Physics With Infotrac: A World View

by Kirkpatrick, Larry D.

• ISBN13: 9780534408244
• ISBN10: 0534408249
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-04-08
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

In this edition, Larry Kirkpatrick is joined by new co-author, Gregory E. Francis (Montana State University) whose love of teaching has led him to experiment with active learning approaches in large introductory classes. This Fifth Edition retains the text's hallmark clear and logical conceptual presentation of physics concepts and principles (using a story line about the development of the current physics world view) written at the appropriate level for the liberal arts student Francis' subtle integration of physics education principles throughout the text includes a new feature--FLAWED REASONING--that poses a common student misunderstanding and explains the error in reasoning. To create level-appropriate language for students, the authors translate the logic, vocabulary, and values of physics into longer, less tightly structured narration that students can easily understand. And while the text incorporates minimal mathematics, there is an optional, slightly more detailed, numerical student supplement avialable that reveals more of the beauty and power of mathematics in physics.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
A World View	1	(13)
First Grade	2	(1)
On Building a World View	2	(3)
Bode's Law	5	(1)
Measurements	6	(2)
Sizes: Large and Small	8	(3)
Summary	11	(3)
Describing Motion	14	(20)
Average Speed	15	(1)
Images of Speed	16	(2)
Instantaneous Speed	18	(2)
Speed with Direction	20	(2)
Acceleration	22	(2)
A First Look at Falling Objects	24	(2)
Free Fall: Making a Rule of Nature	26	(2)
Starting with an Initial Velocity	28	(1)
A Subtle Point	28	(1)
Summary	29
Fastest and Slowest	19	(6)
Galileo: Immoderate Genius	25	(9)
Explaining Motion	34	(24)
An Early Explanation	35	(1)
The Beginnings of Our Modern Explanation	36	(2)
Newton's First Law	38	(2)
Adding Vectors	40	(1)
Newton's Second Law	41	(3)
Mass and Weight	44	(1)
Weight	45	(1)
Free-Body Diagrams	46	(1)
Free Fall Revisited	47	(1)
Galileo versus Aristotle	47	(2)
Friction	49	(1)
Newton's Third Law	50	(2)
Summary	52
Newton: Diversified Brilliance	38	(10)
Terminal Speeds	48	(10)
Motions in Space	58	(18)
Circular Motion	59	(1)
Acceleration Revisited	60	(2)
Acceleration in Circular Motion	62	(3)
Projectile Motion	65	(3)
Launching an Apple into Orbit	68	(2)
Rotational Motion	70	(1)
Summary	71
Banking Corners	64	(6)
Floating in Defiance of Gravity	70	(6)
Gravity	76	(21)
The Concept of Gravity	77	(2)
Newton's Gravity	79	(2)
The Law of Universal Gravitation	81	(1)
The Value of G	82	(2)
Gravity Near Earth's Surface	84	(2)
Satellites	86	(1)
Tides	87	(2)
How Far Does Gravity Reach?	89	(1)
The Field Concept	90	(2)
Summary	92
Kepler: Music of the Spheres	78	(7)
How Much Do You Weigh?	85	(12)
INTERLUDE THE DISCOVERY OF INVARIANTS	97	(60)
Momentum	99	(15)
Linear Momentum	100	(1)
Changing an Object's Momentum	100	(2)
Conservation of Linear Momentum	102	(2)
Collisions	104	(2)
Investigating Accidents	106	(2)
Airplanes, Balloons, and Rockets	108	(1)
Summary	109
Landing the Hard Way: No Parachute!	102	(7)
Noether: The Grammar of Physics	109	(5)
Energy	114	(24)
What Is Energy?	115	(1)
Energy of Motion	116	(1)
Conservation of Kinetic Energy	117	(2)
Changing Kinetic Energy	119	(1)
Forces That Do No Work	119	(2)
Gravitational Energy	121	(2)
Conservation of Mechanical Energy	123	(1)
Roller Coasters	124	(2)
Other Forms of Energy	126	(3)
Is Conservation of Energy a Hoax?	129	(2)
Power	131	(1)
Summary	132
Stopping Distances for Cars	120	(8)
Exponential Growth	128	(2)
Human Power	130	(8)
Rotation	138	(19)
Rotational Motion	139	(1)
Torque	139	(3)
Rotational Inertia	142	(1)
Center of Mass	143	(2)
Stability	145	(1)
Rotational Kinetic Energy	146	(1)
Angular Momentum	146	(1)
Conservation of Angular Momentum	147	(1)
Angular Momentum: A Vector	148	(2)
Summary	150	(7)
INTERLUDE UNIVERSALITY OF MOTION	157	(54)
Classical Relativity	158	(23)
A Reference System	159	(1)
Motions Viewed in Different Reference Systems	160	(1)
Comparing Velocities	161	(2)
Accelerating Reference Systems	163	(1)
Realistic Inertial Forces	164	(3)
Centrifugal Forces	167	(2)
Earth: A Nearly Inertial System	169	(2)
Noninertial Effects of Earth's Motion	171	(4)
Summary	175
Living in Zero G	166	(8)
Planetary Cyclones	174	(7)
Einstein's Relativity	181	(30)
The First Postulate	182	(1)
Searching for the Medium of Light	183	(1)
The Second Postulate	183	(1)
Simultaneous Events	184	(2)
Synchronizing Clocks	186	(4)
Time Varies	190	(1)
Experimental Evidence for Time Dilation	191	(2)
Length Contraction	193	(2)
Spacetime	195	(2)
Relativistic Laws of Motion	197	(1)
General Relativity	198	(2)
Warped Spacetime	200	(3)
Summary	203
The Twin Paradox	193	(3)
Einstein: ``Person of the Century''	196	(4)
Global Positioning Systems (GPS)	200	(2)
Black Holes	202	(9)
INTERLUDE THE SEARCH FOR ATOMS	211	(85)
Structure of Matter	213	(20)
Building Models	214	(1)
Early Chemistry	215	(2)
Chemical Evidence of Atoms	217	(1)
Masses and Sizes of Atoms	218	(2)
The Ideal Gas Model	220	(1)
Pressure	221	(1)
Atomic Speeds and Temperature	222	(2)
Temperature	224	(3)
The Ideal Gas Law	227	(1)
Summary	228
Evaporative Cooling	227	(6)
States of Matter	233	(20)
Atoms	234	(1)
Density	234	(2)
Solids	236	(2)
Liquids	238	(1)
Gases	238	(1)
Plasmas	239	(1)
Pressure	240	(2)
Sink and Float	242	(2)
Bernoulli's Effect	244	(3)
Summary	247
Density Extremes	236	(3)
Solid Liquids and Liquid Solids	239	(6)
How Fatty Are You?	245	(1)
The Curve Ball	246	(7)
Thermal Energy	253	(23)
The Nature of Heat	254	(1)
Mechanical Work and Heat	255	(1)
Temperature Revisited	256	(2)
Heat, Temperature, and Internal Energy	258	(1)
Absolute Zero	258	(1)
Specific Heat	259	(2)
Change of State	261	(2)
Conduction	263	(2)
Convection	265	(1)
Radiation	266	(1)
Wind Chill	267	(2)
Thermal Expansion	269	(1)
Summary	270
Joule: A New View of Energy	257	(13)
Freezing Lakes	270	(6)
Available Energy	276	(20)
Heat Engines	277	(2)
Ideal Heat Engines	279	(1)
Perpetual Motion Machines	280	(1)
Real Engines	281	(1)
Refrigerators	282	(2)
Order and Disorder	284	(2)
Entropy	286	(1)
Decreasing Entropy	287	(1)
Entropy and Our Energy Crisis	287	(3)
Summary	290
Arrow of Time	288	(1)
Quality of Energy	289	(7)
INTERLUDE WAVES---SOMETHING ELSE THAT MOVES	296	(49)
Vibrations and Waves	297	(26)
Simple Vibrations	298	(3)
The Pendulum	301	(1)
Clocks	302	(1)
Resonance	303	(1)
Waves: Vibrations That Move	304	(3)
One-Dimensional Waves	307	(1)
Superposition	308	(2)
Periodic Waves	310	(2)
Standing Waves	312	(2)
Interference	314	(2)
Diffraction	316	(1)
Summary	317
Tacoma Narrows Bridge	305	(4)
Probing the Earth	309	(14)
Sound and Music	323	(22)
Sound	324	(1)
Speed of Sound	325	(1)
Hearing Sounds	326	(2)
The Recipe of Sounds	328	(2)
Stringed Instruments	330	(2)
Wind Instruments	332	(2)
Percussion Instruments	334	(1)
Beats	334	(2)
Doppler Effect	336	(2)
Shock Waves	338	(1)
Summary	339
Animal Hearing	327	(2)
Loudest and Softest Sounds	329	(9)
Breaking the Sound Barrier	338	(7)
INTERLUDE THE MYSTERY OF LIGHT	345	(70)
Light	347	(23)
Shadows	348	(2)
Pinhole Cameras	350	(1)
Reflections	351	(1)
Flat Mirrors	352	(1)
Multiple Reflections	353	(2)
Curved Mirrors	355	(2)
Images Produced by Mirrors	357	(1)
Locating the Images	357	(3)
Speed of Light	360	(1)
Color	361	(4)
Summary	365
Eclipses	349	(6)
Retroreflectors	355	(15)
Refraction of Light	370	(25)
Index of Refraction	371	(3)
Total Internal Reflection	374	(1)
Atmospheric Refraction	375	(1)
Dispersion	376	(1)
Rainbows	377	(2)
Halos	379	(1)
Lenses	379	(2)
Images Produced by Lenses	381	(3)
Cameras	384	(1)
Our Eyes	384	(3)
Magnifiers	387	(1)
Telescopes	388	(2)
Summary	390
Mirages	376	(10)
Eyeglasses	386	(3)
The Hubble Space Telescope	389	(6)
A Model for Light	395	(20)
Reflection	396	(1)
Refraction	397	(1)
Interference	398	(2)
Diffraction	400	(3)
Thin Films	403	(2)
Polarization	405	(3)
Looking Ahead	408	(2)
Summary	410
Diffraction Limits	402	(6)
Holography	408	(7)
INTERLUDE AN ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC WORLD	415	(66)
Electricity	416	(20)
Electrical Properties	417	(1)
Two Kinds of Charge	418	(1)
Conservation of Charge	419	(1)
Induced Attractions	420	(2)
The Electroscope	422	(2)
The Electric Force	424	(2)
Electricity and Gravity	426	(2)
The Electric Field	428	(1)
Electric Potential	429	(2)
Summary	431
Franklin: The American Newton	420	(10)
Lightning	430	(6)
Electric Charges in Motion	436	(18)
An Accidental Discovery	437	(1)
Batteries	437	(2)
Pathways	439	(1)
A Water Model	440	(1)
Resistance	441	(2)
The Danger of Electricity	443	(1)
Batteries and Bulbs	443	(3)
Electric Power	446	(3)
Summary	449
The Real Cost of Electricity	448	(6)
Electromagnetism	454	(27)
Magnets	455	(2)
Electric Currents and Magnetism	457	(1)
Making Magnets	458	(1)
The Ampere	459	(2)
The Magnetic Earth	461	(1)
Charged Particles in Magnetic Fields	462	(1)
Magnetism and Electric Currents	463	(2)
Transformers	465	(1)
Generators and Motors	466	(1)
A Question of Symmetry	467	(2)
Electromagnetic Waves	469	(3)
Radio and TV	472	(2)
Summary	474
Superconductivity	460	(12)
Maxwell: Unifying the Electromagnetic Spectrum	472	(2)
Stereo Broadcasts	474	(7)
INTERLUDE THE STORY OF THE QUANTUM	481	(53)
The Early Atom	482	(26)
Periodic Properties	483	(1)
Atomic Spectra	483	(3)
Cathode Rays	486	(1)
The Discovery of the Electron	487	(1)
Thomson's Model	488	(1)
Rutherford's Model	488	(2)
Radiating Objects	490	(3)
The Photoelectric Effect	493	(2)
Bohr's Model	495	(2)
Atomic Spectra Explained	497	(3)
The Periodic Table	500	(2)
X Rays	502	(1)
Summary	503
Rutherford: At the Crest of the Wave	491	(2)
Planck: Founder of Quantum Mechanics	493	(5)
Bohr: Creating the Atomic World	498	(10)
The Modern Atom	508	(26)
Successes and Failures	509	(1)
De Broglie's Waves	509	(3)
Waves and Particles	512	(3)
Probability Waves	515	(1)
A Particle in a Box	516	(1)
The Quantum-Mechanical Atom	517	(3)
The Exclusion Principle and the Periodic Table	520	(1)
The Uncertainty Principle	521	(3)
The Complementarity Principle	524	(1)
Determinism	524	(1)
Lasers	525	(2)
Summary	527
Seeing Atoms	512	(7)
Psychedelic Colors	519	(15)
INTERLUDE THE SUBATOMIC WORLD	534
The Nucleus	535	(26)
The Discovery of Radioactivity	536	(1)
Types of Radiation	537	(2)
The Nucleus	539	(1)
The Discovery of Neutrons	540	(1)
Isotopes	541	(1)
The Alchemists' Dream	542	(3)
Radioactive Decay	545	(2)
Radioactive Clocks	547	(1)
Radiation and Matter	548	(2)
Biological Effects of Radiation	550	(1)
Radiation Around Us	551	(3)
Radiation Detectors	554	(2)
Summary	556
Curie: Eight Tons of Ore	538	(10)
Smoke Detectors	548	(5)
Radon	553	(8)
Nuclear Energy	561	(24)
Nuclear Probes	562	(1)
Accelerators	563	(1)
The Nuclear Glue	563	(2)
Nuclear Binding Energy	565	(2)
Stability	567	(2)
Nuclear Fission	569	(3)
Chain Reactions	572	(3)
Nuclear Reactors	575	(2)
Breeding Fuel	577	(1)
Fusion Reactors	577	(2)
Solar Power	579	(2)
Summary	581
Goeppert-Mayer: Magic Numbers	568	(3)
Fermi: A Man for All Seasons	571	(3)
Meitner: A Physicist Who Never Lost Her Humanity	574	(4)
Natural Nuclear Reactors	578	(7)
Elementary Particles	585	(20)
Antimatter	586	(3)
The Puzzle of Beta Decay	589	(1)
Exchange Forces	590	(2)
Exchange Particles	592	(2)
The Elementary Particle Zoo	594	(2)
Conservation Laws	596	(2)
Quarks	598	(2)
Gluons and Color	600	(1)
Summary	601
Feynman: Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman	591	(14)
Frontiers	605
Gravitational Waves	606	(2)
Unified Theories	608	(1)
Cosmology	609	(2)
Cosmic Background Radiation	611	(1)
Dark Matter and Dark Energy	612	(1)
Neutrinos	613	(2)
Quarks, the Universe, and Love	615	(1)
The Search Goes On	616
Appendix Nobel Laureates in Physics	1	(4)
Answers to Odd-Numbered Questions and Exercises	5
Figure Credits	1	(1)
Glossary	1	(1)
Index	1