Ornamental Horticulture

by Ingels, Jack E.

• ISBN13: 9780766814172
• ISBN10: 0766814173
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-12-20
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This comprehensive book introduces readers to both the art and science of ornamental horticulture. It includes equal coverage of such diverse topics as science, crop production, craftsmanship, and business management skills, and is appropriate for both hobbyists and professionals. Readers gain an appreciation for the value of the diverse segments of ornamental horticulture. In addition, it offers a realistic view of the business skills required to be successful in ornamental horticulture. This unique book provides a well-rounded view of both the art and science of ornamental horticulture to ensure that readers have the creative skills as well as the business skills they need to succeed in this booming industry.

Table of Contents

Key Tables and Figures	xiii
Preface	xv
Acknowledgments	xix
Forward: A Brief History of Ornamental Horticulture	xxi
SECTION I THE SCIENCE OF ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
The Green Plant	2	(18)
The Value of Plants in our Lives	2	(1)
Classifying Plants	3	(1)
Parts of a Plant	4	(3)
The Structure of Plant Parts	7	(4)
Juvenility and Maturity in Plants	11	(1)
Major Plant Processes	11	(2)
What Plants Need for Growth	13	(3)
Summary	16	(4)
The Soil	20	(14)
What is Soil?	20	(1)
Why Soils Differ	21	(1)
Soil Separates and Soil Texture	22	(1)
Soil Nutrients	23	(3)
Soil Structure and Organic Material	26	(1)
Soil Acidity and Alkalinity	26	(2)
Cation Exchange	28	(1)
Fertilizers	29	(2)
Summary	31	(3)
Describing and Identifying Plants	34	(15)
Plant Taxonomy	34	(1)
Horticultural Descriptions of Plants	35	(2)
How Plants are Identified	37	(1)
Visual Descriptions of Plants	38	(8)
The Assimilation of Terminology	46	(1)
Summary	46	(3)
Plant Growth Regulators	49	(9)
Growth Regulators Defined	49	(1)
Types of Growth Regulators	49	(4)
Commercial Growth Regulators	53	(3)
Summary	56	(2)
Plant Reproduction	58	(14)
Plant Reproduction Defined	58	(1)
Sexual and Asexual Reproduction	58	(1)
How Plants are Propagated	59	(6)
Plant Improvement	65	(1)
The Contribution of Gregor Mendel	66	(2)
Summary	68	(4)
Plant Pests and Their Control	72	(36)
Plant Injuries and Their Causes	72	(1)
Insects	73	(5)
Plant Diseases	78	(6)
Symptoms of Injured Plants	84	(2)
Weeds	86	(2)
Other Causes of Injury	88	(1)
The Control of Plant Pests	88	(3)
Pesticides	91	(7)
Biological Control	98	(4)
Summary	102	(6)
SECTION II THE CRAFTS OF ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
Floral Design	108	(28)
The Value of Flowers	108	(1)
Floral Design---Art or Craft?	109	(1)
Materials Needed to Arrange Flowers	109	(2)
Containers for Floral Arrangements	111	(1)
Care of Cut Flowers	112	(1)
Forms of Arrangement Materials	113	(1)
Principles of Floral Design	113	(4)
Patterns of Arrangements	117	(1)
Using Color to Advantage	118	(1)
Wiring Flowers for Design	119	(1)
Making Bows and Puffs	119	(5)
Assembling the Arrangements	124	(8)
Summary	132	(4)
The Interior Use of Plants	136	(17)
Background and Status Update	136	(1)
Uniqueness of Interior Plantscapes	137	(1)
Light and Interior Plantings	137	(7)
The Growing Medium	144	(2)
Watering and Drainage	146	(1)
Other Concerns	147	(2)
The Interdisciplinary Team	149	(1)
The Future	150	(1)
Summary	150	(3)
Landscape Design	153	(48)
The Need for Gardens	153	(1)
Landscaping Today	154	(1)
The Outdoor Room	155	(5)
The Principles of Design	160	(3)
Selecting Plants for Landscapes	163	(14)
Designing Plantings for Landscapes	177	(4)
Enrichment Items	181	(1)
Selecting Construction Materials	182	(1)
Materials and Methods	183	(10)
Creating a Residential Plan	193	(5)
Summary	198	(3)
Installing Landscape Plants	201	(20)
The Importance of Proper Installation	201	(1)
The Necessary Tools	201	(3)
Root Forms of Landscape Plants	204	(1)
The Time to Transplant	204	(1)
Methods of Installation	205	(7)
Installing Bedding Plants, Groundcovers, and Bulbs	212	(2)
Problems of Arid Regions	214	(2)
Planting in the Southeast	216	(1)
Summary	217	(4)
Maintaining Landscape Plants	221	(23)
Sustained Care of Plantings	221	(3)
Pest Control	224	(1)
Pruning Trees and Shrubs	225	(9)
Flower Plantings	234	(3)
Winterizing the Landscape	237	(4)
Summary	241	(3)
Special Training Techniques for Plants	244	(14)
Selecting and Using Vines in the Landscape	244	(1)
Installing and Training Vines	245	(2)
Espaliers	247	(1)
Installing and Training Espaliers	247	(2)
Topiary Pruning	249	(2)
Bonsai Development	251	(5)
Summary	256	(2)
Turf: Selection, Establishment, and Maintenance	258	(24)
The Many Uses of Turfgrass	258	(1)
Comparison of Turfgrasses	259	(2)
Purchasing Grass Seed	261	(6)
Mixtures Versus Single-species Blends	267	(1)
Methods of Installation	267	(1)
Proper Lawn Construction	268	(4)
Calibrating a Spreader	272	(1)
Maintaining an Established Law	272	(7)
Summary	279	(3)
Techniques of Plant Propagation	282	(30)
Science and Craft	282	(1)
The Media for Propagation	282	(1)
The Structures for Propagation	283	(1)
Propagation by Seeds	284	(2)
Propagation by Plugs	286	(1)
Propagation by Cuttings	287	(5)
Propagation by Grafting	292	(7)
Propagation by Budding	299	(3)
Propagation by Layering	302	(3)
Propagation by Tissue and Organ Culturing	305	(3)
Summary	308	(4)
SECTION III THE PROFESSIONS OF ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
The Floriculture Industry	312	(9)
Careers in Ornamental Horticulture	312	(1)
The Professions of Floriculture	313	(5)
Summary	318	(3)
The Nursery Industry	321	(6)
The Scope of the Business	321	(1)
Different Types of Nurseries	321	(4)
The Link Between the Nursery and Landscape Industries	325	(1)
Summary	325	(2)
The Landscape Industry	327	(9)
The Landscape	327	(1)
Different Types of Landscapers	327	(7)
Educational Requirements	334	(1)
Summary	334	(2)
Specialized and Nontraditional Careers	336	(8)
Choosing or Changing a Career	336	(1)
Part-time Work	336	(1)
Cooperative Extension Specialists	337	(1)
Horticulture Therapists	337	(2)
Arborists and Lawn Care Specialists	339	(2)
Communications	341	(1)
What Else?	341	(1)
Summary	341	(3)
SECTION IV THE PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES OF ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
Greenhouses and Other Growing Structures	344	(16)
The Purpose of Growing Structures	344	(1)
Types of Growing Structures	344	(2)
Materials Used to Cover the Structures	346	(1)
Typical Structural Plans	346	(3)
Heating the Greenhouse	349	(1)
Ventilating and Cooling the Greenhouse	349	(3)
Conserving Energy in Greenhouses	352	(1)
Greenhouse Benches	353	(4)
Summary	357	(3)
Greenhouse Production Techniques	360	(26)
Crop Production Sheduling	360	(1)
Greenhouse Root Media	361	(1)
Pasteurizing the Media	361	(2)
Soil Tests	363	(1)
Greenhouse Containers	364	(2)
Reproduction Methods	366	(1)
Spacing and Labeling a Crop	367	(1)
Watering	368	(3)
Fertilizing	371	(1)
Growth Retardants	372	(1)
Pest Control	372	(4)
Selecting Crops to Grow	376	(1)
Summary	377	(9)
Nursery Production Techniques	386	(20)
Container Versus Field Nurseries	386	(1)
Crop Selection	387	(1)
Determining the Number of Plants to Grow	387	(1)
Media Consideration for Nursery Crops	388	(1)
Layouts for Field Production	389	(2)
Maintaining Nursery Crops	391	(5)
Labeling Nursery Crops	396	(1)
Field Pruning Nursery Stock	397	(2)
Harvesting	399	(2)
Overwintering	401	(1)
Cover Crops and Crop Rotation	402	(1)
Summary	403	(3)
Beginning and Promoting an Ornamental Horticulture Business	406	(20)
Why Have Your Own Business?	406	(1)
Forms of Business Organization	407	(1)
Market Surveys	408	(1)
Sources of Capital	409	(1)
Selecting the Business Site	410	(2)
Using Space Efficiently	412	(1)
Organization Plans	413	(2)
Building the Inventory	415	(1)
Laws and Regulations	415	(3)
Advertising the Business	418	(5)
Summary	423	(3)
Human Relations: Personnel Management and Customer Sales	426	(9)
The Importance of Human Relations	426	(1)
Personnel Management	427	(4)
Matching the Employee With the Job	431	(1)
Customer Relations	431	(2)
Summary	433	(2)
Business Communications	435	(12)
The Purpose of Business Communications	435	(1)
The Technology of Business Communication	435	(1)
Written Communication	436	(6)
Telephone Communication	442	(3)
The Language of Business Communications	445	(1)
Summary	445	(2)
Recordkeeping, Pricing, and Determining Profit	447	(13)
Keeping Business Records	447	(2)
Interpreting Financial Statements	449	(1)
Financial Ratios	450	(1)
Pricing Merchandise and Services	451	(6)
The Mathematics of Profit Calculation	457	(1)
Alternative Pricing Methods	457	(1)
Summary	458	(2)
Ornamental Horticulture in the Age of Technology	460	(12)
Technology is Dynamic	460	(1)
The Benefits and Limitations	460	(7)
Other Uses of Modern Technology	467	(2)
Probabilities and Possibilities for the Future	469	(1)
The Flip Side of Technology	470	(1)
Summary	470	(2)
Total Quality Management	472	(5)
A New Concern for an Old Idea	472	(1)
Quality Defined	473	(1)
Total Quality Management (TQM) Defined	473	(2)
Internal and External Customers	475	(1)
Implementing TQM	475	(1)
Summary	476	(1)
Glossary	477	(12)
Appendix A Professional and Trade Organizations for Horticulture and Related Areas	489	(4)
Appendix B Selected Readings for the Study of Ornamental Horticulture	493	(6)
Index	499