Person : An Integrated Introduction to Personality Psychology

by McAdams, Dan P.

• ISBN13: 9780155080669
• ISBN10: 0155080660
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-08-01
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
Introduction	1	(1)
Studying the Person	2	(43)
What Do We Know When We Know a Person?	4	(6)
Sketching an Outline	5	(1)
Filling In the Details	6	(2)
Constructing a Story	8	(2)
One Person's Life: Karen Horney, Psychiatrist	10	(11)
A Biography	10	(2)
Personality Traits	12	(2)
Characteristic Adaptations	14	(3)
Life Stories	17	(4)
Science and the Person	21	(13)
Joseph Kidd: An Ordinary Guy	22	(2)
Unsystematic Observation	24	(2)
Building Theories	26	(2)
Evaluating Propositions	28	(6)
Personality Psychology	34	(9)
The Past and the Present	35	(3)
Gordon Allport and the Origins of Personality Psychology	38	(3)
Organization of This Book	41	(2)
Summary	43	(2)
PART I THE BACKGROUND: HUMAN NATURE AND CULTURAL CONTEXT	45	(202)
Human Evolution	47	(66)
On Human Nature: Our Evolutionary Heritage	50	(39)
Principles of Evolution	50	(4)
The Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness	54	(5)
The Adapted Mind	59	(3)
Mating	62	(2)
The Origins of Sex Differences: Evolution Versus Social Structure	64	(8)
Some Women (and Men) Are Choosier Than Others: Sociosexuality	72	(2)
Getting Along and Getting Ahead	74	(4)
Hurting and Helping	78	(11)
The Evolution of Love: Attachment Theory	89	(21)
Attachment in Infancy	90	(4)
Secure and Insecure Attachments	94	(9)
Adult Attachments	103	(7)
Summary	110	(3)
Freud and the Psychoanalytic Tradition	113	(74)
The Unconscious	117	(19)
Unconscious Information Processing	119	(1)
Sigmund Freud and the Birth of Psychoanalysis	120	(7)
Repression and Repressors	127	(5)
A Collective Unconscious: Carl Jung	132	(4)
The Formation of Personality	136	(30)
The Early Years	138	(3)
The Oedipus Complex	141	(1)
Heinz Kohut's Self Psychology	142	(5)
A Case of Oedipal Dynamics: The Death of Yukio Mishima	147	(5)
A Reinterpretation of the Oedipus Complex: Chodorow's Theory of Gender	152	(2)
The Structure of Adult Personality	154	(8)
Adjusting to Life Changes: Stewart's Revision of Freud's Stages	162	(2)
Development in the Adult Years: Jung's View	164	(2)
The Interpretation of Lives	166	(18)
The Case of Dora	168	(7)
Methods of Interpretation	175	(9)
Summary	184	(3)
Social Learning and Culture	187	(60)
Behaviorism and Social Learning Theory	190	(28)
The Behaviorist Tradition	190	(9)
The First Social-Learning Theory: Miller and Dollard	199	(3)
Rotter's View: Expectancies and Values	202	(1)
Mischel's Approach: Cognitive/Social-Learning/Person Variables	203	(1)
Bandura's Theory: The Role of Observational Learning	204	(5)
A Research Example: The Case of Aggression	209	(5)
How Should Parents Raise Their Children?	214	(4)
The Ecology of Human Behavior	218	(25)
Microcontexts: The Social Situation	220	(3)
Macrocontexts: Social Structure	223	(2)
Gender as a Macrocontext	225	(4)
Culture	229	(5)
Race and Personality in the United States	234	(4)
History	238	(2)
History and Character Types: Erich Fromm's Theory	240	(3)
Summary	243	(4)
PART II SKETCHING THE OUTLINE: BASIC TRAITS AND THE PREDICTION OF BEHAVIOR	247	(184)
Personality Traits: Basic Concepts and Issues	249	(53)
The Idea of Trait	252	(13)
What Is a Trait?	252	(3)
A History of Traits	255	(10)
Measuring Traits	265	(16)
Trait Judgments	265	(4)
Constructing a Trait Measure	269	(2)
Criteria of a Good Measure	271	(1)
Narcissism: The Trait of Excessive Self-Love	272	(3)
Trait Inventories	275	(5)
Cubness: The Most Dreaded Trait	280	(1)
The Controversy Over Traits	281	(18)
Mischel's Critique	283	(2)
Predicting Some of the People Some of the Time	285	(4)
Aggregating Behaviors	289	(3)
Modern Interactionism	292	(6)
Conclusion	298	(1)
Summary	299	(3)
The Big Five	302	(65)
E: Extraversion	306	(16)
The Evolution of E	308	(3)
Feeling Good	311	(5)
The Theory of Arousal	316	(4)
The Behavioral Approach System	320	(2)
N: Neuroticism	322	(13)
The Many Ways to Feel Bad	324	(3)
Stress and Coping	327	(1)
Feeling Really Good and Really Bad: After Intensity	328	(4)
The Behavioral Inhibition System	332	(3)
O: Openness to Experience	335	(10)
Correlates of O	337	(4)
The Authoritarian Personality	341	(4)
C and A: Conscientiousness and Agreeableness	345	(12)
Work	348	(3)
Love	351	(3)
Life	354	(3)
Variations on a Theme: Alternative Taxonomies	357	(6)
Eysenck's Psychoticism: Low A, Low C, and Some Other Bad Things	358	(5)
Summary	363	(4)
Traits Across the Lifespan: Continuity and Change	367	(64)
The Continuity of Traits	370	(18)
Different Meanings of Continuity	370	(6)
Differential Continuity in the Adult Years	376	(4)
Childhood Precursors: From Temperament to Traits	380	(8)
The Origins of Traits: Genes and Environments	388	(18)
The Logic of Twin and Adoption Studies	389	(4)
Heritability Estimates of Traits	393	(4)
Shared Environment	397	(3)
Nonshared Environment	400	(2)
Birth Order: A Nonshared Environmental Effect	402	(1)
How Genes Shape Environments	402	(4)
Change and Complexity	406	(21)
Different Meanings of Change	406	(2)
Trait Change in the Adult Years	408	(5)
Patterns of Traits Over Time	413	(1)
Happiness Over the Human Lifespan	414	(6)
What Else Might Change?	420	(2)
Traits and Beyond	422	(5)
Summary	427	(4)
PART III FILLING IN THE DETAILS: CHARACTERISTIC ADAPTATIONS TO LIFE TASKS	431	(184)
Motives and Goals	433	(62)
Theories of Human Motivation	435	(23)
What Do People Want? Four Views	435	(5)
Carl Rogers's Theory	440	(3)
Abraham Maslow's Psychology of Being	443	(3)
Humanistic Research on Human Motivation	446	(5)
Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination Theory	451	(5)
Daily Reversals in Motivation: Telic and Paratelic	456	(2)
Three Social Motives	458	(25)
Henry Murray's Theory of Needs	458	(3)
The Thematic Apperception Test	461	(1)
Achievement Motivation	462	(5)
Power Motivation	467	(7)
A Movie Is Like a TAT: The Case of Alfred Hitchcock	474	(2)
Intimacy Motivation	476	(4)
Implicit and Self-Attributed Motives	480	(3)
Personalized Goals	483	(9)
Concerns, Strivings, Project, and Tasks	485	(3)
Purposive Behavior and the Quality of Life	488	(4)
Summary	492	(3)
Social-Cognitive Adaptations: Construing the Self and Social Behavior	495	(58)
The Psychology of Personal Constructs	498	(7)
George Kelly's Theory	499	(3)
Exploring Personal Constructs: The Rep Test	502	(3)
Cognitive Styles and Personality	505	(11)
Field Independence--Dependence	506	(5)
Integrative Complexity	511	(5)
Social-Cognitive Theory and the Person	516	(34)
Social Intelligence	517	(6)
Self-Schemata	523	(3)
Gender, Sex, and Schema	526	(2)
A Confederacy of selves	528	(10)
Schemata, Attributions, and Explanatory Style: The Case of Depression	538	(4)
What or Who Controls My Behavior? Research on Locus of Control	542	(2)
The Regulation of Social Behavior	544	(6)
Summary	550	(3)
Developmental Adaptations: Erikson and Loevinger	553	(62)
Martin Luther's Identity Crisis	554	(4)
Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development	558	(31)
Erikson and the Psychoanalytic Tradition	559	(2)
Developmental Stages in Childhood	561	(3)
The Problem of Identity	564	(11)
Spiritual Beliefs and Personal Ideology	575	(1)
Generativity and Adult Development	576	(13)
Jane Loevinger's Theory of Ego Development	589	(22)
The ``I'' and the ``Me''	590	(3)
Stages of the I	593	(2)
The Infant I	595	(3)
The Child I	598	(1)
The Adolescent I	599	(1)
The Adult I	600	(2)
Measuring Ego Development	602	(5)
The I on Stage: Self-Monitoring	607	(1)
Conclusion	607	(4)
Summary	611	(4)
PART IV INTEGRATING A LIFE: THE STORIES PEOPLE LIVE BY	615
Life Scripts, Life Stories	617	(62)
The Meaning of Stories	621	(14)
The Narrating Mind	621	(3)
What Is a Story?	624	(4)
Time and Story in Bali	628	(1)
Healing and Integration	628	(7)
Feeling and Story: Tomkins's Script Theory	635	(7)
Affects	636	(2)
Scenes and Scripts	638	(4)
Identity and the Life Story	642	(24)
Story Themes and Episodes	646	(5)
Story Characters: The Imago	651	(5)
Types of Stories	656	(6)
What Is a Good Story?	662	(2)
When Did Identity Become a Problem?	664	(2)
Lives as Texts	666	(10)
Hermans's Dialogical Self	668	(3)
Music and Story: Gregg's Approach	671	(2)
The Postmodern Self	673	(3)
Summary	676	(3)
Writing Stories of Lives: Biography and the Life Course	679
Icarus: An Ancient Story	680	(5)
Personology and the Study of Lives	685	(18)
Murray and the Harvard Psychological Clinic	685	(6)
The Personological Tradition	691	(4)
Science and the Single Case	695	(3)
Studying Famous People in History	698	(5)
Biography, Narrative, and Lives	703	(26)
Psychobiography	704	(6)
Why Did Van Gogh Cut Off His Ear?	710	(4)
Story Beginnings and Endings: Alfred Adler's Theory	714	(5)
The Seasons of Adult Life	719	(5)
The Life Course	724	(5)
Summary	729
Glossary	G1	(1)
References	R1	(1)
Copyrights and Acknowledgments	C1	(1)
Name Index	NI1	(1)
Subject Index	SI1