Plastics : Materials and Processing

by Strong, A. Brent

• ISBN13: 9780136788225
• ISBN10: 013678822X
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-01-01
• Publisher: PRENTICE HALL

Summary

Although most introductory texts on plastics focus on either materials or on processing, this book discusses the full range of materials, processes, and performance of plastics. This well-structured approach examines materials and the effects of processing from the molecular, micro, and macro levels. While providing a fundamental overview of a broad spectrum of topics, the text's high level of detail makes it valuable as both an introductory text and a professional reference manual. This detail is accomplished without extensive mathematics, so the book can be used by technicians, plastics professionals, and engineers. The book is useful for readers who may want to acquire, improve, or refresh their knowledge of plastic materials and processing.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Plastics

Definitions of Plastics and Polymers

History of Plastics

Raw Material Supply and Pricing

Strategic Materials

Plastics Industry

Uses of Plastics in Modern Society

Case Study

The Development of Nylon

Polymeric Materials (Molecular Viewpoint)

Introduction

Fundamentals of Matter

Bonding

Basic Concepts in Organic Chemistry

Polymers

Formation of Polymers

Thermoplastics and Thermosets

Copolymers

Case Study

Modifications to Improve Teflon? Processing

Micro Structures in Polymers

Introduction

Amorphous and Crystalline

Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Thermal Transitions of Polymers

Effects of Thermal Changes on Polymers

Polymer Length

Molecular Weight

Melt Index

Shape (Steric) Effects

Case Study

Mechanical Properties of Polyethylene (PE) as Functions of Density and Melt Index

Mechanical Properties (Macro Viewpoint)

Introduction

Mechanical Properties in Solids (Elastic Behavior)

Mechanical Properties in Liquids (Viscous Flow)

Viscoelastic Materials

Plastic (High-Strain) Stress-Strain Behavior

Creep

Toughness and Impact Strength

Reinforcements

Fillers

Toughness Modifiers

Case Study

Testing of Trash Containers to Predict In-use Performance

Chemical and Physical Properties (Macro Viewpoint)

Introduction

Environmental Resistance and Weathering

Chemical Resistivity and Solubility

Permeability

Electrical Properties

Optical Properties

Flammability

Plastics Identification

Case Study

Using Carbon Black to Protect Polyethylene from UV Degradation

Designing with Plastics

Design Methodology

Layout/Drawing

Constraints

Material Choice

Prototyping

Case Study

Design of Plastic Stakes for Concrete Tilt-up Walls

Thermoplastic Materials (Commodity Plastics)

Introduction

Polyethylene (PE)

Polyethylene Copolymers

Polypropylene (PP)

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)

Polystyrene (PS)

Alloys and Blends

Case Study

Typical PVC Formulation

Thermoplastic Materials (Engineering Plastics)

Introduction

Polyamides or Nylons (PA)

Acetals or Polyoxymethylenes (POM)

Thermoplastic Polyesters (PET/PBT)

Polycarbonate (PC)

Acrylics (PAN, PMMA)

Fluoropolymers (PTFE, FEP, PFA)

High-Performance Thermoplastics

Cellulosics

Case Study

Making Nonstick Electrosurgical Blades

Thermoset Materials

Introduction

Crosslinking

Thermoset Types, General Properties, and Uses

Phenolics (PF)

Amino Plastics (UF and MF)

Polyester Thermosets (TS) or Unsaturated Polyesters (UP)

Epoxies (EP)

Thermoset Polimides

Polyurethanes (PUR)

Case Study

Thermoset Composites for Wrapping Utility Poles

Elastomeric (Rubber) Materials

Introduction

Aliphatic Thermoset Elastomers

Thermoplastic Elastomers (EPM and EPDM)

Fluoroelastomers

Silicones

Processing of Elastomers

Case Study

Elastomeric Lining for a Pump

Extrusion Process

Introduction

Equipment

Normal Operation and Control of the Process

Extrusion Problems and Troubleshooting

Material and Product Considerations

Postextrusion Forming

Coextrusion

Case Study

Extrusion

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