Pharmacology and Dental Therapeutics

by Seymour, Robin A.; Meechan, John G.; Yates, Michael S.

• ISBN13: 9780192629524
• ISBN10: 0192629522
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-11-18
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Formerly the titled Textbook of Dental Pharmacology and Thearapeutics, a new team of authors has extensively revised this successful text, incorporating the many advances in this field over the last few years. In 27 chapters, this book comprehensively covers both the basic and appliedpharmacology required in modern dental courses, emphasising those topics which are particularly relevant to dental practice. With new key fact boxes, clinical cases and further reading, this new edition will be easier and more fun to use for the dental student.

Author Biography

John G. Meechan is Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Newcastle Dental School, University of Newcastle.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations	xv
Drug nomenclature	xviii
Fate of a drug in the body
Introduction	3	(1)
The cell membrane	3	(1)
The movement of drugs across cell membranes	4	(1)
Drug absorption and routes of administration	5	(4)
Bioavailability	9	(1)
Distribution	9	(2)
Drug metabolism (biotransformation)	11	(3)
Excretion of drugs	14	(2)
Pharmacokinetics	16	(4)
Reference	20	(1)
Further reading	20	(3)
Mechanisms of drug action: pharmacodynamics
Introduction	23	(1)
Receptors	23	(6)
Drug targets other than receptors	29	(1)
Agonist concentration-response curves	30	(2)
Drug antagonism	32	(2)
Quantal responses	34	(1)
Therapeutic index (ratio)	34	(1)
Reference	34	(1)
Further reading	35	(4)
Prescribing and the law
The Medicines Act, 1968	39	(2)
Some factors influencing prescribing	41	(1)
Standard reference books and data sheets	42	(2)
The Misuse of Drugs Act, 1971	44	(2)
Selected list regulations (NHS Act, 1977)	46	(1)
Further reading	46	(3)
Pharmacology of inflammation and immunopharmacology
Chemical mediators of inflammation	49	(6)
Antihistamines	55	(1)
5-HT agonists/antagonists	56	(1)
Corticosteroids	56	(2)
The immune system	58	(3)
Immunosuppressants	61	(2)
Further reading	63	(4)
The pharmacology of pain
Neuroanatomy of pain: nociceptive pathways	67	(4)
Neuroanatomy of dental pain	71	(2)
Neurophysiology of pain	73	(3)
Peripheral mediators of pain	76	(1)
Central mediators of pain	77	(5)
Central processing of pain and its control by therapeutic agents	82	(1)
Methods to relieve pain	83	(2)
Rational treatment of dental pain	85	(1)
Future developments in analgesia	85	(1)
References	85	(1)
Further reading	86	(3)
Aspirin, other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and paracetamol
Aspirin	89	(3)
Para-aminophenols	92	(1)
Other NSAIDs	93	(1)
Further reading	94	(3)
Opioid analgesics
Opioids and opioid antagonists	97	(4)
Use of opioids in dentistry	101	(1)
Further reading	102	(3)
Local anaesthetics (local analgesics) and vasoconstrictors)
Chemistry	105	(3)
Pharmacological actions of local anaesthetics	108	(5)
Ester-type local anaesthetics	113	(1)
Amide-type local anaesthetics	114	(3)
Vasoconstrictors	117	(2)
Other constituents of dental local anaesthetic solutions	119	(1)
Unwanted effects of dental local anesthesia	120	(4)
Further reading	124	(3)
General anaesthesia and sedation
General anaesthesia	127	(10)
Sedation	137	(4)
Recommendations on general anaesthesia and sedation in dentistry	141	(1)
References	141	(1)
Further reading	141	(4)
Antiseptics and disinfectants
Terminology	145	(1)
Mechanism of action of antiseptics and disinfectants	145	(1)
Individual antiseptics and disinfectants	145	(3)
Astringents	148	(1)
Caustics	149	(1)
Further reading	149	(4)
Antimicrobial chemotherapy
Antibacterial drugs	153	(18)
Antifungal drugs	171	(2)
Antiviral agents	173	(3)
Infections due to prions	176	(1)
Further reading	176	(3)
Pharmacological control of dental caries and periodontal disease
Dental caries	179	(3)
Periodontal disease	182	(13)
Dentine sensitivity	195	(1)
References	196	(3)
Haemostasis and haemostatic agents
Haemostasis	199	(2)
Anticoagulants	201	(2)
Antiplatelet drugs	203	(1)
Fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic agents	204	(1)
Dental management of patients with haemostatic problems	205	(1)
The management of postextraction haemorrhage	206	(1)
Further reading	206	(3)
Drugs and the autonomic nervous system
Organization	209	(1)
Parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems	210	(2)
Cholinergic transmission	212	(3)
Noradrenergic transmission	215	(5)
Further reading	220	(3)
Drugs and the central nervous system
Psychoses and neuroleptic drugs	223	(32)
Depression and antidepressants	255
Parkinson's disease and its drug treatment	229	(2)
Hypnotics and anxiolytics	231	(4)
Epilepsy, facial neuralgias, and anticonvulsants	235	(5)
Migraine	240	(1)
Further reading	241	(4)
Drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease
Hypertension	245	(6)
Angina pectoris	251	(2)
Heart (myocardial) failure	253	(4)
Normal cardiac rhythm	257	(1)
Cardiac dysrhythmias	257	(5)
Further reading	262	(3)
Drugs acting on the respiratory system
Regulation of the airway glands and smooth muscle	265	(1)
Bronchial asthma	265	(3)
Chronic bronchitis	268	(1)
Rhinitis	269	(1)
Cough suppressants (antitussives)	269	(1)
Further reading	269	(4)
Drugs and the gastrointestinal tract
The control of gastric acid secretion	273	(1)
Inhibitors of gastric acid secretion	274	(1)
Antacids	275	(1)
Agents that protect the mucosa	275	(1)
Eradication of Helicobacter pylori	275	(1)
Gastroesophageal reflux disease	276	(1)
Laxatives	277	(1)
Drugs used for the treatment of diarrhoea	277	(1)
Vomiting	278	(2)
Further reading	280	(3)
Chemotherapeutic agents in neoplastic disease
The cell cycle	283	(1)
Principles of chemotherapy	283	(1)
Classification of chemotherapeutic agents	283	(1)
Oral and dental problems associated with chemotherapy	284	(3)
Further reading	287	(4)
The endocrine system
Posterior pituitary hormones	291	(1)
Anterior pituitary hormones	292	(1)
Thyroid gland	293	(1)
The adrenal cortex	294	(3)
The pancreas	297	(3)
Reproductive organs	300	(3)
Further reading	303	(4)
Vitamins and minerals
Vitamin A	307	(1)
The vitamin B complex	308	(2)
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)	310	(1)
Vitamin E	310	(1)
Vitamin K	310	(1)
Iron	310	(1)
Further reading	311	(4)
Calcification
Calcium	315	(1)
Phosphate	316	(1)
Vitamin D (calciferol)	316	(2)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)	318	(1)
Calcitonin	319	(1)
Bisphosphonates	319	(1)
Further reading	319	(4)
Adverse effects of drugs
Classification	323	(6)
Prevention of the unwanted effects of drugs	329	(1)
Oral reactions to drugs	330	(2)
References	332	(1)
Further reading	332	(3)
Drug interactions (drug-drug interactions)
Incidence and importance of drug interactions	335	(1)
Classification of drug interactions	335	(2)
Conclusions	337	(3)
Further reading	340	(5)
Drug abuse and dental patients
Alcohol	345	(1)
Nicotine	346	(1)
Cannabis	346	(1)
Opioids	347	(1)
Central nervous system depressants	347	(1)
Central nervous system stimulants	348	(1)
Amfetamines (amphetamines) and Ecstasy	348	(1)
Hallucinogens	349	(1)
Solvent abuse	349	(1)
Anabolic steroids and performance-enhancers	349	(1)
Conclusions	350	(1)
Further reading	350	(3)
Medical emergencies in dental practice
Fainting	353	(1)
Angina pectoris and myocardial infarction	354	(1)
Cardiac arrest	354	(1)
Asthma	355	(1)
Acute allergic reactions	355	(1)
Epilepsy	355	(1)
Hypoglycaemia	355	(1)
Adrenal crisis	356	(1)
Further reading	356	(3)
Treatments for common dental conditions
Dental hypersensitivity	359	(1)
Acute pulpitis	359	(1)
Periapical abscess	359	(1)
Periodontal abscess	359	(1)
Cellulitis	360	(1)
Ludwig's angina	360	(1)
Osteomyelitis	360	(1)
Pericoronitis	360	(1)
Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG)	361	(1)
Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis	361	(1)
Teething	361	(1)
Herpes labialis	361	(1)
Postoperative dental pain	361	(1)
Postoperative swelling and trismus	362	(1)
Dry socket (alveolar osteitis)	362	(1)
Sinusitis	362	(1)
Candidal infections	362	(1)
Thrush	362	(1)
Angular cheilitis	362	(1)
Denture stomatitis	363	(1)
Candidal leukoplakia	363	(1)
Recurrent aphthous ulceration	363	(1)
Other types of oral ulceration	363	(1)
Xerostomia	363	(2)
Index	365