Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Volume I

by Giancoli, Douglas C.

• ISBN13: 9780130215185
• ISBN10: 013021518X
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-01-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

Physics for Scientists and Engineers combines outstanding pedagogy with a clear and direct narrative and applications that draw the reader into the physics. The new edition features an unrivaled suite of media and on-line resources that enhance the understanding of physics. Many new topics have been incorporated such as: the Otto cycle, lens combinations, three-phase alternating current, and many more. New developments and discoveries in physics have been added including the Hubble space telescope, age and inflation of the universe, and distant planets. Modern physics topics are often discussed within the framework of classical physics where appropriate. For scientists and engineers who are interested in learning physics.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
Supplements	xxviii
Notes to Students and Instructors on the Format.	xxx
Use of Color	xxxi
Introduction, Measurement, Estimating	1	(15)
The Nature of Science	2	(1)
Models, Theories, and Laws	3	(1)
Measurement and Uncertainty; Significant Figures	4	(2)
Units, Standards, and the SI System	6	(2)
Converting Units	8	(1)
Order of Magnitude: Rapid Estimating	9	(3)
Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis	12	(4)
Summary	13	(1)
Questions	13	(1)
Problems	14	(1)
General Problems	15	(1)
Describing Motion: Kinematics in One Dimension	16	(29)
Reference Frames and Displacement	17	(1)
Average Velocity	18	(2)
Instantaneous Velocity	20	(3)
Acceleration	23	(3)
Motion at Constant Acceleration	26	(2)
Solving Problems	28	(3)
Falling Objects	31	(5)
Use of Calculus; Variable Acceleration	36	(9)
Summary	38	(1)
Questions	38	(1)
Problems	39	(3)
General Problems	42	(3)
Kinematics in Two Dimensions; Vectors	45	(32)
Vectors and Scalars	45	(1)
Addition of Vectors---Graphical Methods	46	(2)
Subtraction of Vectors, and Multiplication of a Vector by a Scalar	48	(1)
Adding Vectors by Components	48	(4)
Unit Vectors	52	(1)
Vector Kinematics	53	(2)
Projectile Motion	55	(3)
Solving Problems in Projectile Motion	58	(5)
Uniform Circular Motion	63	(3)
Relative Velocity	66	(11)
Summary	68	(1)
Questions	69	(1)
Problems	70	(4)
General Problems	74	(3)
Dynamics: Newton's Laws of Motion	77	(29)
Force	77	(1)
Newton's First Law of Motion	78	(1)
Mass	79	(1)
Newton's Second Law of Motion	80	(2)
Newton's Third Law of Motion	82	(3)
Weight---the Force of Gravity; and the Normal Force	85	(3)
Solving Problems with Newton's Laws: Free-Body Diagrams	88	(8)
Problem Solving---A General Approach	96	(10)
Summary	97	(1)
Questions	97	(1)
Problems	98	(5)
General Problems	103	(3)
Further Applications of Newton's Laws	106	(27)
Applications of Newton's Laws Involving Friction	106	(8)
Dynamics of Uniform Circular Motion	114	(4)
Highway Curves, Banked and Unbanked	118	(3)
Nonuniform Circular Motion	121	(1)
Velocity-Dependent Forces; Terminal Velocity	122	(11)
Summary	124	(1)
Questions	124	(1)
Problems	125	(4)
General Problems	129	(4)
Gravitation and Newton's Synthesis	133	(22)
Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation	133	(3)
Vector Form of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation	136	(1)
Gravity Near the Earth's Surface; Geophysical Applications	137	(2)
Satellites and ``Weightlessness''	139	(4)
Kepler's Laws and Newton's Synthesis	143	(3)
Gravitational Field	146	(1)
Types of Forces in Nature	147	(1)
Gravitational Versus Inertial Mass; the Principle of Equivalence	148	(1)
Gravitation as Curvature of Space; Black Holes	149	(6)
Summary	150	(1)
Questions	150	(1)
Problems	151	(2)
General Problems	153	(2)
Work And Energy	155	(21)
Work Done by a Constant Force	156	(3)
Scalar Product of Two Vectors	159	(2)
Work Done by a Varying Force	161	(3)
Kinetic Energy and the Work-Energy Principle	164	(5)
Kinetic Energy at Very High Speed	169	(7)
Summary	170	(1)
Questions	170	(1)
Problems	171	(3)
General Problems	174	(2)
Conservation of Energy	176	(30)
Conservative and Nonconservative Forces	177	(1)
Potential Energy	178	(4)
Mechanical Energy and Its Conservation	182	(2)
Problem Solving Using Conservation of Mechanical Energy	184	(5)
The Law of Conservation of Energy	189	(1)
Energy Conservation with Dissipative Forces: Solving Problems	190	(2)
Gravitational Potential Energy and Escape Velocity	192	(3)
Power	195	(2)
Potential Energy Diagrams; Stable and Unstable Equilibrium	197	(9)
Summary	198	(1)
Questions	199	(1)
Problems	200	(4)
General Problems	204	(2)
Linear Momentum and Collisions	206	(33)
Momentum and Its Relation to Force	206	(2)
Conservation of Momentum	208	(3)
Collisions and Impulse	211	(3)
Conservation of Energy and Momentum in Collisions	214	(1)
Elastic Collisions in One Dimension	214	(3)
Inelastic Collisions	217	(2)
Collisions in Two or Three Dimensions	219	(2)
Center of Mass (CM)	221	(4)
Center of Mass and Translational Motion	225	(2)
Systems of Variable Mass; Rocket Propulsion	227	(12)
Summary	230	(1)
Questions	230	(1)
Problems	231	(5)
General Problems	236	(3)
Rotational Motion about a Fixed Axis	239	(40)
Angular Quantities	240	(3)
Kinematic Equations for Uniformly Accelerated Rotational Motion	243	(1)
Rolling Motion (without Slipping)	244	(2)
Vector Nature of Angular Quantities	246	(1)
Torque	247	(2)
Rotational Dynamics; Torque and Rotational Inertia	249	(1)
Solving Problems in Rotational Dynamics	250	(4)
Determining Moments of Inertia	254	(2)
Angular Momentum and Its Conservation	256	(4)
Rotational Kinetic Energy	260	(2)
Rotational Plus Translational Motion; Rolling	262	(6)
Why Does a Rolling Sphere Slow Down?	268	(11)
Summary	268	(1)
Questions	269	(1)
Problems	270	(6)
General Problems	276	(3)
General Rotation	279	(21)
Vector Cross Product	279	(1)
The Torque Vector	280	(1)
Angular Momentum of a Praticle	281	(2)
Angular Momentum and Torque for a System of Particles; General Motion	283	(2)
Angular Momentum and Torque for A Rigid Body	285	(2)
Rotational Imbalance	287	(1)
Conservation of Angular Momentum	288	(2)
The Spinning Top	290	(1)
Rotating Frames of Reference; Inertial Forces	291	(1)
The Coriolis Effect	292	(8)
Summary	294	(1)
Questions	294	(1)
Problems	295	(3)
General Problems	298	(2)
Static Equilibrium; Elasticity and Fracture	300	(32)
Statics---The Study of Forces in Equilibrium	300	(1)
The Conditions for Equilibrium	301	(2)
Solving Statics Problems	303	(5)
Stability and Balance	308	(1)
Elasticity; Stress and Strain	309	(3)
Fracture	312	(3)
Trusses and Bridges	315	(4)
Arches and Domes	319	(13)
Summary	321	(1)
Questions	321	(1)
Problems	322	(6)
General Problems	328	(4)
Fluids	332	(30)
Density and Specific Gravity	332	(1)
Pressure in Fluids	333	(4)
Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure	337	(1)
Pascal's Principle	337	(1)
Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer	338	(2)
Buoyancy and Archimedes's Principle	340	(3)
Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity	343	(2)
Bernoulli's Equation	345	(2)
Applications of Bernoulli's Principle: From Torricelli to Sailboats Airfoils and TIA	347	(3)
Viscosity	350	(1)
Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille's Equation	351	(1)
Surface Tension and Capillarity	351	(2)
Pumps	353	(9)
Summary	354	(1)
Questions	354	(2)
Problems	356	(4)
General Problems	360	(2)
Oscillations	362	(26)
Oscillations of a Spring	363	(1)
Simple Harmonic Motion	364	(5)
Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator	369	(2)
Simple Harmonic Motion Related to Uniform Circular Motion	371	(1)
The Simple Pendulum	371	(2)
Physical Pendulum and Torsion Pendulum	373	(1)
Damped Harmonic Motion	374	(4)
Forced Vibrations; Resonance	378	(10)
Summary	380	(1)
Questions	381	(1)
Problems	381	(5)
General Problems	386	(2)
Wave Motion	388	(29)
Characteristics of Wave Motion	389	(2)
Wave Types	391	(4)
Energy Transported by Waves	395	(1)
Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave	396	(3)
The Wave Equation	399	(2)
The Principle of Superposition	401	(1)
Reflection and Transmission	402	(2)
Interference	404	(1)
Standing Waves; Resonance	405	(3)
Refraction	408	(2)
Diffraction	410	(7)
Summary	410	(1)
Questions	411	(1)
Problems	412	(3)
General Problems	415	(2)
Sound	417	(28)
Characteristics of Sound	417	(2)
Mathematical Representation of Longitudinal Waves	419	(1)
Intensity of Sound; Decibels	420	(4)
Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns	424	(5)
Quality of Sound and Noise	429	(1)
Interference of Sound Waves; Beats	429	(3)
Doppler Effect	432	(3)
Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom	435	(2)
Applications; Ultrasound and Ultrasound Imaging	437	(8)
Summary	438	(1)
Questions	438	(1)
Problems	439	(4)
General Problems	443	(2)
Temperature Thermal Expansion and the Ideal Gas Law	445	(21)
Atomic Theory of Matter	446	(1)
Temperature and Thermometers	447	(2)
Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics	449	(1)
Thermal Expansion	450	(4)
Thermal Stresses	454	(1)
The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature	454	(2)
The Ideal Gas Law	456	(1)
Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law	457	(2)
Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro's Number	459	(1)
Ideal Gas Temperature Scale---A Standard	460	(6)
Summary	461	(1)
Questions	461	(1)
Problems	462	(2)
General Problems	464	(2)
Kinetic Theory of Gases	466	(19)
The Ideal Gas Law and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature	466	(4)
Distribution of Molecular Speeds	470	(3)
Real Gases and Changes of Phase	473	(1)
Vapor Pressure and Humidity	474	(3)
Van der Waals Equation of State	477	(1)
Mean Free Path	478	(1)
Diffusion	479	(6)
Summary	481	(1)
Questions	481	(1)
Problems	482	(2)
General Problems	484	(1)
Heat and the First Law of Thermodynamics	485	(31)
Heat as Energy Transfer	485	(2)
Internal Energy	487	(1)
Specific Heat	488	(1)
Calorimetry---Solving Problems	489	(1)
Latent Heat	490	(3)
The First Law of Thermodynamics	493	(2)
Applying the First Law of Thermodynamics; Calculating the Work	495	(3)
Molar Specific Heats for Gases and the Equipartition of Energy	498	(4)
Adiabatic Expansion of a Gas	502	(1)
Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation	503	(13)
Summary	508	(1)
Questions	509	(1)
Problems	510	(4)
General Problems	514	(2)
Second Law of Thermodynamics; Heat Engines	516
The Second Law of Thermodynamics---Introduction	516	(1)
Heat Engines	517	(3)
Reversible and Irreversible Processes; The Carnot Engine	520	(5)
Refrigerators, Air Conditioners, and Heat Pumps	525	(3)
Entropy	528	(1)
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics	529	(4)
Order to Disorder	533	(1)
Energy Availability; Heat Death	534	(1)
Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law	535	(2)
Thermodynamic Temperature Scale; Absolute Zero and the Third Law of Thermodynamics	537
Summary	539	(1)
Questions	539	(1)
Problems	540	(3)
General Problems	543
Appendices
A. Mathematical Formulas	A-1	(1)
B. Derivatives and Integrals	A-4	(1)
C. Gravitational Force Due to a Spherical Mass Distribution	A-6	(1)
D. Selected Isotopes	A-9	(1)
Answers to odd-numbered problems	A-14	(1)
Index	A-24	(1)
Photo Credits	A-32