Physics of Everyday Phenomena : A Conceptual Introduction to Physics

by GRIFFITH

• ISBN13: 9780072328370
• ISBN10: 0072328371
• Edition: 3RD
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: MCG

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Physics, the Fundamental Science	1	(15)
The Scientific Enterprise	2	(2)
The Scope of Physics	4	(3)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 1.1 The Case of the Malfunctioning Coffee Pot	5	(2)
The Role of Measurement and Mathematics in Physics	7	(2)
Physics and Everyday Phenomena	9	(1)
How to Use the Features of This Book	10	(6)
Try This Box 1.1 Sample Question: How Reliable Is Astrology?	12	(1)
Try This Box 1.2 Sample Exercise: Conversions	12	(1)
Summary	13	(1)
Key Terms	13	(1)
Questions	13	(1)
Exercises	14	(1)
Challenge Problem	14	(1)
Home Experiment and Observation	14	(2)
unit 1 The Newtonian Revolution
Describing Motion	16	(19)
Average and Instantaneous Speed	17	(3)
Try This Box 2.1 Unit Conversions	18	(2)
Velocity	20	(1)
Acceleration	21	(3)
Try This Box 2.2 Sample Exercise: Negative Accelerations	23	(1)
Graphing Motion	24	(3)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 2.1 The 100-m Dash	26	(1)
Uniform Acceleration	27	(8)
Try This Box 2.3 Sample Exercise: Uniform Acceleration	29	(1)
Summary	30	(1)
Key Terms	31	(1)
Questions	31	(1)
Exercises	32	(1)
Challenge Problems	33	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	34	(1)
Falling Objects and Projectile Motion	35	(19)
Acceleration Due to Gravity	36	(3)
Tracking a Falling Object	39	(2)
Try This Box 3.1 Sample Exercise: Throwing a Ball Downward	41	(1)
Beyond Free Fall: Throwing a Ball Upward	41	(2)
Try This Box 3.2 Sample Exercise: Throwing a Ball Upward	43	(1)
Projectile Motion	43	(3)
Try This Box 3.3 Sample Exercise: Projectile Motion	45	(1)
Hitting a Target	46	(8)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 3.1 Shooting a Basketball	48	(1)
Summary	49	(1)
Key Terms	50	(1)
Questions	50	(2)
Exercises	52	(1)
Challenge Problems	53	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	53	(1)
Newton's Laws: Explaining Motion	54	(20)
A Brief History	55	(2)
Newton's First and Second Laws	57	(3)
Try This Box 4.1 Sample Exercise: Finding the Net Force	59	(1)
Mass and Weight	60	(2)
Try This Box 4.2 Sample Exercise: Computing Weights	61	(1)
Newton's Third Law	62	(3)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 4.1 Riding an Elevator	64	(1)
Applications of Newton's Laws	65	(9)
Try This Box 4.3 Sample Exercise: Connected Objects	68	(1)
Summary	69	(1)
Key Terms	69	(1)
Questions	70	(1)
Exercises	71	(1)
Challenge Problems	72	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	73	(1)
Circular Motion, the Planets, and Gravity	74	(21)
Centripetal Acceleration	75	(3)
Try This Box 5.1 Sample Exercise: Circular Motion of a Ball on a String	77	(1)
Centripetal Forces	78	(2)
Planetary Motion	80	(4)
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation	84	(3)
Try This Box 5.2 Gravity, Your Weight, and the Weight of the Earth	86	(1)
The Moon and Other Satellites	87	(8)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 5.1 Explaining the Tides	89	(1)
Summary	90	(1)
Key Terms	91	(1)
Questions	91	(2)
Exercises	93	(1)
Challenge Problems	93	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	94	(1)
Energy and Oscillations	95	(20)
Simple Machines, Work, and Power	96	(3)
Try This Box 6.1 Sample Exercise: How Much Work?	98	(1)
Kinetic Energy	99	(2)
Try This Box 6.2 Sample Exercise: Work and Kinetic Energy	100	(1)
Potential Energy	101	(2)
Try This Box 6.3 Sample Exercise: Potential Energy	101	(2)
Conservation of Energy	103	(4)
Try This Box 6.4 Sample Exercise: The Swing of a Pendulum	105	(1)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 6.1 Energy and the Pole Vault	106	(1)
Springs and Simple Harmonic Motion	107	(8)
Summary	110	(1)
Key Terms	111	(1)
Questions	111	(1)
Exercises	112	(1)
Challenge Problems	113	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	114	(1)
Momentum and Impulse	115	(19)
Momentum and Impulse	116	(3)
Try This Box 7.1 Sample Exercise: The Momentum and Impulse of Golf	119	(1)
Conservation of Momentum	119	(2)
Try This Box 7.2 Sample Exercise: A Head-on Collision	121	(1)
Recoil	121	(2)
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions	123	(2)
Try This Box 7.3 Sample Exercise: When Railroad Cars Couple	124	(1)
Collisions at an Angle	125	(9)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 7.1 An Automobile Collision	127	(2)
Summary	129	(1)
Key Terms	129	(1)
Questions	130	(1)
Exercises	131	(1)
Challenge Problems	132	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	133	(1)
Rotational Motion of Solid Objects	134	(24)
What Is Rotational Motion?	135	(3)
Try This Box 8.1 Sample Exercise: Rotating a Merry-Go-Round	137	(138)
Torque and Balance	138	(3)
Try This Box 8.2 Sample Exercise: Balancing a System	140	(1)
Rotational Inertia and Newton's Second Law	141	(3)
Try This Box 8.3 Sample Exercise: Turning a Merry-Go-Round and a Rider	144	(1)
Conservation of Angular Momentum	144	(4)
Try This Box 8.4 Sample Exercise: Some Physics of Figure Skating	146	(1)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 8.1 Achieving the State of Yo	147	(1)
Riding a Bicycle and Other Amazing Feats	148	(10)
Summary	151	(1)
Key Terms	152	(1)
Questions	152	(1)
Exercises	153	(1)
Challenge Problems	154	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	155	(3)
unit 2 Fluids and Heat
The Behavior of Fluids	158	(21)
Pressure and Pascal's Principle	159	(3)
Try This Box 9.1 Sample Exercise: Some Basics of Jacks	161	(1)
Atmospheric Pressure and the Behavior of Gases	162	(3)
Try This Box 9.2 Sample Exercise: How Does a Gas Change with Pressure?	165	(1)
Archimedes' Principle	165	(3)
Fluids in Motion	168	(3)
Bernoulli's Principle	171	(8)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 9.1 Throwing a Curve Ball	174	(1)
Summary	175	(1)
Key Terms	176	(1)
Questions	176	(1)
Exercises	177	(1)
Challenge Problems	178	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	178	(1)
Temperature and Heat	179	(21)
Temperature and Its Measurement	180	(3)
Heat and Specific Heat Capacity	183	(3)
Try This Box 10.1 Sample Exercise: Changing Ice to Water	186	(1)
Joule's Experiment and the First Law of Thermodynamics	186	(3)
Try This Box 10.2 Sample Exercise: Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics	189	(1)
Gas Behavior and the First Law	189	(3)
The Flow of Heat	192	(8)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 10.1 Solar Collectors and the Greenhouse Effect	194	(1)
Summary	195	(1)
Key Terms	196	(1)
Questions	197	(1)
Exercises	198	(1)
Challenge Problems	198	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	199	(1)
Heat Engines and the Second Law of Thermodynamics	200	(22)
Heat Engines	201	(3)
Try This Box 11.1 Sample Exercise: How Efficient Is This Engine?	202	(2)
The Second Law of Thermodynamics	204	(2)
Try This Box 11.2 Sample Exercise: Carnot Efficiency	205	(1)
Refrigerators, Heat Pumps, and Entropy	206	(3)
Thermal Power Plants and Energy Resources	209	(3)
Perpetual Motion and Energy Frauds	212	(10)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 11.1 A Productive Pond	214	(1)
Summary	215	(1)
Key Terms	216	(1)
Questions	216	(1)
Exercises	217	(1)
Challenge Problems	218	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	219	(3)
unit 3 Electricity and Magnetism
Electrostatic Phenomena	222	(21)
Effects of Electric Charge	223	(3)
Insulators and Conductors	226	(2)
The Electrostatic Force: Coulomb's Law	228	(3)
Try This Box 12.1 Sample Exercise: Calculating Electrostatic Force	230	(1)
The Electric Field	231	(2)
Try This Box 12.2 Sample Exercise: An Electric Field	232	(1)
Electric Potential	233	(10)
Try This Box 12.3 Sample Exercise: Finding the Electric Potential	235	(2)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 12.1 Lightning	237	(1)
Summary	238	(1)
Key Terms	239	(1)
Questions	239	(1)
Exercises	240	(1)
Challenge Problems	241	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	242	(1)
Electric Circuits	243	(25)
Electric Circuits and Electric Current	244	(3)
Ohm's Law and Resistance	247	(2)
Try This Box 13.1 Sample Exercise: Examining a Circuit's Current and Voltage	249	(1)
Series and Parallel Circuits	249	(5)
Try This Box 13.2 Sample Exercise: Resistance and Current of Light Bulbs in Parallel	253	(1)
Electric Energy and Power	254	(3)
Try This Box 13.3 Sample Exercise: Analyzing a Circuit	256	(1)
Alternating Current and Household Circuits	257	(11)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 13.1 The Hidden Switch in Your Toaster	259	(1)
Try This Box 13.4 Sample Exercise: Light-Bulb Physics	260	(1)
Summary	261	(1)
Key Terms	262	(1)
Questions	263	(2)
Exercises	265	(1)
Challenge Problems	266	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	266	(2)
Magnets and Electromagnetism	268	(24)
Magnets and the Magnetic Force	269	(3)
Magnetic Effects of Electric Currents	272	(3)
Try This Box 14.1 Sample Exercise: Magnetic Force	275	(1)
Magnetic Effects of Current Loops	275	(4)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 14.1 Direct-Current Motors	278	(1)
Faraday's Law: Electromagnetic Induction	279	(3)
Try This Box 14.2 Sample Exercise: How Much Voltage Is Induced?	281	(1)
Generators and Transformers	282	(10)
Summary	285	(1)
Key Terms	286	(1)
Questions	286	(1)
Exercises	287	(1)
Challenge Problems	288	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	288	(4)
unit 4 Wave Motion and Optics
Making Waves	292	(22)
Wave Pulses and Periodic Waves	293	(2)
Waves on a Rope	295	(3)
Try This Box 15.1 Sample Exercise: Making Waves	297	(1)
Interference and Standing Waves	298	(3)
Try This Box 15.2 Sample Exercise: Waves and Harmonics	300	(1)
Sound Waves	301	(4)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 15.1 A Moving Car Horn and the Doppler Effect	304	(1)
Electromagnetic Waves	305	(9)
Try This Box 15.3 Sample Exercise: Frequencies of Two Kinds of Electromagnetic Waves	308	(1)
Summary	309	(1)
Key Terms	310	(1)
Questions	310	(1)
Exercises	311	(1)
Challenge Problems	312	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	313	(1)
Light and Image Formation	314	(28)
Reflection and Image Formation	315	(3)
Refraction of Light	318	(4)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 16.1 Rainbows	322	(1)
Lenses and Image Formation	322	(4)
Try This Box 16.1 Sample Exercise: A Virtual Magnified Image	325	(1)
Eyeglasses, Microscopes, and Telescopes	326	(5)
Interference and Diffraction of Light	331	(11)
Try This Box 16.2 Sample Exercise: Working with the Double-Slit Experiment	333	(2)
Summary	335	(1)
Key Terms	336	(1)
Questions	336	(1)
Exercises	337	(1)
Challenge Problems	338	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	338	(4)
unit 5 The Atom and Its nucleus
The Structure of the Atom	342	(24)
The Existence of Atoms: Evidence from Chemistry	343	(4)
Cathode Rays, Electrons, and X Rays	347	(4)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 17.1 Electrons and Television	348	(3)
Radioactivity and the Discovery of the Nucleus	351	(3)
Atomic Spectra and the Bohr Model of the Atom	354	(4)
Try This Box 17.1 Sample Exercise: Energy Levels in a Hydrogen Atom	358	(1)
Particle Waves and Quantum Mechanics	358	(8)
Summary	362	(1)
Key Terms	363	(1)
Questions	363	(1)
Exercises	364	(1)
Challenge Problems	364	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	365	(1)
The Nucleus and Nuclear Energy	366	(26)
The Structure of the Nucleus	367	(3)
Radioactive Decay	370	(4)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 18.1 Radiation Exposure	373	(1)
Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Fission	374	(3)
Try This Box 18.1 Sample Exercise: Transforming Mass Energy into Kinetic Energy	375	(2)
Nuclear Reactors	377	(5)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 18.2 What Happened at Chernobyl?	380	(2)
Nuclear Weapons and Nuclear Fusion	382	(10)
Summary	386	(1)
Key Terms	387	(1)
Questions	387	(1)
Exercises	388	(1)
Challenge Problems	388	(1)
Home Experiment and Observation	389	(3)
unit 6 Relativity and Beyond
Relativity	392	(23)
Relative Motion in Classical Physics	393	(3)
The Speed of Light and Einstein's Postulates	396	(4)
Time Dilation and Length Contraction	400	(3)
Try This Box 19.1 Sample Exercise: A Contraction in Length	403	(1)
Newton's Laws and Mass-Energy Equivalence	403	(4)
Everyday Phenomenon of the Future Box 19.1 The Twin Paradox	404	(2)
Try This Box 19.2 Sample Exercise: Adding Energy Adds Mass	406	(1)
General Relativity	407	(8)
Summary	411
Key Terms	41l	(412)
Questions	412	(1)
Exercises	413	(1)
Challenge Problems	413	(1)
Home Experiment and Observation	414	(1)
Beyond Everyday Phenomena	415	(22)
Quarks and Other Elementary Particles	416	(4)
Cosmology and the Beginning of Time	420	(2)
Semiconductors and Microelectronics	422	(4)
Computers and Artificial Intelligence	426	(2)
Superconductors and Other New Materials	428	(9)
Everyday Phenomenon Box 20.1 Holograms	431	(2)
Summary	433	(1)
Key Terms	433	(1)
Questions	434	(1)
Exercises	434	(1)
Challenge Problems	435	(1)
Home Experiments and Observations	435	(2)
Appendix A Using Simple Algebra	437	(4)
Appendix B Decimal Fractions, Percentages, and Scientific Notation	441	(4)
Appendix C Vectors and Vector Addition	445	(6)
Appendix D Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises and Challenge Problems	451	(3)
Photo Credits	454	(1)
Glossary	455	(10)
Index	465