Oregon Archaeology

by Aikens, C. Melvin; Connolly, Thomas J.; Jenkins, Dennis L.

• ISBN13: 9780870716065
• ISBN10: 0870716069
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-10-01
• Publisher: Oregon State Univ Pr

Summary

Archaeological research has revealed much about Oregon's history in the last twenty years. Oregon Archaeologyincorporates this new knowledge, telling the story of Native American cultures in Oregon beginning with the earliest evidence of human occupation about 14,000 years ago and continuing into the nineteenth century. It includes selected studies in contact-historic period archaeology to illustrate aspects of first encounters between Native Americans and newcomers of European and Asian heritage, as well as important trends in the development of modern Oregon. Oregon's early human history is linked to four of the five major cultural regions of western North America: the Great Basin, the Columbia Plateau, the Northwest Coast, and California. Oregon Archaeologyoffers a coherent and unified history of an area that is highly differentiated geographically and culturally. A historical narrative informed by evidence from critical sites, Oregon Archaeologyis enriched with maps, photographs, line drawings, and an extensive bibliography. Oregon Archaeologyis an essential reference for archaeology professionals and students, and also for general readers interested in Oregon's Native American culture and history.

Author Biography

C. Melvin Aikens is Professor of Anthropology, Emeritus, University of Oregon, and a former director of the UO Museum of Natural and Cultural History. He is the author of Archaeology of Oregon and other studies in the prehistory of far western North America, Japan, and Northeast Asia. Thomas J. Connolly is the Director of Research at the UO Museum of Natural and Cultural History. Dennis L. Jenkins is a Senior Research Archaeologist at the UO Museum of Natural and Cultural History. He has directed UO's Northern Great Basin archaeological field school since 1989 and is the author of seven books and numerous articles.

Table of Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments	p. 9
Archaeology, Ethnology, Ecology, and Human History on the Millennial Scale	p. 13
Ethnology and Archaeological Interpretation	p. 14
Environment and Archaeological Interpretation	p. 17
Archaeological Places and Culture Areas in Oregon	p. 23
The Coming of the First Americans	p. 25
Northern Great Basin	p. 30
Environment and Climate	p. 31
Native Peoples	p. 33
Time and Environmental Change	p. 40
Cultural Chronology and Time Markers	p. 42
Time and Culture History	p. 47
Paisley Period (>15,700 to 12,900 Years Ago)	p. 49
Fort Rock Period (12,900 to 9,000 Years Ago)	p. 60
Lunette Lake Period (9,000 to 6,000 Years Ago)	p. 74
Bergen Period (6,000 to 3,000 Years Ago)	p. 80
Boulder Village Period (3,000 Years Ago to Historic Contact)	p. 109
Historic Archaeology	p. 141
Summary	p. 145
Columbia Plateau	p. 149
The Cultural Context	p. 149
The Natural Environment	p. 151
The Missoula Floods Shaped the Human Landscape	p. 152
Pioneer Populations (14,000 to 7,600 Years Ago)	p. 154
Foragers in Transition (7,600 to 3,000 Years Ago)	p. 166
Permanent Settlements and Complex Societies: the Plateau Period (3,000 to 200 Years Ago)	p. 178
Archaeology of the Historic Period	p. 202
Summary	p. 207
Lower Columbia and Oregon Coast	p. 210
The Oregon Coast in Context	p. 211
Oregon and the Northwest Coast Culture Area	p. 212
Geologic History and the Archaeological Record	p. 217
By Land or by Sea? The Coastal Migration Hypothesis	p. 219
Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene (13,000 to 7,500 Years Ago)	p. 221
The Middle Holocene (ca. 7,500 to 3,000 Years Ago)	p. 225
The Late Holocene (After 3,000 Years Ago)	p. 235
Archaeology of the Historic Period	p. 270
Summary	p. 282
The Willamette Valley	p. 284
Physical Setting	p. 284
Cultural Setting	p. 286
Terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene (ca. 13,000 to 7,500 Years Ago)	p. 289
The Middle Holocene (7,500 to 3,000 Years Ago)	p. 295
The Late Holocene (from 3,000 Years Ago to the Contact Era)	p. 300
The Contact Period	p. 313
Archaeology of the Historic Period	p. 315
Urbanization and Industry	p. 321
Summary	p. 325
Southwestern Mountains and Valleys	p. 328
The Cultural Context	p. 329
The Natural Environment	p. 333
Early Holocene/Pre-Mazama Era (13,200 to 7,600 Years Ago)	p. 335
Middle Holocene and Early Late Holocene (7,600 to 1,700 Years Ago)	p. 342
Late Holocene (1,700 to 200 Years Ago)	p. 347
Cultural Continuity and Divergence in the Southwestern Mountains: Borax Lake Pattern, Glade Tradition, Siskiyou Pattern, and Gunther Pattern	p. 376
Archaeology of the Historic Period	p. 377
Summary	p. 387
Oregon Native American Cultural Diversity and Integration with an Epilogue on Cultural Resource Management Archaeology in Oregon	p. 390
Oregon-wide Parallels in Environmental and Cultural History	p. 390
Language History in Aboriginal Oregon: Old Settlers and Later Arrivals	p. 392
Intellectual, Economic, and Spiritual Connections to the Land	p. 397
Cultural Diversity and Social Interaction Among Regional Groups in Native Oregon	p. 398
Aboriginal Trade and Travel Networks	p. 400
Ecological and Sociopolitical Roles of Women	p. 409
Conflict	p. 410
The Euroamerican Taking of Oregon Native Lands: Trade, Disease, Settlers, War, and Treaties	p. 410
Epilogue: Cultural Resource Management Archaeology in Oregon	p. 416
References	p. 419
Index	p. 485
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