Plant Anatomy An Applied Approach

by Cutler, David F.; Botha, Ted; Stevenson, Dennis Wm.

• ISBN13: 9781405126793
• ISBN10: 1405126795
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-03-17
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This indispensable textbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of all aspects of plant anatomy. Emphasizes the application of plant anatomy and its relevance to modern botanical research. Features expanded treatment on vegetative anatomy and additional material on functional anatomy. Includes a CD ROM of high quality photographs and scanning electron microscope images giving students access to the microscopic detail of plant structures essential to gaining a real understanding of the subject. Exercises for the laboratory are also included on the CD ROM making this work an indispensable resource for lectures and laboratory classes."The book is very attractively priced, benefits from many excellent colour images and extra material on the enclosed CD, and takes a practical hands-on approach that will win many friends. Plant anatomy: an applied approach deserves to do well!" (Annals of Botany, 2008)A Network version of the Virtual Plant CD-ROM that accompanies the book is available for separate purchase.To access the artwork from the book, please visit: www.blackwellpublishing.com/cutler.

Author Biography

David F. Cutler is currently an Honorary Research Fellow at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, a Visiting Professor in Botany, Reading University, and an Honorary Lecturer, Imperial College, London University. He was formerly Deputy Keeper and Head of the Plant Anatomy Section, Jodrell Laboratory, RBG Kew. He is currently President of the Linnean Society of London. His research is in pure and applied plant anatomy, including systematic anatomy of angiosperms, functional aspects of plant structure and identification of fragmentary plant material.

Ted Botha is Professor of Botany and was Head of Department at Rhodes University in Grahamstown, South Africa. His research into plant structure and function is recognized internationally as well as locally, by the National Research Foundation. He serves on the organizing committees for several international plant structure-function groups, and is a former President of The South African Association of Botany. His contribution to teaching at Rhodes University was recognized through the award of the Vice Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award in 2005.

Dennis Wm. Stevenson is currently Rupert Barneby Curator and Vice President for Botanical Science at the New York Botanical Garden. He also serves as editor of the journal Botanical Review, has published over 200 peer-reviewed papers, and edited 11 books ranging from horticulture to paleobotany to genomics. He holds adjunct faculty positions at City University of New York, Columbia University, Cornell University, New York University, and Yale University.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
Acknowledgements	p. x
Introduction	p. 1
Morphology and tissue systems: the integrated plant body	p. 4
General background	p. 4
Adaptation to aerial growth	p. 6
The systems in detail	p. 9
Meristems and meristematic growth	p. 14
Introduction	p. 14
Apical meristems	p. 15
Lateral meristems	p. 20
Practical applications and uses of meristems	p. 21
The structure of xylem and phloem	p. 28
Introduction	p. 28
The xylem	p. 28
The phloem	p. 41
Structure-function relationships in primary and secondary vascular tissues	p. 45
The root	p. 48
Introduction	p. 48
Epidermis	p. 48
Cortex	p. 49
Endodermis	p. 51
Pericycle	p. 52
Vascular system	p. 53
Lateral roots	p. 54
The stem	p. 57
Introduction	p. 57
Stems - cross-sectional appearance	p. 59
Transport phloem within the axial system	p. 64
Transport tissue - structural components	p. 66
Concluding remarks	p. 68
The leaf	p. 70
Introduction	p. 70
Leaf structure	p. 74
The epidermis	p. 76
The mesophyll	p. 93
Strengthening systems in the leaf	p. 102
The vascular system	p. 103
The phloem	p. 108
Specifics of the monocotyledonous foliage leaf	p. 111
Secretory structures	p. 118
Concluding remarks	p. 119
Flowers, fruits and seeds	p. 121
Introduction	p. 121
Vascularization	p. 121
SEM studies	p. 123
Palynology	p. 124
Embryology	p. 127
Seed and fruit histology	p. 127
Adaptive features	p. 135
Introduction	p. 135
Mechanical adaptations	p. 135
Adaptations to habitat	p. 137
Xerophytes	p. 139
Mesophytes	p. 147
Hydrophytes	p. 150
Applications	p. 152
Economic aspects of applied plant anatomy	p. 154
Introduction	p. 154
Identification and classification	p. 154
Taxonomic application	p. 155
Medicinal plants	p. 158
Food adulterants and contaminants	p. 159
Animal feeding habits	p. 162
Wood: present day	p. 163
Wood: in archaeology	p. 165
Forensic applications	p. 168
Palaeobotany	p. 169
Postscript	p. 169
Practical microtechnique	p. 170
Safety considerations	p. 170
Materials and methods	p. 170
Microscopy	p. 191
Selected study material	p. 195
Practical exercises	p. 203
Glossary	p. 242
Cited references	p. 280
Further reading	p. 282
Index	p. 287
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