Our Hearts Fell to the Ground Plains Indian Views of How the West Was Lost

by Calloway, Colin G.

• ISBN13: 9780312133542
• ISBN10: 0312133545
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1996-04-15
• Publisher: Bedford/St. Martin's

Summary

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Author Biography

Colin G. Calloway is professor of history and Native American studies at Dartmouth College. Formerly he taught at the University of Wyoming and served as assistant director of the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian at the Newberry Library in Chicago. He is author of The American Revolution in Indian Country (1995), The Western Abenakis of Vermont, 1600-1800 (1990), and Crown and Calumet: British-Indian Relations, 1783-1815 (1987). Calloway has also written articles on the Plains Indian history and edited several collections of documents, including The World Turned Upside Down: Indian Voices from Early America (Bedford, 1994).

Table of Contents

Foreword	iii
Preface	v
List of Illustrations	xiii
Introduction: How the West Was Lost	1	(1)
The Indian Peoples of the Plains	2	(6)
The Conquest of the Plains	8	(6)
The Reservations and the Era of Forced Acculturation	14	(5)
Native Responses and the Search for Hope	19	(2)
Voices and Visions	21	(10)
Lone Dog's Winter Count	31	(6)
Horses, Guns, and Smallpox	37	(19)
How the Blackfeet Got Horses, Guns, and Smallpox	41	(6)
Saukamappee, Memories of War and Smallpox, 1787--1788	43	(4)
Howling Wolf: Trading Guns for Horses	47	(3)
``I Bring Death'': The Kiowas Meet Smallpox	50	(6)
Kiowa Legend	51	(5)
A Pawnee Vision of the Future	56	(5)
Sharitarish, ``We Are Not Starving Yet,'' 1822	57	(4)
The Life and Death of Four Bears	61	(10)
Four Bears's Buffalo Robe	64	(2)
Four Bears Kills a Cheyenne Chief	66	(1)
The Death Speech of Four Bears	66	(5)
Four Bears, Speech to the Arikaras and Mandans, July 30, 1837	68	(3)
Counting Coups and Fighting for Survival	71	(18)
Account of Three Coyotes's Expedition	72	(4)
Four Dancers, Three Coyotes Leads a Skirmish	73	(3)
Fighting for Crow Country	76	(2)
Arapooish, Speech on Crow Country	77	(1)
Two Leggings's Quest for Power	78	(6)
Two Leggings, The Dream and Reality of a Raid	79	(5)
A Woman's View of War	84	(1)
Pretty Shield, ``Like Talking to Winter-Winds''	85	(1)
``The Only Way Open to Us''	85	(4)
Plenty Coups, On Alliance with the United States	86	(3)
The Agony and Anger of the Eastern Sioux	89	(13)
Big Eagle's Account of the Great Sioux Uprising	90	(6)
Jerome Big Eagle, A Sioux Story of the War, ca. 1894	91	(5)
The Complaints of Strike the Ree, Medicine Cow, and Passing Hail	96	(6)
Strike the Ree, Medicine Cow, and Passing Hail, Speeches to the Special Joint Committee on the Condition of the Indian Tribes, 1865	97	(5)
Massacres North and South	102	(9)
Account of Sand Creek	102	(3)
Little Bear, The Sand Creek Massacre, 1864	104	(1)
The Massacre on the Marias (1870)	105	(6)
Bear Head, Account of the Massacre on the Marias	108	(3)
Talking to the Peace Commissioners: The Treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867	111	(10)
``When We Settle Down We Grow Pale and Die.''	113	(2)
Satanta, Speech at the Treaty of Medicine Lodge	114	(1)
``I Want to Live and Die as I Was Brought Up.''	115	(1)
Ten Bears, Speech at the Treaty of Medicine Lodge	116	(1)
``Teach Us the Road to Travel.''	116	(5)
Satank, Speech at the Treaty of Medicine Lodge	117	(4)
The Slaughter of the Buffalo	121	(12)
First Hide Hunters	125	(1)
Luther Standing Bear, ``The Plains Were Covered with Dead Bison.''	125	(1)
The End of the Buffalo Road	126	(2)
Carl Sweezy, On Taking ``the New Road''	127	(1)
``War Between the Buffalo and the White Men''	128	(2)
Old Lady Horse, The Last Buffalo Herd	129	(1)
``They Stared at the Plains, as though Dreaming.''	130	(3)
Pretty Shield, When the Buffalo Went Away	130	(3)
The Battle on the Greasy Grass, 1876	133	(17)
Sioux Signs and Arikara Premonitions	135	(2)
Red Star, Reading the Sioux Signs	136	(1)
Repelling Reno	137	(3)
Wooden Leg, A Cheyenne Account of the Battle	137	(3)
Red Horse: Pictorial Record of the Battle	140	(4)
``The Soldiers Were All Rubbed Out.''	144	(2)
Iron Hawk, Killing Custer's Men	144	(2)
``The Women and Children Cried.''	146	(4)
Mrs. Spotted Horn Bull, A View from the Village	146	(4)
The End of Freedom	150	(18)
``We Are Melting Like Snow on the Hillside.''	153	(2)
Red Cloud, Speech to the Secretary of the Interior, 1870	154	(1)
An Old Woman's Dream	155	(1)
Buffalo Bird Woman, Recalling the Old Days	156	(1)
``I Just Listened, Said Nothing, and Did Nothing.''	156	(3)
Wooden Leg, Serving as Judge	157	(2)
Learning to Like Wohaw	159	(9)
Carl Sweezy, Learning the White Man's Ways	160	(8)
Attending the White Man's Schools	168	(14)
Early Days at Carlisle	171	(7)
Luther Standing Bear, Life at Boarding School, 1879	172	(6)
Wohaw in Two Worlds	178	(4)
The Life and Death of Sitting Bull	182	(14)
Scenes from a Warrior's Life	183	(4)
Sitting Bull's Surrender Song	187	(1)
``It Is Your Own Doing That I Am Here.''	187	(4)
Sitting Bull, Report to the Senate Committee, 1883	189	(2)
``Lieut. Bullhead Fired into Sitting Bull.''	191	(5)
Lone Man, The Death of Sitting Bull, 1890	191	(5)
Killing the Dream	196	(22)
The Messiah's Letter	197	(2)
Wovoka, Message to the Cheyennes and the Arapahos, ca. 1890	198	(1)
``Something Terrible Happened.''	199	(6)
Black Elk, Massacre at Wounded Knee, 1890	200	(5)
Epilogue	205	(4)
APPENDICES
Chronology of How the West Was Lost	209	(2)
Question for Consideration	211	(2)
Selected Bibliography	213	(5)
Index	218