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Introduction, Measurement, Estimating | p. 1 |
The Nature of Science | p. 1 |
Physics and Its Relation to Other Fields | p. 2 |
Models, Theories, and Laws | p. 3 |
Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures | p. 3 |
Units, Standards, and the SI System | p. 5 |
Converting Units | p. 6 |
Order-of-Magnitude: Rapid Estimating | p. 6 |
Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis | p. 7 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 7 |
Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension | p. 8 |
Reference Frames and Displacement | p. 8 |
Average Velocity | p. 9 |
Instantaneous Velocity | p. 10 |
Acceleration | p. 10 |
Motion at Constant Acceleration | p. 11 |
Solving Problems | p. 12 |
Falling Objects | p. 12 |
Graphical Analysis of Linear Motion | p. 13 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 14 |
Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors | p. 16 |
Vectors and Scalars | p. 16 |
Addition of Vectors-Graphical Methods | p. 17 |
Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar | p. 19 |
Adding Vectors by Components | p. 20 |
Projectile Motion | p. 21 |
Solving Problems Involving Projectile Motion | p. 23 |
Projectile Motion is Parabolic | p. 25 |
Relative Velocity | p. 25 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 26 |
Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion | p. 28 |
Force | p. 28 |
Newton's First Law of Motion | p. 29 |
Mass | p. 29 |
Newton's Second Law of Motion | p. 30 |
Newton's Third Law of Motion | p. 30 |
Weight-the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force | p. 31 |
Solving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams | p. 32 |
Applications Involving Friction, Inclines | p. 33 |
Problem Solving-A General Approach | p. 36 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 37 |
Circular Motion; Gravitation | p. 39 |
Kinematics of Uniform Circular Motion | p. 39 |
Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion | p. 40 |
Highway Curves, Banked and Unbanked | p. 41 |
Nonuniform Circular Motion | p. 42 |
Centrifugation | p. 43 |
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation | p. 43 |
Gravity Near the Earth's Surface; Geophysical Applications | p. 45 |
Satellites and "Weightlessness" | p. 46 |
Kepler's Laws and Newton's Synthesis | p. 47 |
Types of Forces in Nature | p. 49 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 50 |
Work and Energy | p. 51 |
Work Done by a Constant Force | p. 51 |
Work Done by a Variable Force | p. 52 |
Kinetic Energy, and the Work-Energy Principle | p. 53 |
Potential Energy | p. 54 |
Conservative and Nonconservative Forces | p. 56 |
Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation | p. 57 |
Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy | p. 58 |
Other Forms of Energy; Energy Transformations and the Law of Conservation of Energy | p. 59 |
Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems | p. 59 |
Power | p. 60 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 61 |
Linear Momentum | p. 63 |
Momentum and Its Relation to Force | p. 63 |
Conservation of Momentum | p. 64 |
Collisions and Impulse | p. 65 |
Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions | p. 66 |
Elastic Collisions in One Dimension | p. 66 |
Inelastic Collisions | p. 67 |
Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions | p. 68 |
Center of Mass (CM) | p. 68 |
CM for the Human Body | p. 69 |
Center of Mass and Translational Motion | p. 70 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 71 |
Rotational Motion | p. 72 |
Angular Quantities | p. 72 |
Constant Angular Acceleration | p. 75 |
Rolling Motion (Without Slipping) | p. 76 |
Torque | p. 76 |
Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia | p. 78 |
Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics | p. 79 |
Rotational Kinetic Energy | p. 79 |
Angular Momentum and Its Conservation | p. 81 |
Vector Nature of Angular Quantities | p. 82 |
Suggestion for Solving Problems | p. 83 |
Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture | p. 85 |
The Conditions for Equilibrium | p. 85 |
Solving Statics Problems | p. 86 |
Applications to Muscles and Joints | p. 86 |
Stability and Balance | p. 87 |
Elasticity; Stress and Strain | p. 88 |
Fracture | p. 91 |
Spanning a Space: Arches and Domes | p. 91 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 92 |
Fluids | p. 93 |
Phases of Matter | p. 94 |
Density and Specific Gravity | p. 94 |
Pressure in Fluids | p. 95 |
Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure | p. 96 |
Pascal's Principle | p. 96 |
Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer | p. 97 |
Buoyancy and Archimedes' Principle | p. 98 |
Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity | p. 99 |
Bernoulli's Equation | p. 100 |
Applications of Bernoulli's Principle: from Torricelli to Airplanes, Baseballs, and TIA | p. 101 |
Viscosity | p. 102 |
Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille's Equation, Blood Flow | p. 103 |
Surface Tension and Capillarity | p. 104 |
Pumps, and the Heart | p. 105 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 106 |
Vibrations and Waves | p. 108 |
Simple Harmonic Motion | p. 108 |
Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator | p. 109 |
The Period and Sinusoidal Nature of SHM | p. 110 |
The Simple Pendulum | p. 113 |
Damped Oscillations | p. 114 |
Forced Vibrations; Resonance | p. 115 |
Wave Motion | p. 116 |
Types of Waves; Transverse and Longitudinal | p. 118 |
Energy Transported by Waves | p. 120 |
Intensity Related to Amplitude and Frequency | p. 121 |
Reflection and Transmission of Waves | p. 121 |
Interference | p. 122 |
Standing Waves; Resonance | p. 123 |
Refraction | p. 124 |
Diffraction | p. 124 |
Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave | p. 125 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 125 |
Sound | p. 127 |
Characteristics of Sound | p. 128 |
Intensity of Sound: Decibels | p. 129 |
The Ear and Its Response; Loudness | p. 130 |
Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns | p. 131 |
Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition | p. 133 |
Interference of Sound Waves; Beats | p. 133 |
Doppler Effect | p. 135 |
Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom | p. 137 |
Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging | p. 137 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 138 |
Temperature and Kinetic Theory | p. 140 |
Atomic Theory of Matter | p. 141 |
Temperature and Thermometers | p. 142 |
Thermal Equilibrium and Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics | p. 143 |
Thermal Expansion | p. 143 |
Heat Thermal Stress | p. 144 |
The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature | p. 145 |
The Ideal Gas Law | p. 146 |
Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law | p. 147 |
Ideal Gas Law in terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number | p. 147 |
Kinetic Theory and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature | p. 147 |
Distribution of Molecular Speeds | p. 149 |
Real Gases and Changes of Phase | p. 150 |
Vapor Pressure and Humidity | p. 151 |
Diffusion | p. 153 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 153 |
Heat | p. 155 |
Heat as Energy Transfer | p. 155 |
Internal Energy | p. 156 |
Specific Heat | p. 157 |
Calorimetry-Solving Problems | p. 157 |
Latent Heat | p. 158 |
Heat Transfer: Conduction | p. 159 |
Heat Transfer: Convection | p. 161 |
Heat Transfer: Radiation | p. 161 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 163 |
The Laws of Thermodynamics | p. 165 |
The First Law of Thermodynamics | p. 166 |
Thermodynamic Processes and the First Law | p. 166 |
Human Metabolism and the First Law | p. 168 |
The Second Law of Thermodynamics-Introduction | p. 169 |
Heat Engines | p. 169 |
Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps | p. 172 |
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics | p. 173 |
Order to Disorder | p. 174 |
Unavailability of Energy; Heat Death | p. 175 |
Evolution and Growth; "Time Arrow" | p. 175 |
Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law | p. 176 |
Thermal Pollution and Global Warming | p. 176 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 177 |
Electric Charge and Electric Field | p. 179 |
Static Electricity; Electric Charge and Its Conservation | p. 179 |
Electric Charge in the Atom | p. 180 |
Insulators and Conductors | p. 180 |
Induced Charge; the Electroscope | p. 181 |
Coulomb's Law | p. 182 |
Solving Problems involving Coulomb's Law and Vectors | p. 184 |
The Electric Field | p. 185 |
Field Lines | p. 185 |
Electric Fields and Conductors | p. 187 |
Gauss's Law | p. 187 |
Electric Field in Molecular Biology: DNA Structure and Replication | p. 189 |
Photocopy Machines and Computer Printers Use Electrostatics | p. 190 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 191 |
Electric Potential | p. 193 |
Electric Potential Energy and Potential Difference | p. 193 |
Relation Between Electric Potential and Electric Field | p. 194 |
Equipotential Lines | p. 195 |
The Electron Volt, a Unit of Energy | p. 196 |
Electric Potential Due to Point Charges | p. 196 |
Potential Due to Electric Dipole; Dipole Moment | p. 197 |
Capacitors | p. 197 |
Dielectrics | p. 198 |
Storage of Electrical Energy | p. 200 |
Cathode Ray Tube: TV and Computer Monitors, Oscilloscope | p. 200 |
The Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) | p. 201 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 202 |
Electric Currents | p. 204 |
Electric Battery | p. 205 |
Electric Current | p. 205 |
Ohm's Law: Resistance and Resistors | p. 206 |
Resistivity | p. 208 |
Electric Power | p. 209 |
Power in Household Circuits | p. 209 |
Alternating Current | p. 210 |
Microscopic View of Electric Current | p. 212 |
Superconductivity | p. 212 |
Electric Conduction in the Human Nervous System | p. 213 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 215 |
DC Circuits | p. 216 |
EMF and Terminal Voltage | p. 216 |
Resistors in Series and in Parallel | p. 217 |
Kirchhoff's Rules | p. 218 |
EMFs in Series and in Parallel; Charging a Battery | p. 219 |
Circuits Containing Capacitors in Series and in Parallel | p. 220 |
RC Circuits-Resistor and Capacitor in Series | p. 221 |
Electric Hazards | p. 222 |
Ammeters and Voltmeters | p. 223 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 225 |
Magnetism | p. 226 |
Magnets and Magnetic Fields | p. 227 |
Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields | p. 228 |
Force on an Electric Current in a Magnetic Field; Definition of B | p. 229 |
Force on Electric Charge Moving in a Magnetic Field | p. 231 |
The Magnetic Field Due to a Straight Wire | p. 232 |
Force Between Two Parallel Wires | p. 233 |
Electromagnets and Solenoids | p. 234 |
Ampere's Law | p. 234 |
Torque on a Current Loop; Magnetic Moment | p. 235 |
Applications: Galvanometers, Motors, Loudspeakers | p. 236 |
Mass Spectrometers | p. 237 |
Ferromagnetism: Domains and Hysteresis | p. 238 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 240 |
Electromagnetic Induction and Faraday's Law | p. 242 |
Induced EMF | p. 243 |
Faraday's Law of Induction; Lenz's Law | p. 243 |
EMF Induced in a Moving Conductor | p. 244 |
Changing Magnetic Flux Produces an Electric Field | p. 245 |
Electric Generators | p. 245 |
Back EMF and Counter Torque; Eddy Currents | p. 247 |
Transformers; Transmission of Power | p. 248 |
Applications of Induction: Sound Systems, Computer Memory, the Seismograph | p. 249 |
Inductance | p. 250 |
Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field | p. 252 |
LR Circuit | p. 252 |
AC Circuits and Impedance | p. 253 |
LRC Series AC Circuit; Problem Solving | p. 255 |
Resonance in AC Circuits; Oscillators | p. 256 |
Impedance Matching | p. 257 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 258 |
Electromagnetic Waves | p. 261 |
Changing Electric Fields Produce Magnetic Fields; Maxwell's Equations | p. 261 |
Production of Electromagnetic Waves | p. 262 |
Light as an Electromagnetic wave and the Electromagnetic Spectrum | p. 264 |
Measuring the Speed of Light | p. 265 |
Energy in EM Waves | p. 266 |
Momentum Transfer and Radiation Pressure | p. 266 |
Radio and Television: Wireless Communication | p. 267 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 269 |
Light: Geometric Optics | p. 270 |
The Ray Model of Light | p. 271 |
Reflection; Image Formation by a Planar Mirror | p. 271 |
Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors | p. 273 |
Index of Refraction | p. 275 |
Refraction: Snell's Law | p. 275 |
Total Internal Reflection; Fiber Optics | p. 277 |
Thin Lenses; Ray Tracing | p. 278 |
The Thin Lens Equation; Magnification | p. 280 |
Combinations of Lenses | p. 281 |
The Lensmaker's Equation | p. 281 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 282 |
The Wave Nature of Light | p. 284 |
Waves Versus Particles; Huygens' Principle and Diffraction | p. 285 |
Huygens' Principle and the law of Refraction | p. 285 |
Interference-Young's Double-Slit Experiment | p. 286 |
The Visible Spectrum and Dispersion | p. 288 |
Diffraction by a Single Slit or Disk | p. 289 |
Diffraction Gratings | p. 290 |
The Spectrometer and Spectroscopy | p. 291 |
Interference by Thin Films | p. 292 |
Michelson Interferometer | p. 293 |
Polarization | p. 294 |
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD) | p. 296 |
Scattering of Light by the Atmosphere | p. 297 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 297 |
Optical Instruments | p. 299 |
Cameras, Standard and Digital | p. 300 |
The Human Eye; Corrective Lenses | p. 302 |
The Magnifying Glass | p. 303 |
Telescopes | p. 304 |
Compound Microscope | p. 305 |
Aberrations of Lenses and Mirrors | p. 306 |
Limits of Resolution; the Raleigh Criterion | p. 308 |
Resolution of Telescopes and Microscopes; the [Lambda] Limit | p. 309 |
Resolution of the Human Eye and Useful Magnification | p. 310 |
Specialty Microscopes and Contrast | p. 310 |
X-Rays and X-Ray Diffraction | p. 311 |
X-Ray Imaging and Computerized Axial Tomography (CT Scan) | p. 313 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 314 |
Special Theory of Relativity | p. 315 |
Galilean-Newtonian Relativity | p. 315 |
Postulates of the Special Theory of Relativity | p. 317 |
Simultaneity | p. 317 |
Time Dilation and the Twin Paradox | p. 318 |
Length Contraction | p. 320 |
Four-Dimensional Space-Time | p. 321 |
Relativistic Momentum and Mass | p. 321 |
The Ultimate Speed | p. 322 |
E = mc[superscript 2]; Mass and Energy | p. 322 |
Relativistic Addition of Velocities | p. 324 |
The Impact of Special Relativity | p. 325 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 326 |
Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atoms | p. 328 |
Discovery and Properties of the Electron | p. 329 |
Planck's Quantum Hypothesis | p. 331 |
Photon Theory of Light and the Photoelectric Effect | p. 332 |
Compton Effect | p. 334 |
Photon Interactions, Pair Production | p. 335 |
Wave-Particle Duality; the Principle of Complementarity | p. 336 |
Wave Nature of Matter | p. 336 |
Electron Microscopes | p. 337 |
Early Models of the Atom | p. 338 |
Atomic Spectra: Key to the Structure of the Atom | p. 339 |
The Bohr Model | p. 340 |
de Broglie Hypothesis As Applied to Atoms | p. 344 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 345 |
Quantum Mechanics of Atoms | p. 347 |
Quantum Mechanics-A New Theory | p. 348 |
The Wave Function and Its Interpretation; the Double-Slit Experiment | p. 348 |
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle | p. 349 |
Philosophical Implications; Probability versus Determinism | p. 350 |
Quantum-Mechanical View of Atoms | p. 351 |
Quantum Mechanics of the Hydrogen Atom; Quantum Numbers | p. 351 |
Complex Atoms; the Exclusion Principle | p. 353 |
The Periodic Table of Elements | p. 353 |
X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number | p. 354 |
Fluorescence and Phosphorescence | p. 355 |
Lasers | p. 356 |
Holography | p. 358 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 359 |
Molecules and Solids | p. 360 |
Bonding in Molecules | p. 360 |
Potential Energy Diagrams for Molecules | p. 362 |
Weak (van der Waals) Bonds | p. 363 |
Molecular Spectra | p. 364 |
Bonding in Solids | p. 366 |
Band Theory of Solids | p. 367 |
Semiconductors and Doping | p. 368 |
Semiconductor Diodes | p. 369 |
Transistors and Integrated Circuits | p. 372 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 373 |
Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity | p. 374 |
Structure and Properties of the Nucleus | p. 375 |
Binding Energy and Nuclear Forces | p. 376 |
Radioactivity | p. 378 |
Alpha Decay | p. 378 |
Beta Decay | p. 379 |
Gamma Decay | p. 381 |
Conservation of Nucleon Number and Other Conservation Laws | p. 381 |
Half-Life and Rate of Decay | p. 381 |
Calculations Involving Decay Rates and Half-Life | p. 382 |
Decay Series | p. 382 |
Radioactive Dating | p. 383 |
Stability and Tunneling | p. 383 |
Detection of Radiation | p. 384 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 386 |
Nuclear Energy; Effects and Uses of Radiation | p. 388 |
Nuclear Reactions and the Transmutation of Elements | p. 389 |
Nuclear Fission; Nuclear Reactors | p. 390 |
Fusion | p. 392 |
Passage of Radiation Through Matter; Radiation Damage | p. 394 |
Measurement of Radiation-Dosimetry | p. 395 |
Radiation Therapy | p. 396 |
Tracers and Imaging in Research and Medicine | p. 397 |
Emission Tomography | p. 397 |
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | p. 398 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 400 |
Elementary Particles | p. 401 |
High Energy Particles and Accelerators | p. 401 |
Beginnings of Elementary Particle Physics-Particle Exchange | p. 404 |
Particles and Antiparticles | p. 406 |
Particle Interactions and Conservation Laws | p. 407 |
Particle Classification | p. 408 |
Particle Stability and Resonances | p. 408 |
Strange Particles | p. 409 |
Quarks | p. 409 |
The "Standard Model": Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and the Electroweak Theory | p. 410 |
Grand Unified Theories | p. 411 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 413 |
Astrophysics and Cosmology | p. 414 |
Stars and Galaxies | p. 415 |
Stellar Evolution: The Birth and Death of Stars | p. 416 |
Distance Measurements | p. 419 |
General Relativity: Gravity and the Curvature of Space | p. 419 |
The Expanding Universe: Red Shift and Hubble's Law | p. 422 |
The Big Bang and the Cosmic Microwave Background | p. 423 |
The Standard Cosmological Model: The Early History of the Universe | p. 424 |
Mass-Energy in the Universe; Dark Matter and Dark Energy | p. 426 |
Large-Scale Structure of the Universe | p. 427 |
Finally... | p. 427 |
Suggestions for Solving Problems | p. 428 |
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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.