Parameters and Universals

by Kayne, Richard S.

• ISBN13: 9780195102352
• ISBN10: 0195102355
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-09-28
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This is a collection of previously published essays on comparative syntax by the distinguished linguist Richard Kayne. The papers cover issues of comparative syntax as they are applied to French, Italian, and other Romance languages and dialects, together forming a strongly cohesive set that will be valuable to both scholars and students.

Table of Contents

I. Romance
Microparametric Syntax: Some Introductory Remarks	3	(7)
Past Participle Agreement in French and Italian	10	(15)
Problems	10	(2)
Locality	12	(3)
Solutions	15	(6)
Subjects	21	(1)
Conclusions	21	(4)
Facets of Romance Past Participle Agreement	25	(15)
A unified theory	26	(3)
Expletives	29	(2)
ECM	31	(1)
Wh- vs. clitics	32	(2)
Postverbal NPs	34	(1)
Aux-to-comp	35	(1)
Conclusion	36	(4)
Null Subjects and Clitic Climbing	40	(20)
Clitic climbing	40	(3)
No restructuring rule	40	(1)
Intervening adverbs	41	(1)
Adjunction is to the left	42	(1)
Constraints on Clitic Climbing	43	(8)
Infinitival I	43	(1)
Causatives	43	(1)
Negation as head	44	(1)
Stepwise climbing	44	(2)
Blocking by C	46	(1)
Clitic splitting	47	(2)
Impersonals	49	(2)
Tense	51	(1)
French vs. Italian	51	(9)
Easy-to-please	51	(2)
Infinitival if	53	(1)
Auxiliaries	54	(1)
Conclusion	54	(6)
Romance Clitics, Verb Movement, and PRO	60	(38)
Romance clitics	61	(13)
Infinitives	61	(7)
Past participles	68	(3)
Split clitics	71	(2)
Finite verbs	73	(1)
PRO	74	(24)
English	74	(2)
French	76	(3)
Italian	79	(1)
Romance	80	(1)
Infinitive adjunction interferes with C0-government	81	(2)
Binding theory and PRO	83	(2)
Levels	85	(13)
Italian Negative Infinitival Imperatives and Clitic Climbing	98	(9)
Infinitives in negative imperatives	98	(2)
Clitic climbing	100	(1)
Licensing of the empty modal	100	(1)
Overt modals in negative imperatives	101	(3)
Conclusion	104	(3)
Toward a Modular Theory of Auxiliary Selection	107	(24)
Possessive constructions	108	(3)
Hungarian	108	(1)
English	108	(2)
Possessive have	110	(1)
Auxiliary + past participle	111	(12)
English auxiliary have	111	(1)
Unaccusatives with have	112	(2)
Transitives with have	114	(1)
Unergatives	115	(1)
Transitives and unergatives with be	115	(2)
Reflexive clitics with be	117	(2)
Sensitivity to tense	119	(1)
Unaccusatives revisited	120	(2)
Reflexive clitics with have	122	(1)
Have for be	123	(1)
Conclusion	123	(8)
Person Morphemes and Reflexives in Italian, French, and Related Languages	131	(32)
m- and t-	131	(11)
French possessives	131	(2)
French nonpossessives	133	(1)
Italian	134	(1)
m-/t- and number	135	(2)
n-/v- in French	137	(1)
Italian n- and v-	138	(1)
m-/t- versus l-	139	(3)
s-	142	(21)
Reflexive s-	142	(3)
Reflexive s- and number	145	(2)
Further restrictions on -e	147	(1)
A restriction on reflexive s-	148	(1)
Reflexive s- and Condition B	149	(1)
Pronominal s-	150	(1)
A further question	151	(1)
Morphology and Anaphora	152	(11)
A Note on Clitic Doubling in French	163	(24)
Cardinaletti and Starke (1994)	164	(1)
Clitic doubling in French	164	(1)
Proposal	165	(1)
Gapping	166	(1)
Subjects	167	(2)
More gapping	169	(2)
Modified pronouns	171	(1)
Quantifiers	172	(1)
Quantifiers with covert nonclitic pronouns	173	(1)
More on the third-person restriction on covert nonclitic pronouns	174	(2)
An extension to covert subjects	176	(1)
Soi	177	(1)
Conclusion	177	(10)
II. English
Notes on English Agreement	187	(19)
-s as a number affix	187	(3)
Verb agreement with a wh-phrase	190	(3)
Raised auxiliaries are blew C	193	(1)
English vs. French	194	(1)
Negation and emphasis as heads	195	(2)
Zero suffixes	197	(3)
Contraction	200	(2)
*Amn't	202	(4)
Agreement and Verb Morphology in Three Varieties of English	206	(6)
English has inflection for number but not for person	206	(1)
Num is contentful or expletive	207	(1)
Extracted elements may adjoin to NumP	208	(1)
Analysis	209	(3)
The English Complementizer of	212	(11)
III. Universals
Overt versus Covert Movement	223	(59)
Negation	224	(10)
Scandinavian	224	(2)
English	226	(2)
More complex VPs	228	(2)
no versus some	230	(1)
Wide-scope negation	231	(3)
Subject-object asymmetry	234	(1)
Only	234	(10)
Similarities of negation	234	(3)
An important difference between only and some negation	237	(1)
Attraction by only	238	(2)
Attraction by Neg0 and not	240	(1)
More on wide scope	241	(1)
Subject and pre-subject only and negation	242	(2)
Other elements related to only and negation	244	(17)
Even	244	(1)
Too	245	(3)
Focus	248	(1)
Universal grammar	249	(1)
Heavy-NP shift	250	(2)
German nur (= only)	252	(1)
Scandinavian negation	253	(1)
Covert movement	254	(2)
German	256	(1)
Scope ambiguities with two quantifiers	257	(3)
A digression on particles	260	(1)
ACD	260	(1)
Conclusion	261	(21)
Prepositional Complementizers as Attractors	282	(32)
The nominal character of French and Italian infinitives	283	(3)
French and Italian infinitives do not occupy DP positions	286	(2)
Attraction to deldi	288	(3)
The preposition restriction	291	(1)
The subject restriction	292	(1)
Topicalization, dislocation, and extraposition	292	(5)
English to: similarities	297	(2)
English to: differences	299	(2)
English to: negation	301	(2)
Conclusion	303	(11)
A Note on Prepositions, Complementizers, and Word Order Universals	314	(13)
Prepositional complementizers	315	(1)
of	315	(2)
Extraposition	317	(3)
Word order universals	320	(2)
Further word order universals	322	(1)
Conclusion	323	(1)
Epilogue	323	(4)
References	327	(30)
Index	357