Ordered Porous Nanostructures And Applications

by Wehrspohn, Ralf B.

• ISBN13: 9780387235417
• ISBN10: 0387235418
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-03-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Ordered porous nanostructures have emerged in the last ten years in different kinds of materials and with different pore diameters and interpore spacing. This book reviews in the first part which kinds of materials exhibit ordered nanopores and what are the physico-chemical reasons for it. In the second part, this book discusses the possible applications from photonic crystals via high-throughput screening to metallic and polymer-nanowire arrays and their use in the case of ferromagnetic wires as high-density magnetic storage medium. This book reviews the most interesting materials on the market concerning self-ordering, including: macroporous silicon, porous alumina, MCM41 and photonic bandgap materials, which is one of the hottest topics in optics and nano-technology in the last five years, according to Science magazine. In computer applications, these structures enable significantly higher storage densities than are possible with thin film media. Moreover, these structures find uses in template fabrication for nanowire-arrays, high-throughput screening, lab-on-a-chip, ULSI circuitry for trenches and capacitors.

Table of Contents

I. MATERIALS AND PREPARATIONS
CHAPTER 1. Electrochemical Pore Array Fabrication on n-Type Silicon Electrodes	3	(12)
V. Lehmann
1.1 Why the first artificial pore arrays were realized in n-type silicon electrodes	3	(1)
1.2 The physics of pore initiation on silicon electrodes in HF	4	(4)
1.3 The photolithographic pre-structuring process and the anodization set-up	8	(1)
1.4 Limiting factors and design rules for macropore arrays on n-type silicon electrodes	9	(6)
CHAPTER 2. Macropores in p-Type Silicon	15	(22)
J.-N. Chazalviel and F. Ozanam
2.1 Introduction	15	(1)
2.2 Phenomenology	16	(6)
2.3 Theory	22	(6)
2.4 Discussion	28	(4)
2.5 Ordered macropore arrays	32	(1)
2.6 Conclusion	33	(4)
CHAPTER 3. Highly Ordered Nanohole Arrays in Anodic Porous Alumina	37	(20)
Hideki Masuda
3.1 Introduction	37	(1)
3.2 Naturally occurring long-range ordering of the hole configuration of anodic alumina	38	(2)
3.3 Two-step anodization for ordered arrays with straight holes in naturally ordering processes	40	(1)
3.4 Ideally ordered hole array using pretexturing of aluminum	41	(4)
3.5 Self-repair of the hole configuration in anodic porous alumina	45	(1)
3.6 Modification of the shape of hole opening in the anodic porous alumina	46	(2)
3.7 Nanofabrication based on highly ordered anodic alumina	48	(5)
3.8 Conclusion	53	(4)
CHAPTER 4. The Way to Uniformity in Porous III-V Compounds Via Self-Organization and Lithography Patterning	57	(32)
S. Langa, J. Carstensen, M. Christophersen, H. Föll and I.M. Tiginyanu
4.1 Introduction	57	(3)
4.2 Aspects of Chemistry and Electrochemistry of Semiconductors	60	(5)
4.3 Pore morphologies observed in III-V compounds	65	(8)
4.4 Self-organized processes during pore formation in III-V compounds	73	(7)
4.5 Possible applications of III-V porous structures	80	(4)
4.6 Conclusion	84	(5)
CHAPTER 5. Microporous Honeycomb-Structured Polymer Films	89	(20)
L.V. Govor
5.1 Introduction	89	(1)
5.2 Experimental formation of polymer honeycomb structures	90	(2)
5.3 Self-assembled networks of polymers	92	(3)
5.4 Model for the formation of the honeycomb structures in polymer films	95	(8)
5.5 Application of polymer networks	103	(2)
5.6 Conclusion	105	(4)
CHAPTER 6. From Nanosize Silica Spheres to Three-Dimensional Colloidal Crystals	109	(36)
Siegmund Greulich-Weber and Heinrich Marsmann
6.1 Introduction	109	(1)
6.2 Synthesis of colloidal silica nanospheres	110	(9)
6.3 Growth of colloidal crystals	119	(9)
6.4 Three-dimensional periodic nanoporous materials	128	(2)
6.5 Applications	130	(2)
6.6 Concluding remarks	132	(13)
II. APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 7. Macroporous Silicon Photonic Crystals	145	(20)
Ralf B. Wehrspohn, Joerg Schilling
7.1 Introduction	145	(1)
7.2 2D photonic crystals on the basis of macroporous silicon	146	(6)
7.3 Defects in 2D macroporous silicon photonic crystals	152	(4)
7.4 2D photonic crystals in the NIR	156	(2)
7.5 Tunability of Photonic band gaps	158	(1)
7.6 3D photonic crystals on the basis of macroporous silicon	159	(2)
7.7 Summary	161	(4)
CHAPTER 8. High-Density Nickel Nanowire Arrays	165	(20)
Kornelius Nielsch, Riccardo Hertel and Ralf B. Wehrspohn
8.1 Introduction	165	(1)
8.2 Experimental details	166	(3)
8.3 Magnetic properties of nickel nanowire arrays	169	(4)
8.4 Nickel nanowire arrays with 2D single crystalline arrangement	173	(2)
8.5 Micromagnetic modelling	175	(8)
8.6 Conclusion	183	(2)
CHAPTER 9. Porous Silicon for Micromachining	185	(20)
P.J. French and H. Ohji
9.1 Introduction	185	(1)
9.2 Basic process	186	(11)
9.3 Applications	197	(6)
9.4 Conclusions	203	(2)
Index	205