The Physics of Solids

by Turton, Richard John

• ISBN13: 9780198503521
• ISBN10: 0198503520
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-06-22
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

It covers all of the standard topics in solid state physics, i.e. crystal structure, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and magnetic properties, metals, semiconductors, dielectrics, superconductors and amorphous solids, and also includes an introductory chapter on chemical bonds and a chapter on polymers. The text is largely non-mathematical, but questions are integrated into the text to encourage readers to tackle the problem-solving aspects of the subject. Worked examples and a complete set of detailed solutions are included. More challenging topics (either mathematically or conceptually more difficult) are treated in optional sections.

Table of Contents

Table of physical constants	xii
Bonds between atoms	1	(36)
Introduction	1	(2)
Bohr's model of the atom	3	(3)
Pauli's exclusion principle and the shell model of the atom	6	(5)
Atoms in solids	11	(2)
Ionic bonding	13	(3)
The repulsive force	16	(3)
Metallic bonding	19	(3)
The covalent bond	22	(5)
Bonds between molecules	27	(4)
The relationship between the type of bond and the physical properties of a solid	31	(3)
Summary	34	(3)
Questions	35	(2)
Crystals and crystalline solids	37	(27)
Introduction	37	(3)
Close-packed structures	40	(8)
Non-close-packed structures	48	(1)
The crystal lattice	49	(2)
Labelling crystal planes	51	(2)
X-ray diffraction	53	(4)
Electron microscopes	57	(2)
Allotropic phase transitions-changing the crystal structure	59	(1)
Summary	60	(4)
Questions	62	(2)
Mechanical properties of solids	64	(23)
Introduction	64	(1)
Elastic deformation-macroscopic approach	65	(4)
Elastic deformation-microscopic approach	69	(3)
The elastic limit	72	(3)
Dislocations	75	(3)
Plastic deformation	78	(2)
Brittle fracture	80	(3)
Brittle or ductile?	83	(1)
Summary	84	(3)
Questions	85	(2)
Electrical properties of metals	87	(30)
Introduction	87	(1)
Drude's classical theory of electrical conduction	87	(5)
Failures of the classical model	92	(3)
Bloch's quantum theory of electrical conduction	95	(2)
Band theory of solids	97	(4)
Distribution of the electrons between the energy states-the Fermi-Dirac distribution	101	(2)
The density of states	103	(1)
The free electron model*	104	(6)
The density of occupied states	110	(1)
Band theory of electrical conduction	111	(2)
Summary	113	(4)
Questions	114	(3)
Semiconductors	117	(34)
Introduction	117	(1)
Band theory of solids-again	118	(3)
The difference between insulators and semiconductors	121	(3)
Holes	124	(2)
Optical properties of semiconductors	126	(1)
The effective mass	127	(2)
n-type semiconductors	129	(7)
p-type semiconductors	136	(1)
Majority and minority carriers	137	(1)
The Hall effect	138	(4)
The free electron model applied to semiconductors*	142	(5)
Summary	147	(4)
Questions	148	(3)
Semiconductor devices	151	(32)
Introduction	151	(1)
Junctions between two metals-the contact potential	151	(2)
The p-n junction-a qualitative description	153	(1)
The p-n junction-a quantitative analysis*	154	(6)
the p-n junction with an applied voltage-qualitative	160	(2)
The p-n junction with an applied voltage-quantitative	162	(3)
Transistors-an introduction	165	(1)
Bipolar transistors	165	(2)
The field-effect transistor	167	(3)
The integrated circuit	170	(4)
Heterojunctions	174	(3)
Optoelectronic devices	177	(3)
Summary	180	(3)
Questions	180	(3)
Thermal properties	183	(28)
Introduction	183	(1)
Thermal vibrations of the atoms	184	(3)
Thermal expansion	187	(3)
Heat capacity-a classical approach	190	(2)
Heat capacity-the Einstein model	192	(5)
Heat capacity-the Debye model*	197	(3)
Heat capacity of the electrons*	200	(3)
Thermal conduction	203	(4)
Summary	207	(4)
Questions	208	(3)
Magnetic properties	211	(35)
Introduction	211	(1)
Macroscopic magnetic quantities	212	(1)
Atomic magnets	213	(2)
Which materials have a magnetic moment?	215	(2)
Pauli paramagnetism*	217	(4)
Curie paramagnetism	221	(4)
Ordered magnetic materials	225	(4)
Temperature dependence of permanent magnets	229	(1)
Band theory of ferromagnetism*	230	(3)
Ferromagnetic domains	233	(4)
Soft and hard magnets	237	(3)
Applications of magnetic materials for information storage	240	(2)
Summary	242	(4)
Questions	243	(3)
Superconductivity	246	(33)
Introduction	246	(1)
The discovery of superconductivity	247	(2)
Is the resistivity of a superconductor zero, or just very small?	249	(2)
The Meissner effect	251	(3)
Type II superconductors	254	(4)
How do superconductors superconduct?	258	(7)
Type I or type II?	265	(4)
High-temperature superconductors	269	(3)
Superconducting magnets	272	(1)
SQUID magnetometers*	273	(2)
Summary	275	(4)
Questions	276	(3)
Dielectrics	279	(26)
Introduction	279	(1)
Induced polarization	280	(4)
Other polarization mechanisms	284	(2)
The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant	286	(2)
Resonant absorption and dipole relaxation	288	(5)
Impurities in dielectrics	293	(1)
Piezoeiectricity	294	(2)
Ferroelectrics	296	(3)
Dielectric breakdown	299	(1)
Summary	300	(5)
Questions	302	(3)
Crystallization and amorphous solids	305	(17)
Introduction	305	(1)
The melting point	305	(7)
Crystallization	312	(1)
Amorphous solids	313	(3)
Optical properties of amorphous solids	316	(1)
Amorphous semiconductors	317	(2)
Amorphous magnets	319	(1)
Summary	320	(2)
Questions	320	(2)
Polymers	322	(13)
Introduction	322	(1)
Elastic properties of rubber	323	(4)
The rubbery and glassy states	327	(2)
Amorphous and crystalline polymers	329	(1)
Oriented crystalline polymers	330	(2)
Conducting polymers	332	(1)
Summary	333	(2)
Questions	334	(1)
Further reading	335	(5)
Appendix A: Introduction to quantum concepts	340	(2)
Appendix B: Relationship between interatomic force and potential energy	342	(1)
Solutions to questions	343	(68)
Illustration acknowledgements	411	(2)
Index	413