Physical Therapy Research : Principles and Applications

by Domholdt, Elizabeth

• ISBN13: 9780721669632
• ISBN10: 0721669638
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-02-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

The New Edition of this text presents physical therapy research in a clear and concise manner. It aids the user in reading and interpreting published research and in designing and implementing research studies. Guidelines for applying research principles and a sample research paper and presentation are included. This edition presents updated reference sections covering the reemergence of the case study as a valid form of scholarship and the continuing interest in outcomes research. Also features a glossary that defines research terms.

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 Research Fundamentals
Research in Physical Therapy	3	(12)
Definitions of Research	4	(3)
Reasons for Developing Research in Physical Therapy	7	(2)
Barriers to Research in Physical Therapy	9	(2)
History of Research in Physical Therapy	11	(2)
Summary	13	(2)
Theory in Physical Therapy Research	15	(12)
Definitions of Theory	15	(4)
Scope of Theory	19	(6)
Relationship Between Theory, Research, and Practice	25	(1)
Summary	26	(1)
Research Ethics	27	(14)
Boundaries Between Practice and Research	28	(1)
Moral Principles of Action	29	(2)
Informed Consent	31	(1)
Research Codes of Ethics	32	(3)
Research Risks	35	(1)
Summary	36	(5)
SECTION 2 Research Design
Research Problems, Questions, and Hypotheses	41	(8)
Developing Answerable Research Problems	41	(5)
Criteria for Evaluating Research Problems	46	(2)
Summary	48	(1)
Research Paradigms	49	(13)
Quantitative Paradigm	50	(4)
Qualitative Paradigm	54	(4)
Single-System Paradigm	58	(1)
Relationships Among the Research Paradigm	59	(1)
Summary	60	(2)
Design Overview	62	(15)
Identification of Variables	63	(4)
Design Dimensions	67	(4)
Control	71	(5)
Summary	76	(1)
Research Validity	77	(18)
Internal Validity	78	(10)
Construct Validity	88	(3)
External Validity	91	(2)
Relationship Among Types of Validity	93	(1)
Summary	94	(1)
Selection and Assignment of Subjects	95	(20)
Significance of Sampling and Assignment	95	(1)
Populations and Samples	96	(1)
Probability Sampling	97	(6)
Nonprobability Sampling	103	(2)
Assignment To Groups	105	(4)
Sample Size	109	(1)
Summary	110	(5)
SECTION 3 Experimental Designs
Group Designs	115	(10)
Single-Factor Experimental Designs	115	(3)
Multiple-Factor Experimental Designs	118	(5)
Summary	123	(2)
Single-System Design	125	(12)
Problems With Group Designs	125	(1)
Charactristics of Single-System Designs	126	(1)
Single-System Designs	127	(5)
Limitations of Single-System Designs	132	(1)
Summary	132	(5)
SECTION 4 Nonexperimental Designs
Overview of Nonexperimental Research	137	(11)
Description	138	(4)
Analysis of Relationships	142	(2)
Analysis of Differences	144	(2)
Summary	146	(2)
Clinical Case Reports	148	(6)
Contributions of Case Reports to Theory and Practice	149	(1)
Purposes of Case Reports	150	(2)
Format of Case Reports	152	(1)
Summary	153	(1)
Qualitative Research	154	(16)
Assumptions of the Qualitative Paradigm	154	(1)
Qualitative Designs	155	(4)
Qualitative Methods	159	(9)
Summary	168	(2)
Epidemiology	170	(19)
Ratios, Proportions, and Rates	171	(9)
Screening and Diagnosis	180	(4)
Nonexperimental Epidemiological Designs	184	(3)
Summary	187	(2)
Outcomes Research	189	(15)
Purpose of Outcomes Research	190	(1)
Frameworks for Outcomes Research	191	(2)
Measurement Tools for Outcomes Research	193	(3)
Design Issues for Outcomes Research	196	(5)
Summary	201	(3)
Survey Research	204	(17)
Scope of Survey Research	204	(2)
Types of Information	206	(1)
Types of Items	206	(1)
Implementation Overview	207	(1)
Mailed Questionnarires	208	(7)
Interviews	215	(2)
Summary	217	(4)
SECTION 5 Measurement
Measurement Theory	221	(18)
Definitions of Measurement	222	(1)
Scales of Measurement	222	(3)
Types of Variables	225	(1)
Statistical Foundations of Measurement Theory	225	(5)
Measurement Frameworks	230	(1)
Measurement Reliability	231	(4)
Measurement Validity	235	(2)
Summary	237	(2)
Methodological Research	239	(9)
Reliability Designs	239	(5)
Validity Designs	244	(3)
Summary	247	(1)
Measurement Tools for Physical Therapy Research	248	(29)
Anthropometric Characteristics	249	(2)
Arousal, Mentation, and Cognition	251	(1)
Community and Work Integration, Self-Care, and Home Management	252	(2)
Gait, Locomotion, and Balance	254	(3)
Integumentary Integrity	257	(1)
Muscle Performance	257	(4)
Neuromotor Development and Sensory Integration	261	(1)
Pain	261	(1)
Range of Motion and Joint Integrity and Mobility	262	(3)
Sensory Integrity	265	(1)
Ventilation, Respiration, Circulation, Aerobic Capacity, and Endurance	265	(2)
Summary	267	(10)
SECTION 6 Data Analysis
Statistical Reasoning	277	(23)
Data Set	278	(1)
Frequency Distribution	278	(5)
Central Tendency	283	(1)
Variability	284	(3)
Normal Distribution	287	(2)
Sampling Distribution	289	(2)
Significant Difference	291	(4)
Errors	295	(2)
Power	297	(1)
Statistical Conclusion Validity	297	(2)
Summary	299	(1)
Statistical Analysis of Differences: The Basics	300	(25)
Distributions for Analysis of Differences	301	(1)
Assumptions of Tests of Differences	302	(2)
Steps in the Statistical Testing of Differences	304	(1)
Statistical Analysis of Differences	304	(19)
Summary	323	(2)
Statistical Analysis of Differences: Advanced and Special Techniques	325	(22)
Advanced ANOVA Techniques	326	(10)
Analysis of Single-System Designs	336	(4)
Survival Analysis	340	(1)
Hypothesis Testing with Confidence Intervals	341	(3)
Power Analysis and Effect Size	344	(1)
Summary	345	(2)
Statistical Analysis of Relationships: The Basics	347	(13)
Correlation	348	(8)
Linear Regression	356	(2)
Summary	358	(2)
Statistical Analysis of Relationships: Advanced and Special Techniques	360	(19)
Reliability Analysis	360	(7)
Multiple Regression	367	(3)
Logistic Regression	370	(2)
Factor Analysis	372	(4)
Summary	376	(3)
SECTION 7 Being a Consumer
Locating the Literature	379	(15)
Types of Information	380	(1)
Types of Professional Literature	380	(1)
Focused Literature Search	380	(9)
Ongoing Literature Search	389	(2)
Obtaining Literature Items	391	(1)
Summary	392	(2)
Evaluating the Literature	394	(19)
Elements of a Research Article	395	(1)
Guidelines for Writing About Published Research	395	(1)
Evaluation of Single Studies	395	(8)
Evaluation of Review Articles	403	(2)
Conducting a Conceptual Review of the Literature	405	(3)
Summary	408	(5)
SECTION 8 Implementing Research
Implementing a Research Project	413	(23)
Proposal Preparation	414	(4)
Human Participants' Protection	418	(2)
Funding	420	(6)
Obtaining Participants	426	(2)
Data Collection	428	(5)
Data Analysis	433	(2)
Summary	435	(1)
Publishing and Presenting Research	436	(65)
Publication of Research	436	(5)
Presentation of Research	441	(3)
Summary	444	(3)
APPENDIXES
A Random Numbers Table	447	(6)
B Table: Areas in One Tail of the Standard Normal Curve	453	(2)
C Questions for Evaluating a Research Article	455	(4)
D Guidelines for Preparing a Journal Article Manuscript	459	(6)
E Sample Manuscript for Hypothetical Study	465	(26)
F Sample Platform Presentation Script with Slides	491	(10)
Glossary	501	(12)
Index	513