Pharmacy Practice for Technicians

by Durgin, Jane M.; Hanan, Zachary I.

• ISBN13: 9780766804586
• ISBN10: 0766804585
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-12
• Publisher: Thomson Delmar Learning

Summary

St. John's Univ., Jamaica, NY. Textbook for pharmacy technicians and assistants. Topics include a health care overview, administrative and professional aspects, technology, education, and training. Previous edition: c1994. Includes assessment questions. Softcover. DNLM: Pharmacy handbooks.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Acknowledgments	xvi
Introduction	xviii
Paul G. Pierpaoli
Contributors	xx
PART 1 OVERVIEW OF HEALTH CARE
Historical Developments in Pharmacy and Health Care	3	(18)
Sister Jane M. Durgin
Introduction	4	(1)
Greek Influence	4	(1)
Roman Influence	5	(1)
Jewish Influence	6	(1)
Christian Influence	7	(1)
Eastern Influence	8	(1)
Military Influence	9	(1)
European Influences	10	(2)
International Influence	12	(2)
Contemporary Medical Practices	14	(1)
Review of Therapeutic Advances Discovered in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries	15	(1)
Summary	16	(5)
Organizational Structure and Function of the Hospital	21	(8)
Kevin M. Spiegel
Introduction	21	(1)
Hospital Functions	21	(2)
Hospital Organization	23	(3)
Summary	26	(3)
Home Health Care	29	(24)
Darryl S. Rich
Barbara Limburg-Mancini
Introduction	29	(2)
Home Health Care Services	31	(2)
Role of Pharmacy in Home Health Care	33	(1)
Home Infusion Therapy	33	(2)
Type of Home Infusion Providers	35	(2)
Types of Care and Infusion Therapies Provided	37	(6)
Infusion Devices	43	(3)
Equipment Management	46	(1)
Complications of Home Infusion Therapy	47	(1)
Role of Technicians in Home Infusion Therapy	48	(2)
Summary	50	(3)
Long-Term Care	53	(6)
Janet M. Unger
Introduction	53	(1)
Types of Long Term Care Facilities	53	(1)
Income Sources	54	(1)
Population	55	(1)
Pharmaceutical Personnel in Long Term Care	56	(1)
The Future of Pharmacy in Long Term Care	56	(1)
Summary	57	(2)
Regulatory Standards in Pharmacy Practice	59	(28)
Zachary I. Hanan
Introduction	59	(1)
Federal and State Statutes	60	(1)
Rules and Regulations	60	(1)
Quasi-Legal Standards	60	(1)
Regulatory Agencies	60	(1)
Federal Versus State Drug-Control Laws	60	(1)
State Regulatory Agencies	61	(1)
State Board of Pharmacy	61	(1)
Long Term Care Facilities	61	(2)
Federal Regulatory Agencies	63	(1)
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act	64	(1)
Adverse Drug Reactions	65	(1)
Drug Recalls	65	(3)
Investigational Drugs	68	(2)
Investigational Use of Marketed Products	70	(1)
Institutional Review Board	70	(1)
Orphan Drugs	70	(1)
The Controlled Substances Act	70	(3)
Federal Hazardous Substances Act	73	(1)
Occupational and Safety Act	74	(2)
Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act	76	(2)
Quasi-Legal Standards	78	(1)
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations	78	(2)
Patient's Bill of Rights	80	(2)
Summary	82	(5)
PART II THE PROFESSION OF PHARMACY
An Ethical Pharmacy Concern: The Informed Drug Consent	87	(8)
Edmund D. Pellegrino
Introduction	87	(1)
The Consumer and Drug Risk Information	88	(1)
What is the Moral Foundation for the Obligation of Providing Information About Risk?	88	(1)
What are the Objections to This Obligation?	89	(1)
How is the Obligation Fulfilled in Practice?	89	(2)
Is It Ever Justifiable to Intentionally Withhold Information?	91	(1)
Educational and Cultural Differences	92	(1)
Summary	92	(3)
Drug-Use Control: The Foundation of Pharmaceutical Care	95	(14)
William N. Kelly
Introduction	95	(1)
Profession of Pharmacy	95	(1)
Practice of Pharmacy	96	(2)
The Drug-Use Process	98	(1)
Control of the Drug-Use Process	98	(7)
Emerging Practice Patterns	105	(1)
Summary	106	(3)
Drug Information Service	109	(14)
William J. Tomasulo
Introduction	109	(1)
Drug Information Service	110	(1)
Drug Information	110	(1)
Drug Information Specialist	111	(3)
Role of the Pharmacy Technician in the Drug Information Service	114	(4)
Requests for Information	118	(1)
Summary	118	(5)
Organizations in Pharmacy	123	(8)
Kenneth W. Miller
Herman L. Lazarus
Introduction	123	(1)
Historical Development	123	(2)
National Associations of Pharmacists	125	(3)
Association Publications	128	(1)
Summary	129	(2)
Pharmacy Practice in the Third Millennium	131	(16)
Paul G. Pierpaoli
Gary W. Schwartz
Introduction	131	(1)
Historical Overview of Pharmacy Practice and Education	132	(1)
Major Factors Influencing Health Care and Pharmacy's Future	132	(8)
Summary	140	(7)
PART III ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS OF PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY
The Policy and Procedure Manual	147	(16)
Seymour Katz
Introduction	147	(1)
Need for Policies and Procedures	147	(3)
Composing a Policy and Procedure Manual	150	(5)
The Approval Process	155	(1)
Contents of a Policy and Procedure Manual	155	(5)
Summary	160	(3)
Materials Management of Pharmaceuticals	163	(14)
Steven J. Ciullo
Introduction	163	(1)
Procurement	164	(4)
Drug Storage and Inventory Control	168	(3)
Repackaging and Labeling Considerations	171	(2)
Distribution Systems	173	(1)
Recapture and Disposal	173	(1)
Summary	174	(3)
The Pharmacy Formulary System	177	(8)
Joseph N. Gallina
Introduction	177	(1)
The Formulary System	178	(3)
Summary	181	(4)
Computer Applications in Drug-Use Control	185	(14)
Martin A. Bieber
Introduction	185	(1)
Components of Computer Applications	186	(3)
System Project Organization and Management Methodology	189	(2)
Hospital Information System Application Relationships	191	(2)
The Hospital Pharmacy Application	193	(3)
The Future of Pharmacy Information Systems	196	(1)
Summary	197	(2)
Medication Errors	199	(16)
Susan M. Proulx
Michael R. Cohen
Introduction	199	(1)
Background	200	(1)
Ordering Medications	200	(4)
Dispensing	204	(5)
Summary	209	(6)
PART IV PROFESSIONAL ASPECTS OF PHARMACY TECHNOLOGY
Pharmaceutical Terminology and Medical Abbreviations	215	(14)
Christine Martin
Introduction	215	(1)
Common Word Elements	215	(1)
Common Medical Terms	216	(4)
Common Medical/Pharmacy Abbreviations	220	(2)
Commonly Used Apothecary Symbols	222	(1)
Brand/Trade Names and Generic Names	223	(3)
Common Look-Alike and Sound-Alike Drug Names	226	(3)
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms	229	(16)
P. L. Madan
Introduction	229	(1)
Classification	230	(9)
Gastrointestinal System	239	(1)
Ocular System	240	(1)
Transdermal System	241	(1)
Summary	242	(3)
Pharmaceutical Calculations	245	(26)
Barry S. Reiss
Ronald L. McLean
Introduction	245	(1)
Interpreting the Drug Order	245	(4)
Ratio and Proportion	249	(2)
Conversion Between Systems of Measurement	251	(5)
Calculation of Fractional Doses	256	(2)
Calculation of Dosages Based on Weight	258	(2)
Pediatric Dosage Calculations	260	(1)
Calculations Involving Intravenous Administration	261	(5)
Calculation Related to Solutions	266	(1)
Prevention of Medication Errors	267	(1)
Summary	268	(3)
Extemporaneous Compounding	271	(14)
Joseph A. DuPrey
Introduction	271	(1)
Equipment	272	(2)
Weighing Techniques	274	(2)
Compounding Principles	276	(4)
Labeling of Finished Products and Record Keeping	280	(1)
Cleaning Equipment	280	(1)
Summary	281	(4)
Parenteral Admixture Services	285	(16)
Michael J. Ficurilli
Introduction	285	(1)
Background	285	(1)
Routes of Administration	286	(1)
Characteristics of Parenteral Products	286	(4)
Preparation of Parenteral Products	290	(5)
Safety Considerations	295	(1)
Role of the Technician	296	(1)
Summary	297	(4)
Basic Biopharmaceutics	301	(8)
Andrew B. C. Yu
John S. Lee
Introduction	301	(1)
Purpose of Bioavailability Studies	301	(1)
Methods to Assess Bioavailability	302	(1)
Measurement of Drug Concentration	302	(1)
Relative and Absolute Availability	302	(1)
Pharmaceutical Factors that Affect Drug Bioavailability	303	(1)
Consideration of the Route of Drug Administration	303	(1)
Factors Affecting Oral Drug Absorption	303	(3)
Drug Disposition and Elimination	306	(1)
Gene Therapy	306	(1)
Summary	307	(2)
The Actions and Uses of Drugs	309	(36)
Janet J. Mastanduono
Introduction	309	(1)
Factors That Modify Drug Action	309	(6)
Classification of Drugs	315	(22)
Drugs Affecting Central Nervous System	337	(4)
Pharmaceuticals Developed through Biotechnology	341	(1)
Summary	341	(4)
Administration of Medications	345	(16)
Jean H. Rogers
Introduction	345	(1)
Medication Orders	346	(1)
The Medication Administrator or Medication Technician	347	(1)
Administration of the Drug	347	(7)
Medication Teaching	354	(1)
Professional Responsibility for Drug Administration	355	(1)
Legal Responsibilities in Drug Administration	356	(1)
New Trends in Drug Administration	357	(1)
Summary	357	(4)
Drug Distribution Systems	361	(16)
Fred S. Gordon
R. David Anderson
Introduction	361	(1)
Drug Distribution Systems	362	(2)
Physician's Original Order	364	(1)
Computerization	365	(1)
Physician's Order Entry Process	366	(1)
Receiving the Medication Order	366	(4)
Medication Delivery Systems	370	(4)
Summary	374	(3)
The Pharmacy and Infection Control	377	(10)
Joanne Selva
Maria Ninivaggi
Introduction	377	(1)
Responsibilities of the Pharmacy	377	(1)
Work Practice Controls	378	(1)
Risks Associated with Contamination of Sterile Products	379	(1)
Preventing Contamination of Sterile Products Prepared in the Pharmacy	380	(1)
Additional Safety Factors and Quality Control	381	(1)
Infectious Disease Process---Chain of Infection	381	(1)
Isolation Precautions	382	(1)
Universal Precautions	383	(1)
Summary	383	(4)
Accreditation of Technician Training Programs	387	(38)
Donald E. Letendre
Lisa S. Lifshin
Introduction	387	(1)
The Need for Differentiated Workforce	387	(1)
ASHP Initiatives	388	(3)
APPENDICES
Appendix A Long-Term Care	391	(5)
A--1 Examples of Guidelines for Automatic Stop Order Policy in a Skilled Nursing Facility (Unless Otherwise Specified by Physician)	391	(1)
A--2 Medication Order Entry Flow Chart	392	(1)
A--3 Inspection of Medication Stations	392	(2)
A--4 Emergency Tray Contents	394	(2)
Appendix B Regulatory Standards in Institutional Pharmacy Practice	396	(2)
B--1 ASHP Statements	396	(1)
B--2 ASHP Guidelines	396	(1)
B--3 ASHP Technical Assistance Bulletins	397	(1)
B--4 ASHP Therapeutic Guidelines	397	(1)
B--5 ASHP Therapeutic Position Statements	397	(1)
Appendix C Materials Management of Pharmaceuticals	398	(5)
C--1 ASHP Technical Assistance Bulletin on the Evaluation of Drugs for Formularies	398	(2)
C--2 ASHP Guidelines for Selecting Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Suppliers	400	(3)
Appendix D The Hospital Formulary System	403	(3)
D--1 The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee	403	(1)
D--2 Definitions and Categories of Drugs to be Stocked in the Pharmacy	404	(1)
D--3 Additions to the Formulary	405	(1)
D--4 Deletions from the Formulary	405	(1)
Appendix E Basic Biopharmaceutics	406	(4)
E--1 Core References	406	(1)
E--2 Textbooks	407	(1)
E--3 Journals	407	(1)
E--4 Newsletters	408	(1)
E--5 Noncomputerized Drug Information Resources	408	(1)
E--6 Computerized Drug Information Resources	408	(1)
E--7 Electronic Bulletin Boards	409	(1)
E--8 Biological Databases	409	(1)
Appendix F Drug Distribution Systems	410	(1)
F--1 ASHP Statement on Unit-Dose Drug Distribution	410	(1)
Appendix G Accreditation of Technician Training Programs	411	(13)
G--1 ASHP Regulations on Accreditation of Hospital Pharmacy Technician Training Programs	411	(3)
G--2 ASHP Accreditation Standard for Pharmacy Technician Training Programs	414	(3)
G--3 ASHP Technical Assistance Bulletin on Outcome Competencies and Training Guidelines for Institutional Pharmacy Technician Training Programs	417	(7)
Appendix H Body Surface Area Nomogram	424	(1)
Glossary	425	(12)
Index	437