Physics

by Tippens, Paul E.

• ISBN13: 9780073012674
• ISBN10: 007301267X
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-12-31
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill College

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
PART I Mechanics
Introduction	1	(5)
What Is Physics?	2	(1)
What Part Is Played by Mathematics?	3	(1)
How Should I Study Physics?	3	(3)
Technical Mathematics	6	(28)
Signed Numbers	7	(3)
Algebra Review	10	(2)
Exponents and Radicals (Optional)	12	(3)
Solution to Quadratic Equations	15	(1)
Scientific Notation	16	(2)
Graphs	18	(1)
Geometry	19	(3)
Right Triangle Trigonometry	22	(12)
Technical Measurements and Vectors	34	(34)
Physical Quantities	35	(1)
The International System	36	(2)
Measurement of Length and Time	38	(1)
Significant Figures	39	(2)
Measuring Instruments	41	(1)
Unit Conversions	42	(3)
Vector and Scalar Quantities	45	(2)
Addition of Vectors by Graphical Methods	47	(2)
Force and Vectors	49	(2)
The Resultant Force	51	(1)
Trigonometry and Vectors	52	(3)
The Component Method of Vector Addition	55	(4)
Unit Vector Notation (Optional)	59	(2)
Vector Difference	61	(7)
Translational Equilibrium and Friction	68	(25)
Newton's First Law	69	(1)
Newton's Second Law	69	(1)
Newton's Third Law	70	(1)
Equilibrium	71	(1)
Free-Body Diagrams	72	(3)
Solution of Equilibrium Problems	75	(4)
Friction	79	(14)
Torque and Rotational Equilibrium	93	(18)
Conditions for Equilibrium	94	(1)
The Moment Arm	95	(1)
Torque	96	(3)
Resultant Torque	99	(1)
Equilibrium	100	(4)
Center of Gravity	104	(7)
Uniform Acceleration	111	(26)
Speed and Velocity	112	(1)
Acceleration	113	(1)
Uniform Acceleration	114	(2)
Other Useful Relations	116	(1)
Solutions to Acceleration Problems	117	(2)
Sign Convention in Acceleration Problems	119	(2)
Gravity and Free-Falling Bodies	121	(5)
Projectile Motion	126	(1)
Horizontal Projection	126	(3)
The More General Problem of Trajectories	129	(8)
Newton's Second Law	137	(20)
Newton's Second Law of Motion	138	(2)
The Relationship Between Weight and Mass	140	(3)
Application of Newton's Second Law to Single-Body Problems	143	(2)
Problem-Solving Techniques	145	(12)
Work, Energy, and Power	157	(22)
Work	158	(1)
Resultant Work	159	(2)
Energy	161	(1)
Work and Kinetic Energy	162	(2)
Potential Energy	164	(2)
Conservation of Energy	166	(2)
Energy and Friction Forces	168	(3)
Power	171	(8)
Impulse and Momentum	179	(17)
Impulse and Momentum	180	(2)
The Law of Conservation of Momentum	182	(3)
Elastic and Inelastic Impacts	185	(11)
Uniform Circular Motion	196	(24)
Motion in a Circular Path	197	(1)
Centripetal Acceleration	197	(3)
Centripetal Force	200	(1)
Banking Curves	201	(3)
The Conical Pendulum	204	(1)
Motion in a Vertical Circle	205	(2)
Gravitation	207	(2)
The Gravitational Field and Weight	209	(1)
Satellites in Circular Orbits	210	(3)
Kepler's Laws	213	(7)
Rotation of Rigid Bodies	220	(25)
Angular Displacement	221	(2)
Angular Velocity	223	(1)
Angular Acceleration	224	(2)
Relationship Between Rotational and Linear Motion	226	(1)
Rotational Kinetic Energy: Moment of Inertia	227	(2)
The Second Law of Motion and Rotation	229	(3)
Rotational Work and Power	232	(1)
Combined Rotation and Translation	233	(2)
Angular Momentum	235	(1)
Conservation of Angular Momentum	236	(9)
Simple Machines	245	(20)
Simple Machines and Efficiency	246	(1)
Mechanical Advantage	247	(2)
The Lever	249	(1)
Applications of the Lever Principle	250	(3)
The Transmission of Torque	253	(2)
The Inclined Plane	255	(3)
Applications of the Inclined Plane	258	(7)
Elasticity	265	(14)
Elastic Properties of Matter	266	(2)
Young's Modulus	268	(3)
Shear Modulus	271	(1)
Volume Elasticity; Bulk Modulus	272	(1)
Other Physical Properties of Metals	273	(6)
Simple Harmonic Motion	279	(22)
Periodic Motion	280	(3)
Newton's Second Law and Hooke's Law	283	(1)
Work and Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion	284	(2)
The Reference Circle and Simple Harmonic Motion	286	(1)
Velocity in Simple Harmonic Motion	287	(2)
Acceleration in Simple Harmonic Motion	289	(2)
The Period and Frequency	291	(2)
The Simple Pendulum	293	(1)
The Torsion Pendulum	294	(7)
Fluids	301	(28)
Density	302	(2)
Pressure	304	(1)
Fluid Pressure	305	(3)
Measuring Pressure	308	(2)
The Hydraulic Press	310	(1)
Archimedes' Principle	311	(4)
Fluid Flow	315	(2)
Pressure and Velocity	317	(1)
Bernoulli's Equation	318	(2)
Applications of Bernoulli's Equation	320	(9)
PART II Thermodynamics, Mechanical Waves, and Sound
Temperature and Expansion	329	(21)
Temperature and Thermal Energy	330	(1)
The Measurement of Temperature	331	(4)
The Gas Thermometer	335	(1)
The Absolute Temperature Scale	336	(2)
Linear Expansion	338	(3)
Area Expansion	341	(1)
Volume Expansion	342	(2)
The Unusual Expansion of Water	344	(6)
Quantity of Heat	350	(19)
The Meaning of Heat	351	(1)
The Quantity of Heat	351	(2)
Specific Heat Capacity	353	(2)
The Measurement of Heat	355	(3)
Change of Phase	358	(6)
Heat of Combustion	364	(5)
Transfer of Heat	369	(14)
Methods of Heat Transfer	370	(1)
Conduction	371	(3)
Insulation: The R-value	374	(1)
Convection	375	(1)
Radiation	376	(7)
Thermal Properties of Matter	383	(20)
Ideal Gases, Boyle's Law, and Charles's Law	384	(2)
Gay-Lussac's Law	386	(1)
General Gas Laws	387	(2)
Molecular Mass and the Mole	389	(2)
The Ideal Gas Law	391	(1)
Liquefaction of a Gas	392	(1)
Vaporization	393	(1)
Vapor Pressure	394	(2)
Triple Point	396	(1)
Humidity	397	(6)
Thermodynamics	403	(23)
Heat and Work	404	(1)
The Internal Energy Function	405	(1)
The First Law of Thermodynamics	406	(1)
Isobaric Processes and the P-V Diagram	407	(2)
The General Case for the First Law	409	(1)
Adiabatic Processes	410	(1)
Isochoric Processes	411	(1)
Isothermal Processes	412	(1)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics	412	(2)
The Carnot Cycle	414	(1)
The Efficiency of an Ideal Engine	415	(1)
Internal Combustion Engines	416	(2)
Refrigeration	418	(8)
Mechanical Waves	426	(15)
Mechanical Waves	427	(1)
Types of Waves	427	(1)
Calculating Wave Speed	428	(1)
Periodic Wave Motion	429	(2)
Energy of a Periodic Wave	431	(2)
The Superposition Principle	433	(1)
Standing Waves	434	(1)
Characteristic Frequencies	435	(6)
Sound	441	(22)
Production of a Sound Wave	442	(1)
The Speed of Sound	443	(2)
Vibrating Air Columns	445	(3)
Forced Vibration and Resonance	448	(1)
Audible Sound Waves	448	(4)
Pitch and Quality	452	(1)
Interference and Beats	453	(1)
The Doppler Effect	454	(9)
PART III Electricity, Magnetism, and Optics
The Electric Force	463	(15)
The Electric Charge	464	(2)
The Electron	466	(1)
Insulators and Conductors	467	(1)
The Gold-Leaf Electroscope	467	(2)
Redistribution of Charge	469	(1)
Charging by Induction	469	(1)
Coulomb's Law	470	(8)
The Electric Field	478	(18)
The Concept of a Field	479	(3)
Computing the Electric Intensity	482	(3)
Electric Field Lines	485	(1)
Gauss's Law	486	(2)
Applications of Gauss's Law	488	(8)
Electric Potential	496	(16)
Electric Potential Energy	497	(2)
Calculating Potential Energy	499	(2)
Potential	501	(3)
Potential Difference	504	(2)
Millikan's Oil-Drop Experiment	506	(1)
The Electronvolt	507	(5)
Capacitance	512	(20)
Limitations on Charging a Conductor	513	(2)
The Capacitor	515	(2)
Computing the Capacitance	517	(2)
Dielectric Constant; Permittivity	519	(4)
Capacitors in Parallel and in Series	523	(3)
Energy of a Charged Capacitor	526	(6)
Current and Resistance	532	(16)
The Motion of Electric Charge	533	(2)
The Direction of Electric Current	535	(1)
Electromotive Force	535	(2)
Ohm's Law; Resistance	537	(2)
Electric Power and Heat Loss	539	(1)
Resistivity	540	(1)
Temperature Coefficient of Resistance	541	(1)
Superconductivity	542	(6)
Direct-Current Circuits	548	(19)
Simple Circuits; Resistors in Series	549	(2)
Resistors in Parallel	551	(3)
EMF and Terminal Potential Difference	554	(1)
Measuring Internal Resistance	555	(1)
Reversing the Current Through a Source of EMF	556	(1)
Kirchhoff's Laws	557	(10)
Magnetism and the Magnetic Field	567	(22)
Magnetism	568	(2)
Magnetic Fields	570	(1)
The Modern Theory of Magnetism	570	(1)
Flux Density and Permeability	571	(3)
Magnetic Field and Electric Current	574	(1)
The Force on a Moving Charge	574	(3)
Force on a Current-Carrying Wire	577	(1)
Magnetic Field of a Long, Straight Wire	578	(2)
Other Magnetic Fields	580	(1)
Hysteresis	581	(8)
Forces and Torques in a Magnetic Field	589	(12)
Force and Torque on a Loop	590	(2)
Magnetic Torque on a Solenoid	592	(1)
The Galvanometer	592	(1)
The DC Voltmeter	593	(1)
The DC Ammeter	594	(1)
The DC Motor	595	(6)
Electromagnetic Induction	601	(21)
Faraday's Law	602	(3)
EMF Induced by a Moving Wire	605	(1)
Lenz's Law	606	(1)
The AC Generator	607	(4)
The DC Generator	611	(1)
Back EMF in a Motor	611	(1)
Types of Motors	612	(2)
The Transformer	614	(8)
Alternating-Current Circuits	622	(20)
The Capacitor	623	(3)
The Inductor	626	(2)
Alternating Currents	628	(1)
Phase Relation in AC Circuits	629	(2)
Reactance	631	(1)
The Series AC Circuit	632	(2)
Resonance	634	(1)
The Power Factor	635	(7)
Light and Illumination	642	(19)
What Is Light?	643	(2)
The Propagation of Light	645	(2)
The Electromagnetic Spectrum	647	(1)
The Quantum Theory	648	(1)
Light Rays and Shadows	649	(2)
Luminous Flux	651	(2)
Luminous Intensity	653	(1)
Illumination	654	(7)
Reflection and Mirrors	661	(17)
The Laws of Reflection	662	(2)
Plane Mirrors	664	(1)
Spherical Mirrors	665	(2)
Images Formed by Spherical Mirrors	667	(2)
The Mirror Equation	669	(2)
Magnification	671	(2)
Spherical Aberration	673	(5)
Refraction	678	(18)
Index of Refraction	679	(1)
The Laws of Refraction	680	(3)
Wavelength and Refraction	683	(2)
Dispersion	685	(1)
Total Internal Reflection	685	(2)
Fiber Optics and Applications	687	(2)
Is Seeing the Same as Believing?	689	(1)
Apparent Depth	690	(6)
Lenses and Optical Instruments	696	(18)
Simple Lenses	697	(1)
Focal Length and the Lensmaker's Equation	698	(3)
Image Formation by Thin Lenses	701	(2)
The Lens Equation and Magnification	703	(2)
Combinations of Lenses	705	(1)
The Compound Microscope	706	(2)
Telescope	708	(1)
Lens Aberrations	708	(6)
Interference, Diffraction, and Polarization	714	(17)
Diffraction	715	(1)
Young's Experiment: Interference	715	(4)
The Diffraction Grating	719	(2)
Resolving Power of Instruments	721	(3)
Polarization	724	(7)
PART IV Modern Physics
Modern Physics and the Atom	731	(26)
Relativity	732	(1)
Simultaneous Events: The Relativity of Time	733	(1)
Relativistic Length, Mass, and Time	734	(3)
Mass and Energy	737	(2)
Quantum Theory and the Photoelectric Effect	739	(1)
Waves and Particles	740	(2)
The Rutherford Atom	742	(1)
Electron Orbits	742	(1)
Atomic Spectra	743	(2)
The Bohr Atom	745	(2)
Energy Levels	747	(3)
Lasers and Laser Light	750	(1)
Modern Atomic Theory	751	(6)
Nuclear Physics and the Nucleus	757
The Atomic Nucleus	758	(1)
The Elements	759	(2)
The Atomic Mass Unit	761	(3)
Isotopes	764	(2)
The Mass Defect and Binding Energy	766	(3)
Radioactivity	769	(1)
Radioactive Decay	770	(1)
Half-Life	771	(2)
Nuclear Reactions	773	(1)
Nuclear Fission	774	(1)
Nuclear Reactors	775	(2)
Nuclear Fusion	777
Index	1