Oral Microbiology at a Glance

by Lamont, Richard J.; Jenkinson, Howard F.

• ISBN13: 9780813828923
• ISBN10: 0813828929
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-03-23
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

Oral Microbiology At A Glance is the new title in the highly popular at a Glance series. It provides a concise and accessible introduction and revision aid. Following the familiar, easy-to-use at a Glance format, each topic is presented as a double-page spread with key facts accompanied by clear diagrams encapsulating essential information.Systematically organized and succinctly delivered, Oral Microbiology At A Glance covers: Oral microbial origins of health or disease Various infections ranging from dental caries, periodontal and endodontic infections to oral mucosal, bone, and systemic infections Local and systemic extensions of oral infections Sterilization, disinfection, infection control methods, and bioterrorismOral Microbiology At A Glance is the ideal companion for students of microbiology, all students of dentistry, and early career clinicians. In addition the text will provide valuable insight for general dental practitioners wanting to update their knowledge of oral microbiology and immunology, as well as dental hygienists, therapists and technicians.

Author Biography

Crispian Scully is Professor of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Microbiology at University of London, Director (Special Projects) at the UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, and Professor of Special Care Dentistry. He also serves as Chair of Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic, Medical and Surgical Sciences and is President-elect of the International Academy of Oral Oncology (IAOO). He is Visiting Professor at the Universities of Bristol, Edinburgh and Helsinki.
Oslei Paes de Almeida is Professor in the Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, Dental School of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Jose Bagan is Professor of Oral Medicine at Valencia University, Department of Stomatology, University General Hospital, Valencia, Spain.
Pedro Diz Dios is Senior Lecturer in Special Needs Dentistry and Head of Special Needs Dentistry Section within the School of Medicine and Dentistry at Santiago de Compostela University, Spain. Additionally he is Honorary Visiting Professor at UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, University College of London (UK).
Adalberto Mosqueda Taylor is Professor of Oral Pathology and Medicine at the Health Care Department, Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, and Honorary Professor at the National Institute of Cancerology in Mexico City.

Table of Contents

About the authors

Preface

Introduction to oral microbiology

Commensals and pathogens

Oral diseases

In the beginning

The first microbes

Microbial basis of infectious disease

Miller and the chemoparasitic theory of caries

Oral and dental research

Caries as an infectious disease

Dental caries as a transmissible disease

Streptococcus mutans

Mutans group streptococci

Link between S. mutans and dental caries

Immunity to caries

General properties of saliva

Saliva production

Protective role of saliva

Salivary pellicle

Saliva as a nutrient

Salivary mucins and agglutinins

Composition of mucins

Properties of mucins

Bacterial agglutination

Secretory Immunoglobulin A

Production of S-IgA

Functions of S-IgA

Inactivation of salivary defenses

Development of S-IgA

The window of infectivity

Selective IgA deficiency

Anti-microbial properties of saliva

Anti-microbial components in saliva

Innate defences

Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs)

Human AMPs

Microbes in the oral cavity

Primary colonizers

Beneficial effects of bacterial colonizers

Ecological plaque hypothesis

Ecology and disease

Molecular microbial taxonomy

Molecular taxonomy

Discontinuous gradient gel electrophoresis

DNA chips

Systems approaches to oral microbiology

Transcriptomics

Proteomics

Gene ontology

Post-translational networks

Tiled arrays

Oral streptococci

The genus Streptococcus

Viridans streptococci

Lancefield grouping

Relatedness and pathogenicity of streptococci

Microbial adherence

Adherence

Long-range adherence

Specific adhesion

Oral bacterial adhesins and receptors

Complex communities

Inter-microbial reactions

Co-adhesion

Metabolic associations

Antagonism

Biofilms

Biofilm development

Microbial recognition of surfaces and interbacterial communication

The biofilm matrix, resilience and resistance

Bacterial polysaccharides

Extracellular polysaccharide production

Glycosyltransferases and fructosyltransferases

Glucan binding proteins

EPS produced by oral Gram-negatives

Microbiology of caries

Structure of teeth

Dental caries

Types of dental caries

Important bacteria in caries

Emerging and polymicrobial pathogens

Virulence factors of S. mutans

Initial attachment to tooth surfaces

Polysaccharide production

Acid production

Acid tolerance

Biofilm adaptation

Host and environmental factors in caries

Host factors

Dietary factors

Caries risk assessment

Fluoride

Modes of action of fluoride

Strategies for fluoride delivery

Anti-microbial effects of fluoride

Enhancing anti-microbial effects

Anti-caries strategies

Inhibitors

Probiotics

Immunization

Vaccination

Periodontal diseases

Classification of periodontal diseases

Role of plaque bacteria in periodontal diseases

Role of host factors in periodontal diseases

Microorganisms associated with periodontal diseases

Gingivitis

Chronic periodontitis

Localized aggressive periodontitis

Generalized aggressive periodontitis

Color-coded complexes

P. gingivalis, a consensus pathogen

A. actinomycetemcomitans, a pathogen in LAP

Culture independent bacterial detection

Colonization by periodontal bacteria

Adhesion

Periodontal bacterial adhesins

Intracellular invasion

Mechanisms of invasion

Host responses to intracellular bacteria

Virulence factors of periodontal bacteria

Toxins

Proteolytic enzymes

Bacterial components that impact alveolar bone

Other toxic products

The immune response and periodontal bacteria

Importance of neutrophils

Innate immune sensing of periodontal bacteria

Tissue destruction and bone loss

Genetic factors associated with periodontal disease

Relationship between periodontal diseases and systemic health

Pathogenic mechanisms general principles

Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

Adverse pregnancy outcomes

Pulmonary infections

Diabetes

Osteoporosis

Implants and titanium

Osseo-integration

Implant structure

Peri-implantitis

Bacteria associated with peri-implantitis

Asepsis and treatment

Endodontic infections

Dentinal tubules

Bacterial invasion of dentin

Microbiota of endodontic infections

Symptomatic versus asymptomatic

Treatment

Host factors in endodontic infections

Pulpal infections

Periapical abscesses

Repair and angiogenesis

Resistant bacteria

Infective endocarditis

Bacteria in IE

Mechanism of vegetation formation

Bacterial virulence factors

Antibiotics in IE

Oral mucosal, bone and systemic infections

Mucosal infections

Submucosal and bone infections

Oral manifestations of systemic infections

Systemic manifestations of oral infections

Candida albicans and fungal infections

C. albicans

infections

Denture stomatitis

Angular cheilitis

Gingivitis and periodontal disease

Prosthetic implants

Biofilms and antifungal drugs

Oral virology I, herpes, papillomavirus and parvovirus

Herpes viruses

Papillomaviruses

Parvoviruses

Oral virology II, hepatitis and HIV

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Hepatitis D virus (HDV, delta agent)

Other hepatitis viruses

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance

Antibiotics in dentistry

Resistance to anti-microbial agents

Transfer of anti-microbial resistance

Curtailing anti-microbial resistance

Sterilization

Heat

Radiation

Chemicals

Disinfection

Physical

Chemical

Infection control

Prions

Dental unit water lines (DUWL)

Bioterrorism

Anthrax

Botulism

Smallpox

Salmonella

Biological weapons convention

Index

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