Paul and the Crucified Christ in Antioch: Maccabean Martyrdom and Galatians 1 and 2

by Stephen Anthony Cummins

• ISBN13: 9780521662017
• ISBN10: 052166201X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-11-26
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

The so-called ‘Antioch Incident’ - the confrontation between the apostles Peter and Paul in Galatians 2.11-21 - continues to be a source of controversy in both scholarly and popular estimations of the emergence of the early Church and the development of Pauline theology. Paul and the Crucified Christ in Antioch offers an interesting interpretation of Paul’s account of and response to this event, creatively combining historical reconstruction, detailed exegesis, and theological reflection. S. A. Cummins argues that the nature and significance of the central issue at stake in Antioch - whether the Torah or Jesus Christ determines who are the people of God - gains great clarity and force when viewed in relation to a Maccabean martyr model of Judaism as now christologically reconfigured and redeployed in the life and ministry of the apostle Paul.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
List of abbreviations	xv
Introduction	1	(18)
PART ONE MACCABEAN MARTYRDOM
Maccabean martyrdom: formative texts and traditions	19	(35)
The Maccabean revolt and the emerging Hasmonean dynasty: a historical overview	20	(6)
The suffering and vindication of the people of God: a theological analysis of constitutive Maccabean texts	26	(12)
Daniel's `one like a son of man' and emerging messianic expectations	38	(14)
Conclusion: the Maccabees, the Messiah and Galatians 1--2	52	(2)
Maccabean martyrdom in first-century Judaism and Paul	54	(39)
Maccabean martyrdom and first-century Jewish nationalist aspirations	55	(17)
Maccabean martyrdom in first-century Jewish texts and traditions	72	(14)
An excursus: the Maccabean martyr cult in Antioch	83	(3)
Maccabean martyrdom and Paul: Romans 3.21--6 and its Maccabean tradition-history	86	(4)
Conclusion	90	(3)
PART TWO PAUL AND THE CRUCIED CHRIST IN ANTIOCH
Paul as a paradigm of conformity to Christ: the Galatian context, conceptual framework and autobiography	93	(45)
The context. Conflict and persecution in Galatia: Paul and the Galatian church, then and now	95	(11)
The conceptual framework. Messiah Jesus as eschatological redeemer: the origin and nature of Paul's gospel and mission	106	(8)
Conformity to Christ. Paul's autobiography as paradigm: from Jewish zealot to Christian martyr figure (Gal. 1.13--2.10)	114	(21)
Conclusion	135	(3)
Jews and Christians in Antioch	138	(23)
The history and self-identity of the Jewish community in Antioch	138	(7)
The messianic community in Antioch	145	(15)
Conclusion	160	(1)
Paul and the crucified Christ in Antioch: Galatians 2.11--14	161	(28)
The narrative substructure of Galatians 2.11--21	162	(2)
Peter's table-fellowship with the Antiochene Christians and the delegation from James (Gal. 2.12a)	164	(9)
Peter's withdrawal: its nature and significance (Gal. 2.11, 12--13)	173	(6)
Paul's response: a defence of the truth of the gospel (Gal. 2.14)	179	(9)
Conclusion	188	(1)
Paul and the crucified Christ in Antioch: Galatians 2.15--21	189	(40)
Paul's remonstration: an ironical use of intra-Jewish polemic (Gal. 2.15)	190	(3)
Paul's remonstration. The vindication of the righteous: the `works of the law' versus the faithfulness of the Messiah (Gal. 2.16)	193	(13)
An objection and its denial: servant(s) of sin versus servant(s) of God (Gal. 2.17)	206	(6)
Paul's counter-claim: Israel-in-Adam as a servant of sin (Gal. 2.18)	212	(4)
Paul's positive explanation: Israel-in-Adam and Israel-in-Christ (Gal. 2.19--20)	216	(12)
An excursus: the Messiah's deliverance of Israel-in-Adam (Rom. 7.1--8.11)	219	(9)
Paul's concluding statement: the grace of God in the death of the Messiah (Gal. 2.21)	228	(1)
Conclusion	229	(2)
Conclusion	231	(2)
Bibliography	233	(27)
Index of passages	260	(19)
Select index of Greek words and phrases	279	(2)
Index of modern authors	281	(4)
Select index of names and subjects	285