animation	21	(6)
The Refresh That Pauses	22	(1)
Motion = Redraw + Swap	23	(4)
State Management and Drawing Geometric Objects	27	(70)
A Drawing Survival Kit	29	(8)
Clearing the Window	30	(2)
Specifying a Color	32	(2)
Forcing Completion of Drawing	34	(2)
Coordinate System Survival Kit	36	(1)
Describing Points, Lines, and Polygons	37	(12)
What Are Points, Lines, and Polygons?	37	(5)
Specifying Vertices	42	(1)
OpenGL Geometric Drawing Primitives	43	(6)
Basic State Management	49	(2)
Displaying Points, Lines, and Polygons	51	(13)
Point Details	51	(1)
Line Details	52	(4)
Polygon Details	56	(8)
Normal Vectors	64	(2)
Vertex Arrays	66	(17)
Step 1: Enabling Arrays	68	(1)
Step 2: Specifying Data for the Arrays	69	(4)
Step 3: Dereferencing and Rendering	73	(7)
Interleaved Arrays	80	(3)
Attribute Groups	83	(3)
Some Hints for Building Polygonal Models of Surfaces	86	(11)
An Example: Building an Icosahedron	88	(9)
Viewing	97	(62)
Overview: The Camera Analogy	100	(11)
A Simple Example: Drawing a Cube	103	(5)
General-Purpose Transformation Commands	108	(3)
Viewing and Modeling Transformations	111	(16)
Thinking about Transformations	111	(3)
Modeling Transformations	114	(6)
Viewing Transformations	120	(7)
Projection Transformatons	127	(6)
Perspective Projection	128	(3)
Orthographic Projection	131	(1)
Viewing Volume Clipping	132	(1)
Viewport Transformation	133	(3)
Defining the Viewport	133	(2)
The Transformed Depth Coordinate	135	(1)
Troubleshooting Transformations	136	(3)
Manipulating the Matrix Stacks	139	(5)
The Modelview Matrix Stack	143	(1)
The Projection Matrix Stack	143	(1)
Additional Clipping Planes	144	(3)
Examples of Composing Several Transformations	147	(8)
Building a Solar System	148	(3)
Building an Articulated Robot Arm	151	(4)
Reversing or Mimicking Transformations	155	(4)
Color	159	(18)
Color Perception	160	(2)
Computer Color	162	(2)
RGBA versus Color-Index Mode	164	(6)
RGBA Display Mode	165	(2)
Color-Index Display Mode	167	(2)
Choosing between RGBA and Color-Index Mode	169	(1)
Changing between Display Modes	170	(1)
Specifying a Color and a Shading Model	170	(7)
Specifying a Color in RGBA Mode	171	(1)
Specifying a Color in Color-Index Mode	172	(1)
Specifying a Shading Model	173	(4)
Lighting	177	(46)
A Hidden-Surface Removal Survival Kit	179	(2)
Real-World and OpenGL Lighting	181	(3)
Ambient, Diffuse, Specular, and Emissive Light	182	(1)
Material Colors	183	(1)
RGB Values for Lights and Materials	183	(1)
A Simple Example: Rendering a Lit Sphere	184	(4)
Creating Light Sources	188	(13)
Color	190	(1)
Position and Attenuation	191	(2)
Spotlights	193	(1)
Multiple Lights	194	(1)
Controlling a Light's Position and Direction	195	(6)
Selecting a Lighting Model	201	(4)
Global Ambient Light	202	(1)
Local or Infinite Viewpoint	203	(1)
Two-Sided Lighting	203	(1)
Secondary Specular Color	204	(1)
Enabling Lighting	205	(1)
Defining Material Properties	205	(9)
Diffuse and Ambient Reflection	207	(1)
Specular Reflection	208	(1)
Emission	208	(1)
Changing Material Properties	209	(2)
Color Material Mode	211	(3)
The Mathematics of Lighting	214	(6)
Material Emission	215	(1)
Scaled Global Ambient Light	216	(1)
Contributions from Light Sources	216	(2)
Putting It All Together	218	(1)
Secondary Specular Color	219	(1)
Lighting in Color-Index Mode	220	(3)
The Mathematics of Color-Index Mode Lighting	221	(2)
Blending, Antialiasing, Fog, and Polygon Offset	223	(48)
Blending	225	(16)
The Source and Destination Factors	226	(3)
Enabling Blending	229	(1)
Combining Pixels Using Blending Equations	229	(3)
Sample Uses of Blending	232	(2)
A Blending Example	234	(3)
Three-Dimensional Blending with the Depth Buffer	237	(4)
Antialiasing	241	(14)
Antialiasing Points or Lines	243	(6)
Antialiasing Geometric Primitives with Multisampling	249	(4)
Antialiasing Polygons	253	(2)
Fog	255	(10)
Using Fog	255	(3)
Fog Equations	258	(7)
Point Parameters	265	(3)
Polygon Offset	268	(3)
Display Lists	271	(24)
Why Use Display Lists?	272	(1)
An Example of Using a Display List	273	(3)
Display List Design Philosophy	276	(3)
Creating and Executing a Display List	279	(7)
Naming and Creating a Display List	280	(1)
What's Stored in a Display List?	281	(2)
Executing a Display List	283	(1)
Hierarchical Display Lists	284	(1)
Managing Display List Indices	285	(1)
Executing Multiple Display Lists	286	(6)
Managing State Variables with Display Lists	292	(3)
Encapsulating Mode Changes	293	(2)
Drawing Pixels, Bitmaps, Fonts, and Images	295	(64)
Bitmaps and Fonts	297	(9)
The Current Raster Position	299	(1)
Drawing the Bitmap	300	(2)
Choosing a Color for the Bitmap	302	(1)
Fonts and Display Lists	303	(1)
Defining and Using a Complete Font	304	(2)
Images	306	(9)
Reading, Writing, and Copying Pixel Data	307	(8)
Imaging Pipeline	315	(16)
Pixel Packing and Unpacking	318	(1)
Controlling Pixel-Storage Modes	319	(5)
Pixel-Transfer Operations	324	(3)
Pixel Mapping	327	(1)
Magnifying, Reducing, or Flipping an Image	328	(3)
Reading and Drawing Pixel Rectangles	331	(4)
The Pixel Rectangle Drawing Process	332	(3)
Tips for Improving Pixel Drawing Rates	335	(1)
Imaging Subset	336	(23)
Color Tables	338	(5)
Convolutions	343	(8)
Color Matrix	351	(2)
Histogram	353	(3)
Minmax	356	(3)
Texture Mapping	359	(92)
An Overview and an Example	364	(5)
Steps in Texture Mapping	365	(1)
A Sample Program	366	(3)
Sepcifying the Texture	369	(31)
Texture Proxy	374	(2)
Replacing All or Part of a Texture Image	376	(3)
One-Dimensional Textures	379	(2)
Three-Dimensional Textures	381	(5)
Compressed Texture Images	386	(3)
Using a Texture's Borders	389	(1)
Mipmaps: Multiple Levels of Detail	389	(11)
Filtering	400	(3)
Texture Objects	403	(7)
Naming a Texture Object	404	(1)
Creating and Using Texture Objects	404	(3)
Cleaning Up Texture Objects	407	(1)
A Working Set of Resident Textures	408	(2)
Texture Functions	410	(4)
Assigning Texture Coordinates	414	(8)
Computing Appropriate Texture Coordinates	415	(2)
Repeating and Clamping Textures	417	(5)
Automatic Texture-Coordinate Generation	422	(10)
Creating Contours	423	(5)
Sphere Map	428	(2)
Cube Map Textures	430	(2)
Multitexturing	432	(5)
Texture Combiner Functions	437	(6)
The Interpolation Combiner Function	442	(1)
Applying Secondary Color after Texturing	443	(1)
Secondary Color When Lighting Is Disabled	444	(1)
Secondary Specular Color When Lighting Is Enabled	444	(1)
The Texture Matrix Stack	444	(2)
Depth Textures	446	(5)
Creating a Shadow Map	447	(1)
Generating Texture Coordinates and Rendering	448	(3)
The Framebuffer	451	(36)
Buffers and Their Uses	454	(7)
Color Buffers	455	(1)
Clearing Buffers	456	(1)
Selecting Color Buffers for Writing and Reading	457	(2)
Masking Buffers	459	(2)
Testing and Operating on Fragments	461	(12)
Scissor Test	462	(1)
Alpha Test	462	(2)
Stencil Test	464	(5)
Depth Test	469	(1)
Blending, Dithering, and Logical Operations	470	(3)
The Accumulation Buffer	473	(14)
Scene Antialiasing	474	(6)
Motion Blur	480	(1)
Depth of Field	481	(4)
Soft Shadows	485	(1)
Jittering	486	(1)
Tessellators and Quadrics	487	(28)
Polygon Tessellation	488	(17)
Creating a Tessellation Object	490	(1)
Tessellation Callback Routines	490	(5)
Tessellation Properties	495	(5)
Polygon Definition	500	(3)
Deleting a Tessellation Object	503	(1)
Tessellation Performance Tips	503	(1)
Describing GLU Errors	504	(1)
Backward Compatibility	504	(1)
Quadrics: Rendering Spheres, Cylinders, and Disks	505	(10)
Managing Quadrics Objects	506	(1)
Controlling Quadrics Attributes	507	(2)
Quadrics Primitives	509	(6)
Evaluators and NURBS	515	(36)
Prerequisites	517	(1)
Evaluators	518	(14)
One-Dimensional Evaluators	518	(6)
Two-Dimensional Evaluators	524	(6)
Using Evaluators for Textures	530	(2)
The GLU NURBS Interface	532	(19)
A Simple NURBS Example	532	(5)
Managing a NURBS Object	537	(4)
Creating a NURBS Curve or Surface	541	(6)
Trimming a NURBS Surface	547	(4)
Selection and Feedback	551	(30)
Selection	552	(21)
The Basic Steps	553	(1)
Creating the Name Stack	554	(2)
The Hit Record	556	(1)
A Selection Example	557	(3)
Picking	560	(11)
Hints for Writing a Program That Uses Selection	571	(2)
Feedback	573	(8)
The Feedback Array	575	(1)
Using Markers in Feedback Mode	576	(1)
A Feedback Example	576	(5)
Now That You Know	581	(32)
Error Handling	583	(2)
Which Version Am I Using?	585	(2)
Utility Library Version	586	(1)
Window System Extension Versions	587	(1)
Extensions to the Standard	587	(3)
Extensions to the Standard for Microsoft Windows (WGL)	589	(1)
Cheesy Translucency	590	(1)
An Easy Fade Effect	590	(2)
Object Selection Using the Back Buffer	592	(1)
Cheap Image Transformation	593	(1)
Displaying Layers	594	(1)
Antialiased Characters	595	(3)
Drawing Round Points	598	(1)
Interpolating Images	598	(1)
Making Decals	598	(2)
Drawing Filled, Concave Polygons Using the Stencil Buffer	600	(1)
Finding Interference Regions	601	(2)
Shadows	603	(1)
Hidden-Line Removal	604	(2)
Hidden-Line Removal with Polygon Offset	604	(1)
Hidden-Line Removal with the Stencil Buffer	605	(1)
Texture Mapping Applications	606	(1)
Drawing Depth-Buffered Images	607	(1)
Dirichlet Domains	608	(1)
Life in the Stencil Buffer	609	(2)
Alternative Uses for glDrawPixels() and glCopyPixels()	611	(2)
A. Order of Operations	613	(6)
Overview	614	(1)
Geometric Operations	615	(1)
Per-Vertex Operations	615	(1)
Primitive Assembly	616	(1)
Pixel Operations	616	(1)
Texture Memory	617	(1)
Fragment Operations	617	(1)
Odds and Ends	618	(1)
B. State Variables	619	(40)
The Query Commands	620	(1)
OpenGL State Variables	621	(38)
Current Values and Associated Data	623	(1)
Vertex Array	624	(4)
Transformation	628	(2)
Coloring	630	(1)
Lighting	631	(2)
Rasterization	633	(2)
Multisampling	635	(1)
Texturing	636	(6)
Pixel Operations	642	(2)
Framebuffer Control	644	(1)
Pixels	645	(6)
Evaluators	651	(1)
Hints	652	(1)
Implementation-Dependent Values	653	(4)
Implementation-Dependent Pixel Depths	657	(1)
Miscellaneous	657	(2)
C. OpenGL and Window Systems	659	(24)
Accessing New OpenGL Functions	660	(1)
GLX: OpenGL Extension for the X Window System	661	(7)
Initialization	662	(1)
Controlling Rendering	663	(2)
GLX Prototypes	665	(3)
AGL: OpenGL Extensions for the Apple Macintosh	668	(6)
Initialization	669	(1)
Rendering and Contexts	669	(1)
Managing an OpenGL Rendering Context	669	(1)
On-Screen Rendering	670	(1)
Off-Screen Rendering	670	(1)
Full-Screen Rendering	670	(1)
Swapping Buffers	670	(1)
Updating the Rendering Buffers	670	(1)
Using an Apple Macintosh Font	671	(1)
Error Handling	671	(1)
AGL Prototypes	671	(3)
PGL: OpenGL Extension for IBM OS/2 Warp	674	(3)
Initialization	674	(1)
Controlling Rendering	674	(2)
PGL Prototypes	676	(1)
WGL: OpenGL Extension for Microsoft
Windows 95/98/NT/ME/2000/XP	677	(6)
Initialization	678	(1)
Controlling Rendering	678	(2)
WGL Prototypes	680	(3)
D. Basics of GLUT: The OpenGL Utility Toolkit	683	(8)
Initializing and Creating a Window	684	(1)
Handling Window and Input Events	685	(2)
Loading the Color Map	687	(1)
Initializing and Drawing Three-Dimensional Objects	687	(2)
Managing a Background Process	689	(1)
Running the Program	689	(2)
E. Calculating Normal Vectors	691	(6)
Finding Normals for Analytic Surfaces	693	(2)
Finding Normals from Polygonal Data	695	(2)
F. Homogeneous Coordinates and Transformation Matrices	697	(6)
Homogeneous Coordinates	698	(1)
Transforming Vertices	698	(1)
Transforming Normals	699	(1)
Transformation Matrices	699	(4)
Translation	700	(1)
Scaling	700	(1)
Rotation	700	(1)
Perspective Projection	701	(1)
Orthographic Projection	702	(1)
G. Programming Tips	703	(6)
OpenGL Correctness Tips	704	(2)
OpenGL Performance Tips	706	(2)
GLX Tips	708	(1)
H. OpenGL Invariance	709	(4)
Glossary	713	(22)
Index	735