Philosophers at Work Issues and Practice of Philosophy

by Cohen, Elliot

• ISBN13: 9780155055995
• ISBN10: 0155055992
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-10-22
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Now more than ever before institutions of higher education are being called upon to provide students with information in the classroom that can contribute to the success of students in the workplace. Unlike any other philosophy text, PHILOSOPHERS AT WORK contains "Practice" sections written by philosopher practitioners who demonstrate how their knowledge of the problems, methods, and theories of philosophy provide powerful tools for addressing the dilemmas that arise in diverse work settings. Through the "Issues and Practice" sections, students are able to gain an understanding of the practical value of philosophy.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
The Activity of Philosophy	1	(14)
What Philosophy Is	1	(8)
Elliot D. Cohen
The Origins of Applied Philosophy	9	(6)
Richard T. DeGeorge
I. Ethics and the Professions	15	(114)
Health Care Ethics
Issues	17	(4)
Ethical Theory and Mental Health Practice	21	(14)
Elliot D. Cohen
Utilitarianism	35	(8)
John Stuart Mill
The Categorical Imperative	43	(6)
Immanuel Kant
Practice
The Philosopher as Ethics Consultant in a Psychiatric Ward	49	(9)
Clifton B. Perry
Ethics Consulting in a Multicultural Setting: Quality Care and the Wounds of Diversity	58	(6)
Kenneth Kipnis
Prescribing Viagra: Ethical Issues in Urologic Practice	64	(10)
Muriel R. Friedman
Discussion Questions	72	(2)
Lawyer's Ethics	74	(55)
Issues
Virtue Ethics	77	(7)
Aristotle
The Lawyer as Friend	84	(9)
Charles Fried
Pure Legal Advocates and Moral Agents: Two Concepts of a Lawyer in an Adversary System	93	(18)
Elliot D. Cohen
Practice
The Philosopher as Public Defender: In Defense of a Rapist	111	(4)
Steven Wasserman
The Philosopher as Prosecutor: An (Unlawful) Prosecution of a Guilty Man	115	(14)
William Heffernan
Discussion Questions	127	(2)
II. Society and Politics	129	(112)
Women's Rights and Social Work	131	(39)
Issues
The Natural Inferiority of Women	135	(2)
Aristotle
Women in Love	137	(5)
Simone de Beauvior
The Subjection of Women	142	(13)
John Stuart Mill
Practice
The Philosopher as Social Worker	155	(10)
Janice K. Wilkerson
Letter from a Battered Philosophy Student	165	(5)
Anonymous
Discussion Questions	168	(2)
Criminal Justice: Prisons and Corrections	170	(32)
Issues
The Deterrence Theory of Punishment	173	(2)
Martin P. Goulding
The Retributive Theory of Punishment	175	(8)
Robert Nozick
Punishment versus Therapy	183	(4)
Herbert Morris
Practice
The Philosopher as Corrections Officer: Doing Time in a Participatory Democracy	187	(15)
Bill Puka
Discussion Questions	201	(1)
Political Theory and Practice	202	(39)
Issues
Dictatorship	205	(6)
Thomas Hobbes
Rule by the Majority	211	(5)
John Locke
Communism	216	(8)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engles
Practice
The Philosopher in Representative Government: Applying Classical Theories	224	(17)
Stanilaus J. Dundon
Discussion Questions	240	(1)
III. Logic and Science	241	(76)
Logic and Computer Programming	243	(48)
Issues
The Scope of Logic	248	(6)
Wesley C. Salmon
Aristotelian Logic	254	(6)
Howard Kahane
The Logic of Truth Functions	260	(5)
Stephen Barker
Practice
The Philosopher as Software Developer	265	(26)
Gregory Tropea
Discussion Questions	288	(3)
Scientific Method: Medical Research	291	(26)
Issues
Science and Hypothesis	292	(14)
Irving M. Copi
Practice
The Philosopher as Physician: Testing Clinical Hypotheses	306	(11)
Reidar K. Lie
Discussion Questions	315	(2)
IV. Truth and Knowledge	317	(114)
Perspectives on Truth: Art, Humanities, and Social Science	319	(70)
Issues
Truth as Extra-Sensible Reality	327	(6)
Plato
Sense-Experience as the Standard of Truth	333	(5)
Alfred Jules Ayer
The Pragmatist's Approach to Truth	338	(6)
William James
Practice
The Philosopher as Dancer: In Consideration of Plato's Theory of Truth	344	(13)
Maxine Morphis
The Philosopher as Historian: The Correspondence Approach to Truth	357	(9)
Alfred L. Castle
The Philosopher as Journalist: A Pragmatic Approach to Truth	366	(7)
Deni Elliot
The Philosopher as Psychologist: Truth and the Schizophrenic Patient	373	(16)
Victor Guarino
Discussion Questions	386	(3)
Theories of Knowledge and Elementary School Education	389	(42)
Issues
Rationalism	394	(6)
Rene Descartes
Empiricism	400	(6)
John Locke
Epistemological Idealism	406	(5)
George Berkeley
The Empirical Grounds of Causal Reasoning	411	(3)
David Hume
Practice
The Philosopher as Elementary School Teacher: Epistemology Applied to Fourth-Grade Education	414	(17)
Matthew Lipman
Discussion Questions	430	(1)
V. Minds and Matter	431	(88)
Free Will, Determinism, and Philosophical Counseling	433	(35)
Issues
Behaviorism	440	(4)
B. F. Skinner
Existentialism	444	(5)
Jean-Paul Sartre
Theories of Counseling and the Free Will-Determinism Issue	449	(8)
Gale S. Cohen
Practice
The Philosopher as Counselor	457	(11)
Elliot D. Cohen
Discussion Questions	467	(1)
Minds, Bodies, and Artificial Intelligence	468	(51)
Issues
Mind-Body Dualism: The Interactionist Theory	472	(7)
Baruch A. Brody
Materialism: The Identity Theory	479	(7)
Jerome A. Shaffer
Minds, Bodies, and Computers	486	(8)
John Searle
Practice
Simulating Human Thinking: An Empirical Approach to the Mind-Body Problem	494	(25)
Herbert A. Simon
Discussion Questions	518	(1)
VI. Religion and Mysticism	519	(82)
Theism, Atheism, and the Clergy	521	(57)
Issues
The Ontological Proof of God's Existence: The A Priori Approach	526	(2)
St. Anselm
Five Ways of Proving God's Existence: The A Posteriori Approach	528	(2)
St. Thomas Aquinas
Why God's Existence Cannot Be Proven	530	(3)
Søren Kierkegaard
I and Thou	533	(5)
Martin Buber
Human Existence Without God	538	(2)
Friedrich Nietzche
The Problem of Evil: The Free Will and Soul-Building Arguments	540	(6)
John H. Hick
Evil and the Limits of God: Jewish Perspectives	546	(9)
Neil Gillman
Practice
The Philosopher as Priest: Applying Proofs of God's Existence to the Case of a Dying Cancer Patient	555	(8)
Fr. Robert R. Gerl
The Philosopher as Rabbi: Confronting Evil in the Face of the HIV/AIDS Pandemic	563	(15)
Rabbi Allen I. Freehling
Discussion Questions	575	(3)
Mysticism and Cosmic Consciousness	578	(23)
Issues
The Authority of Mystical Experience	581	(7)
William James
Mysticism as Metaphysically Mistaken	588	(5)
Bertrand Russell
Practice
The Philosopher as Mystic: Experiencing and Interpreting Cosmic Consciousness	593	(8)
Alan W. Watts
Discussion Questions	599	(2)
Glossary	601