The Philadelphia Guide: Inpatient Pediatrics

by Frank, Gary; Shah, Samir S.; Catallozzi, Marina; Zaoutis, Lisa B.

• ISBN13: 9781405104289
• ISBN10: 1405104287
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-09
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

The Philadelphia Guide: Inpatient Pediatrics brings you the latest guidelines, procedures, and treatment and management strategies for inpatient pediatric care. The field of pediatric hospital medicine is rapidly growing and this handbook focuses specifically on caring for pediatric patients in the hospital setting. The Philadelphia Guide: Inpatient Pediatrics addresses over 350 commonly encountered inpatient pediatric medical conditions. Unlike other handbooks, it goes beyond diagnostic strategies to include complete treatment and management guidelines. The focus on the treatment of so many inpatient pediatric medical conditions means that it can be used by everyone who cares for pediatric patients in the hospital--medical students, residents, and pediatric attendings. Additionally, the organization of the book makes it immensely accessible. The clinical sections are alphabetized and subheadings are consistent throughout the book to make finding information quick and easy. Readers will have rapid access to tables listing pediatric dosages for emergency, airway, and rapid sequence intubation medications, as well as defibrillation and cardioversion protocols. Classic and current evidence-based references are included. Invaluable appendices cover normal vital signs, neonatal codes, and PALS algorithms. A fresh, new approach to pediatric literature, this indispensable handbook offers concise, precise information for healthcare practitioners of all levels, from all disciplines, involved in the care of children in the inpatient setting.

Table of Contents

About the Editors	xiv
Contributors	xv
Reviewers	xxii
Preface	xxiii
Foreword	xxv
1. ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
Krishna Wood, MD, Leonard J. Levine, MD, Marina Catallozzi, MD, Donald F. Schwarz, MD, MPH
Anorexia Nervosa	1	(2)
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding	3	(2)
Emergency Contraception	5	(2)
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease	7	(3)
2. ALLERGY AND ASTHMA
Erin E. McGintee, MD, Nicholas A. Pawlowski, MD
Anaphylaxis	10	(1)
Asthma	11	(2)
Serum Sickness	13	(1)
Urticaria/Angioedema	14	(2)
3. ANALGESIA AND SEDATION
Suzanne Beno, MD, FRCPC, Jimmy W. Huh, MD
ANALGESIA	16	(2)
Assessment of Pain	16	(1)
Local Anesthesia	16	(1)
Narcotic Analgesics	17	(1)
Non-Narcotic Analgesics	18	(1)
Non-Pharmacologic Methods of Analgesia	18	(1)
Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA)	18	(1)
SEDATION	18	(2)
Preparation for Sedation	18	(1)
Pre-Procedure Sedation Suggestions	19	(1)
4. CALCULATIONS
Gary Frank, MD, MS
Alveolar-Arterial Oxygen Gradient (A-a Gradient)	20	(1)
Absolute Neutrophil Count	20	(1)
Anion Gap (Serum)	20	(1)
Biostatistics 20Body Mass Index	21	(1)
Body Surface Area (Mosteller Method)	21	(1)
Conversions	21	(1)
Corrected QT Interval	21	(1)
Corrected Serum Calcium (for Low Albumin)	21	(1)
Corrected Serum Sodium (for Hyperglycemia)	21	(1)
Creatinine Clearance (from Timed Urine Collection)	22	(1)
Creatinine Clearance (Schwartz Method)	22	(1)
Fractional Excretion of Sodium	22	(1)
Free Water Deficit	22	(1)
Glomerular Filtration Rate (Schwartz Formula)	22	(1)
Glucose Infusion Rate	23	(1)
Mean Arterial Pressure	23	(1)
Osmolality (Serum)	23	(1)
5. CARDIOLOGY
Gary Frank, MD, MS, Sara K. Pasquali, MD, Larry A. Rhodes, MD
CONGENTIAL HEART DISEASE	24	(12)
Aortic Stenosis	24	(1)
Atrial Septal Defect	25	(1)
Coarctation of the Aorta	26	(1)
Endocardial Cushion Defect	27	(1)
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome	27	(1)
Tetralogy of Fallot	28	(1)
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return	29	(1)
Transposition of the Great Arteries	30	(1)
Tricuspid Atresia	31	(1)
Truncus Arteriosus	32	(1)
Ventricular Septal Defect	33	(1)
Surgeries for Congenital Heart Disease	34	(2)
ACQUIRED HEART DISEASE	36	(4)
Congestive Heart Failure	36	(1)
Endocarditis	37	(1)
Endocarditis Prophylaxis	38	(1)
Myocarditis	38	(1)
Pericarditis	39	(1)
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY	40	(3)
Precordial Lead Placement	40	(1)
Rate	41	(1)
Rhythm	41	(1)
Axis	41	(1)
P wave	42	(1)
PR Interval	42	(1)
QRS Complex	42	(1)
QT Interval	42	(1)
ST Segment	42	(1)
T Wave	42	(1)
Left Ventricular Hypertophy, ECG signs	43	(1)
Right Ventricular Hypertrophy, ECG signs	43	(1)
ARRHYTHMIAS	43	(10)
Atrial Fibrillation	43	(1)
Atrial Flutter	44	(1)
Atrioventricular Block	44	(1)
Long QT Syndrome	45	(1)
Premature Atrial Contraction	46	(1)
Premature Ventricular Contraction	46	(1)
Supraventricular Tachycardia	47	(1)
Syncope	48	(1)
Ventricular Fibrillation	49	(1)
Ventricular Tachycardia	49	(1)
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome	49	(4)
6. DERMATOLOGY
Sogol Mostoufi-Moab, MD, Albert C. Yan, MD
BLISTERING DISORDERS	53	(3)
Necrotizing Fasciitis	53	(1)
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome	53	(1)
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis	54	(2)
EXANTHEMS	56	(3)
Acute Urticarial Hypersensitivity	56	(3)
Erythema Multiforme (Minor)	59	(1)
VASCULAR PHENOMENA	59	(4)
Complicated Hemangiomas	59	(4)
7. EMERGENCY MEDICINE
Andrea Dahlman, MD, Mark D. Joffe, MD
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SURVEY	63	(1)
Primary Survey (A-B-C-D-E)	63	(1)
Secondary Survey	63	(1)
SELECTED TOPICS IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE	64	(8)
Burns	64	(2)
Closed Head Injury	66	(1)
Concussion	67	(1)
Drowning and Near Drowning	68	(1)
Hypothermia	69	(3)
8. ENDOCRINOLOGY
Francis M. Hoe, MD, Malaka B. Jackson, MD, Adda Grimberg, MD, FAAP
DIABETES MELLITUS AND DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS	72	(3)
Diabetes Mellitus	72	(2)
Diabetic Ketoacidosis	74	(1)
HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY- ADRENAL AXIS	75	(5)
Adrenal Insufficiency	75	(2)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia	77	(1)
Cushing Syndrome	78	(2)
THYROID DISEASE	80	(1)
Congenital Hyperthyroidism	80	(1)
Graves Disease	80	(1)
OTHER SELECTED TOPICS	81	(10)
Cerebral Salt Wasting	81	(1)
Diabetes Insipidus	82	(2)
Hypoglycemia	84	(1)
Rickets	85	(2)
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone	87	(2)
Tanner Staging	89	(2)
9. FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
Gary Frank, MD, MS, Vijay Srinivasan, MD, Lisa B. Zaoutis, MD
FLUID THERAPY	91	(4)
Maintenance Fluid Therapy	91	(2)
Replacement Fluid Therapy	93	(2)
ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIES	95	(5)
Hypocalcemia	95	(1)
Hypercalcemia	96	(1)
Hypokalemia	96	(1)
Hyperkalemia	97	(1)
Hyponatremia	97	(1)
Hypernatremia	98	(2)
10. GASTROENTEROLOGY
Rose C. Graham-War, MD, Heather Morein French, MD, David A. Piccoli, MD
ESOPHAGUS AND STOMACH	100	(2)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease	100	(1)
Peptic Ulcer Disease	101	(1)
HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM	102	(7)
Alagille Syndrome	102	(1)
Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency	103	(1)
Autoimmune Hepatitis	104	(1)
Biliary Atresia	104	(1)
Gallbladder Disease	105	(2)
Glycogen Storage Disease	107	(1)
Wilson Disease	108	(1)
SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE	109	(6)
Celiac Disease	109	(1)
Constipation	110	(1)
Gastrointestinal Bleeding	111	(2)
Inflammatory Bowel Disease	113	(2)
Meckel Diverticulum	115	(1)
PANCREAS	115	(4)
Pancreatitis	115	(4)
11. GENETICS
Trevor L. Hoffman, MD, PhD, Alix Self, MD, MPH, Matthew Deardorff, MD, PhD, Paige B. Kaplan, MD, Ian Krantz, MD
Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome	119	(1)
Marfan Syndrome	119	(2)
Neurofibromatosis Type 1	121	(1)
Trisomy 13	121	(1)
Trisomy 18	122	(1)
Trisomy 21	123	(1)
Turner Syndrome	124	(2)
12. HEMATOLOGY
Char Witmer, MD, Leslie Raffini, MD
ANEMIA	126	(5)
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency	126	(2)
Hereditary Spherocytosis	128	(1)
Iron Deficiency Anemia	128	(1)
Sickle Cell Disease	129	(1)
Thalassemias	130	(1)
Transient Erythroblastopenia of Childhood	131	(1)
BLEEDING DISORDERS	131	(3)
Coagulation Studies	131	(1)
Hemophilia	131	(1)
Vitamin K Deficiency	132	(1)
von Willebrand Disease	133	(1)
THROMBOCYTOPENIA	134	(1)
Differential Diagnosis	134	(1)
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura	134	(1)
THROMBOTIC DISORDERS	135	(3)
Medications for Anticoagulation	135	(1)
Thrombosis	136	(2)
TRANSFUSION MEDICINE	138	(4)
Cryoprecipitate Transfusion	138	(1)
Fresh Frozen Plasma Transfusion	138	(1)
Platelet Transfusion	138	(1)
Red Blood Cell Transfusion	138	(1)
Transfusion Complications	139	(3)
13. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION
Deborah Palmer, MD, Richard M. Rutstein, MD, Theoklis E. Zaoutis, MD
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION	142	(8)
Fever in Human Immunodeficiency Virus	145	(3)
Post-Exposure Prophylaxis	148	(2)
14. IMMUNOLOGY
Manish J. Butte, MD, PhD, Kathleen E. Sullivan, MD, PhD
APPROACH TO PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY	150	(2)
Major Categories	150	(1)
Warning Signs	150	(1)
Differential Diagnosis of Neutropenia	151	(1)
Diagnostic Approach	152	(1)
COMMON IMMUNODEFICIENCIES	152	(10)
22q Deletion Syndromes	152	(1)
Ataxia-Telangiectasia	153	(1)
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome	154	(1)
Chronic Granulomatous Disease	155	(1)
Common Variable Immunodeficiency	155	(1)
Hyper-IgE Recurrent Infection Syndrome	156	(2)
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency	158	(1)
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome	159	(1)
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia	160	(2)
15. INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Snehal N. Shah, MD, Asim Aminsharif Ahmed, MD, Jason G. Newland, MD, Sarah Armstrong, MD, Louis M. Bell, MD, and Samir S. Shah, MD (with contributions from Michael F. Maraventano, MD, Rose C. Graham-Maar, MD, Heather Morein French, MD, Pamela G. Fitch, MD, Judit Saenz-Badillos, MD)
SYNDROMES AND COMPLEXES	162	(24)
Bite Wound Infections	162	(1)
Bronchiolitis	163	(1)
Cellulitis	164	(1)
Croup	165	(1)
Encephalitis	166	(1)
Gastroenteritis	167	(2)
Infectious Mononucleosis	169	(1)
Lymphadenitis and Lymphadenopathy	170	(1)
Mastoiditis	171	(1)
Meningitis	172	(2)
Neonatal Conjunctivitis	174	(1)
Osteomyelitis	175	(1)
Otitis Media	176	(1)
Periorbital/Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis	177	(1)
Pneumonia	178	(2)
Retropharyngeal and Peritonsillar Abscess	180	(1)
Septic Arthritis	181	(1)
Sinusitis	182	(2)
Toxic Shock Syndrome	184	(1)
Urinary Tract Infection	185	(1)
SPECIFIC PATHOGENS	186	(14)
Cat-Scratch Disease	186	(1)
Clostridium Difficile Infection	187	(1)
Hepatitis A	188	(1)
Hepatitis B	189	(1)
Hepatitis C	190	(1)
Lyme Disease	191	(1)
Malaria	192	(1)
Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection	193	(1)
Pertussis	194	(1)
Rickettsia) Diseases	195	(1)
Tuberculosis	196	(2)
Varicella Zoster Infections	198	(2)
FEVER AND BACTEREMIA	200	(8)
Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections	200	(2)
Fever in Neonates	202	(1)
Fever of Unknown Origin	203	(5)
16. METABOLISM
Ralph J. DeBerardinis, MD, PhD, Irma Payan, RN, CRNP, Neal Sondheimer, MD, PhD, Can Ficicioglu, MD, PhD
FATTY ACID OXIDATION DISORDERS AND DISORDERS OF KETONE METABOLISM	208	(5)
General Principles	208	(1)
Specific Disorders	209	(4)
UREA CYCLE DEFECTS	213	(3)
General Principles	213	(2)
Specific Urea Cycle Defects	215	(1)
DEFECTS OF AMINO ACID METABOLISM	216	(1)
Hereditary Tyrosinemia Type 1	216	(1)
Phenylketonuria	217	(1)
DEFECTS OF CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM	217	(2)
Galactosemia	217	(2)
Hereditary Fructose Intolerance	219	(1)
ORGANIC ACIDEMIAS	219	(3)
Branched-Chain Organic Acidurias	219	(3)
PRIMARY LACTIC ACIDOSIS	222	(5)
Respiratory Chain Defects	222	(1)
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency	223	(4)
17. NEONATOLOGY
Laura A. Lawler, MD, Andrea A. Berry, MD, Snehal N. Shah, MD, Gary Frank, MD, MS, John Casey, MD, CM, Mary Catherine Harris, MD
APGAR scores	227	(1)
Apparent Life-Threatening Event	227	(2)
Hemolytic Disease: ABO
Incompatibility	229	(1)
Hemolytic Disease: RH Incompatibility	229	(1)
Infant of a Diabetic Mother	230	(2)
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome	232	(1)
Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia	233	(2)
Polycythemia	235	(1)
TORCH Infections	236	(4)
18. NEPHROLOGY
Christine T. Lauren, MD, Sarbattama Son, MD, Kristen A. Feemster, MD, MPH, Joanne N. Wood, MD, Charles P. McKay, MD (with contributions from Ann E. Salerno, MD)
GLOMERULAR DISEASE	240	(5)
Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	240	(1)
IgA Nephropathy	241	(1)
Nephrotic Syndrome	242	(2)
Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis	244	(1)
TUBULAR/INTERSTITIAL DISEASE	245	(5)
Renal Tubular Acidosis	245	(2)
Rhabdomyolysis	247	(2)
Urolithiasis	249	(1)
OTHER RENAL DISEASES	250	(9)
Acute Renal Failure	250	(2)
Hematuria	252	(2)
Hypertension	254	(5)
19. NEUROLOGY
Annapurna Poduri, MD, Renee A. Shellhaas, MD, Dennis J. Dlugos, MD, Peter H. Berman, MD, Gihan I. Tennekoon, MD
GENERAL PRINCIPLES	259	(6)
Acute Weakness	259	(2)
Altered Mental Status	261	(1)
Ataxia	262	(1)
Brain Death	263	(1)
Coma	264	(1)
Cranial Nerves	265	(1)
ACQUIRED NEUROLOGIC DISEASE	265	(13)
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis	265	(1)
Acute Myopathy	266	(1)
Botulism	267	(1)
Guillain-Barré Syndrome	268	(2)
Increased Intracranial Pressure	270	(1)
Multiple Sclerosis	271	(1)
Myasthenia Gravis	272	(2)
Pseudotumor Cerebri	274	(1)
Spinal Cord Emergency	275	(1)
Stroke	276	(1)
Transverse Myelitis	277	(1)
SEIZURES AND EPILEPSY	278	(9)
General Principles	278	(1)
Febrile Seizures	279	(1)
Infantile Spasms	280	(1)
Neonatal Seizures	281	(1)
Status Epilepticus	282	(1)
Unprovoked Seizure, First	283	(1)
Unprovoked Seizure, Second	283	(4)
20. NUTRITION
Brenda Waber, RD, CSP, CNSD, LDN, Colleen Yanni, MS, RD, LDN, Maria R. Mascarenhas, MBBS, and the CHOP Committee of Dietitians
Assessment of Nutritional Status	287	(3)
Enteral Nutrition	290	(2)
Parenteral Nutrition	292	(4)
21. ONCOLOGY
Nicholas B. Slamon, MD, Rhonda M. Graves, MD, Leslie S. Kersun, MD
MALIGNANCIES	296	(13)
Abdominal Masses	296	(3)
Bone Tumors	299	(2)
Brain Tumors	301	(1)
Leukemia	302	(3)
Lymphoma	305	(2)
Rhabdomyosarcoma	307	(2)
ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES	309	(7)
Fever and Neutropenia	309	(1)
Nausea and Vomiting	310	(1)
Spinal Cord Compression	311	(1)
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome and Superior Mediastinal Syndrome	312	(1)
Tumor Lysis Syndrome	313	(3)
22. OPHTHALMOLOGY
Judit Saenz-Badillos, MD, Stefanie L. Davidson, MD
Glaucoma	316	(1)
Hyphema	317	(1)
Leukokoria	318	(1)
Orbital Fracture	318	(2)
23. ORTHOPEDICS
Denise M. Bell, MD, Jennifer Minarcik Hwang, MD, Stephen Ludwig, MD, John M. Flynn, MD
FRACTURES	320	(6)
Clavicle Fractures	320	(1)
Femur Fractures	320	(1)
Hand Fractures	321	(1)
Lateral Humeral Condyle Fractures	322	(1)
Medial Humeral Epicondyle Fractures	323	(1)
Physis (Growth Plate) Fractures	323	(1)
Proximal Humerus Fractures	324	(1)
Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus	325	(1)
COMMON ORTHOPEDIC ISSUES	326	(5)
Compartment Syndrome	326	(1)
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip	327	(1)
Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease	328	(1)
Transient Synovitis	329	(2)
24. OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Marc Eisen, MD, PhD, Steven D. Handler, MD, MBE
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy	331	(1)
Branchial Cleft Anomalies	332	(2)
Epistaxis	334	(1)
Foreign Body Aspiration/Ingestion	335	(1)
Laryngomalacia	335	(1)
Tracheostomy	336	(1)
Vocal Cord Paralysis	337	(3)
25. PROCEDURES
Nicholas Tsarouhas, MD (with contributions from Linda L. Brown, MD, Lauren Daly, MD, Reza Daugherty, MD, Marla J. Friedman, DO, Karen J. O'Connell, MD, Vivian Hwang, MD)
Endotracheal Intubation	340	(1)
Femoral Venous Catheterization	341	(1)
Intraosseous Line Placement	342	(1)
Laceration Repair	342	(4)
Lumbar Puncture	346	(1)
Pneumothorax: Needle Decompression	347	(1)
Suprapubic Bladder Aspiration	347	(1)
Tube Thoracostomy	348	(1)
Umbilical Vessel Catheterization	348	(3)
26. PSYCHIATRY
Amy Kim, MD, Anthony L. Rostain, MD, MA
Agitation/Aggression	351	(1)
Psychosis	352	(1)
Suicidality	353	(2)
27. PULMONOLOGY
David Hehir, MD, Michael F. Maraventano, MD, Suzanne Dawid, MD, PhD, Howard B. Panitch, MD
PULMONARY DISEASES AND SYNDROMES	355	(6)
Acute Respiratory Distress
Syndrome	355	(1)
Cystic Fibrosis	356	(3)
Hemoptysis	359	(1)
Obstructive Sleep Apnea	360	(1)
MECHANICAL VENTILATION AND PULMONARY ASSESSMENT	361	(9)
Blood Gas Interpretation	361	(1)
Mechanical Ventilation	362	(3)
Pulmonary Function Tests	365	(5)
28. RHEUMATOLOGY
Pamela G. Fitch, MD, Elise R. DeVore, MD, Jeffrey C. Klick, MD, Jon M. Burnham, MD
Dermatomyositis	370	(1)
Henoch-Schonlein Purpura	371	(2)
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis	373	(1)
Kawasaki Disease	374	(2)
Rheumatic Fever	376	(1)
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	377	(4)
29. SURGERY
Amy L. Winkelstein, MD, Mercedes Blackstone, MD, Suzanne Dawid, MD, PhD, Michael Nance, MD (with contributions from James P. Franciosi, MD, MS, Leonard J. Levine, MD, Gary Frank, MD, MS)
NEONATAL SURGERY	381	(3)
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia	381	(1)
Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula	382	(1)
Gastroschisis	383	(1)
Omphalocele	384	(1)
GENERAL SURGERY	384	(10)
Appendicitis	384	(2)
Hirschsprung's Disease	386	(1)
Inguinal Hernia	387	(1)
Intussusception	388	(2)
Malrotation and Midgut Volvulus	390	(1)
Perirectal Abscess	391	(1)
Pneumothorax	392	(1)
Pyloric Stenosis	393	(1)
UROLOGIC SURGERY	394	(4)
Ovarian Torsion	394	(1)
Testicular Torsion	395	(3)
30. TOXICOLOGY
Rebecca Collier, MD, Diane P. Calello, MD, Fred M. Henretig, MD
DECONTAMINATION AND ENHANCED ELIMINATION	398	(1)
Activated Charcoal	398	(1)
Cathartics (Sorbitol, Magnesium Citrate)	398	(1)
Gastric Lavage	398	(1)
Hemodialysis	398	(1)
Hemoperfusion	399	(1)
Syrup of Ipecac	399	(1)
Whole Bowel Irrigation	399	(1)
SPECIFIC POISONINGS	399	(23)
Acetaminophen	399	(1)
Amphetamines	400	(1)
Antihistamines	401	(1)
Beta-Blockers	402	(1)
Calcium Channel Blockers	402	(1)
Carbamazepine	403	(1)
Carbon Monoxide	404	(1)
Caustics	405	(1)
Clonidine	405	(1)
Cocaine	406	(1)
Digoxin	407	(1)
Ethanol	407	(1)
Ethylene Glycol	408	(1)
Hydrocarbons	409	(1)
Iron	410	(1)
Isopropyl Alcohol	410	(1)
Lead	411	(1)
Methanol	412	(1)
Opioids	413	(1)
Organophosphates	413	(1)
Phenothiazines	414	(1)
Phenytoin	415	(1)
Salicylates (Aspirin)	415	(1)
Selective Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors	416	(1)
Tricyclic Antidepressants	417
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Normal Pediatric Vital Signs	419	(2)
Appendix B: Neonatal Code	421	(1)
Appendix C: PALS Algorithms	422	(5)
Pediatric Bradycardia Algorithm	422	(1)
Pediatric Tachycardia Algorithm for Infants and Children with Rapid Rhythm and Adequate Perfusion	423	(1)
Pediatric Tachycardia Algorithm for Infants and Children with Rapid Rhythm and Poor Perfusion	424	(1)
Pediatric Pulseless Arrest Algorithm	425	(1)
Algorithm for Stabilization of Infants and Children after Arrest	426	(1)
Index	427