The Physics of Extragalactic Radio Sources

by de Young, David S.

• ISBN13: 9780226144153
• ISBN10: 0226144151
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-01
• Publisher: Univ of Chicago Pr

Summary

Extragalactic radio sources are among the most unusual and spectacular objects in the universe, with sizes in excess of millions of light years, radiated energies over ten times those of normal galaxies, and a unique morphology. They reveal some of the most dramatic physical events ever seen and provide essential clues to the basic evolutionary tracks followed by all galaxies and groups of galaxies.In The Physics of Extragalactic Radio Sources, David De Young provides a clearly written overview of what is currently known about these objects. A unique feature of the book is De Young's emphasis on the physical processes associated with extragalactic radio sources: their evolution, their environment, and their use as probes to solve other astrophysical problems. He also makes extensive use of the large amount of data now available from observations at x-ray, optical, and radio wavelengths to illustrate his main points.The Physics of Extragalactic Radio Sources will be a comprehensive introduction to the field for graduate students and a useful summary for astrophysicists.

Author Biography

Elizabeth A. Kaye specializes in communications as part of her coaching and consulting practice. She has edited Requirements for Certification since the 2000-01 edition.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Introduction	1	(36)
Perspective	1	(1)
Preliminaries	2	(12)
Definitions	2	(1)
Historical Note	3	(1)
Names	4	(1)
Techniques	5	(2)
Some Physical Properties	7	(7)
Morphological Types and Definitions	14	(23)
Extended Sources	15	(11)
Compact Objects	26	(6)
Parent Objects	32	(5)
Overview	37	(27)
Introduction	37	(1)
The Grand Questions	37	(6)
What Is the Nature of the Central Engine?	37	(2)
How Do Jets Form?	39	(1)
What Is the Influence of the External Environment?	40	(1)
What Is the Role of Nearby Objects?	41	(1)
What Are the Effects of Cosmic Evolution?	42	(1)
A Qualitative Picture of a Radio Source: Problems and Processes	43	(21)
The Central Engine	43	(6)
The Inner Jet Region	49	(3)
Large Scale Jets - Basic Processes	52	(10)
Radio Sources and the Environment	62	(2)
Special Physical Processes	64	(58)
Introduction	64	(1)
Relativistic Effects	65	(27)
Special Relativistic Phenomena	65	(13)
General Relativistic Effects	78	(14)
Radiative Processes	92	(30)
Synchrotron Radiation	92	(20)
Inverse Compton Radiation	112	(4)
Bremsstrahlung Radiation	116	(6)
Collimated Flows and Shock Waves	122	(62)
Introduction	122	(2)
Basic Processes in Hydrodynamics and MHD	124	(34)
Conceptual Preliminaries	124	(1)
Hydrodynamic Flows	125	(26)
Magnetic Fields and Fluid Flows	151	(7)
Mixing Layers	158	(4)
Collimated Outflows and Jets	162	(22)
Overview	162	(2)
Mass, Momentum, and Energy Transport	164	(3)
Relativistic Jets	167	(3)
Some Simple Analytic Relations	170	(2)
Bent Jets	172	(1)
Numerical Simulations	173	(11)
Microscale Processes	184	(31)
Introduction	184	(1)
Particle Acceleration	184	(10)
Fermi Acceleration	187	(2)
Acceleration at Shock Fronts	189	(5)
Turbulence	194	(15)
Qualitative Overview	194	(3)
Some Properties of Homogeneous Incompressible Turbulence	197	(6)
MHD Turbulence and Turbulent Dynamos	203	(6)
The Effects of Particle Energy Losses	209	(6)
Preliminaries	209	(1)
Simple Evolution of Synchrotron Spectra	210	(1)
Synchrotron Losses without Sources or Sinks	211	(1)
Evolution of Complex Spectra	212	(2)
Summary of Spectral Evolution	214	(1)
Classical Double and High Luminosity Sources	215	(73)
Introduction	215	(5)
Overview	215	(1)
An Historical Aside	216	(4)
Detailed Morphology and Dynamical Indicators	220	(62)
Overview of Observations	220	(6)
Jets	226	(35)
Hot Spots	261	(8)
Lobes	269	(13)
Associated Optical Properties	282	(3)
Host Galaxies	282	(1)
Emission Lines	283	(2)
Summary of FR-II Sources	285	(3)
Jets	285	(1)
Hot Spots	286	(1)
Lobes	287	(1)
The FR-I Radio Sources	288	(29)
Observational Overview	288	(6)
Morphology	288	(3)
Polarization Structure	291	(1)
Derived Properties	292	(2)
Two Exceptional FR-I Objects: 3C 120 and M87	294	(10)
3C 120	295	(2)
M87	297	(7)
The Dynamics of FR-I Radio Sources	304	(5)
Evidence for Deceleration	304	(1)
Specific Models	305	(3)
FR-I Dynamics: Summary	308	(1)
Optical Properties	309	(3)
Emission Lines	309	(2)
Host Galaxies	311	(1)
Comparison of FR-I and FR-II Properties	312	(5)
Compact Sources	317	(40)
Truly Compact Sources	318	(24)
Observational Properties	319	(11)
Models of GPS and CSS Sources	330	(10)
The Fate of GPS and CSS Sources	340	(2)
Compact Jets	342	(15)
Observational Characteristics	342	(7)
Blazar Models	349	(6)
Compact Jets: Summary	355	(2)
Unification, Models of Radio Sources	357	(19)
Introduction	357	(2)
Observational Clues: Evidence for Obscuration	359	(2)
Specific Unification Models	361	(9)
FR-II/QSO Unification	362	(5)
FR-I/Blazar Unification	367	(2)
Other Unifications	369	(1)
Additional Aspects of Unification	370	(4)
Outflow Speeds	370	(1)
Possible Problems Encountered by Unification	371	(3)
Perspective	374	(2)
Radio Galaxies at Large Redshifts	376	(60)
Introduction	376	(1)
Some Cosmological Essentials	377	(20)
Newtonian Cosmology	377	(5)
General Relativistic Cosmologies	382	(10)
Specific Cosmological Models	392	(5)
High Redshift Radio Sources: Observational Characteristics	397	(34)
Radio Properties	397	(16)
Optical and IR Properties	413	(13)
Host Galaxies	426	(5)
Evolutionary Paths	431	(3)
Conclusions	434	(2)
Radio Sources in Galaxy Clusters	436	(30)
Overview of Cluster Properties	436	(10)
Definitions and Global Properties	436	(2)
Dynamics	438	(2)
Populations	440	(3)
The Intracluster Medium	443	(3)
Radio Source Properties	446	(7)
Morphologies	446	(2)
Statistics	448	(2)
Host Galaxies	450	(2)
Cluster Sources at High Redshift	452	(1)
Dynamics of Head-Tail Radio Sources	453	(8)
Narrow-Angle Tailed Sources	453	(3)
Wide-Angle Tailed Sources	456	(3)
Narrow-Angle Tails Revisited	459	(1)
Head-Tail Sources in Retrospect	460	(1)
Radio Galaxies and the Intracluster Medium	461	(5)
Radio Halos in Clusters	461	(2)
Other Implications for the Intracluster Medium	463	(3)
The Central Engine	466	(51)
Introduction	466	(5)
A Cautionary Overview	467	(4)
Black Holes - The Prime Mover	471	(15)
Some General Relations	471	(3)
Energy Extraction from Black Holes	474	(12)
Accretion Disks - The Fueling Paradigms	486	(18)
Thin Disks	487	(7)
Problems with Thin Accretion Disks	494	(3)
Thick Accretion Disks	497	(7)
Acceleration and Collimation	504	(10)
Radiative Acceleration	504	(3)
Magnetohydrodynamic Processes	507	(7)
Final Words	514	(3)
Appendix	517	(10)
References	527	(24)
Index	551