Police Management

by Roberg, Roy R.; Roberg, Kuykendall; Kuykendall, Jack L.; Novak, Kenneth

• ISBN13: 9781891487835
• ISBN10: 1891487833
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-03-01
• Publisher: Oxford Univ Pr

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	p. iv
Police Management: An Introduction	p. 1
Managerial Role and Organizational Environment	p. 2
Major Themes	p. 3
Management	p. 6
The Managerial Process	p. 8
Public, Private, and Police Management	p. 10
The Expectation-Integration Model	p. 11
Community Expectations	p. 12
Organizational Expectations	p. 13
Individual Expectations	p. 13
Expectation Integration	p. 13
Community-Organizational Expectations	p. 13
Output-Outcome Relationship	p. 14
Police Behavior	p. 16
Organizational-Individual Expectations	p. 17
Integrity	p. 18
Competency	p. 19
Productivity	p. 19
The Art and Science of Management	p. 19
Summary	p. 20
Discussion Questions	p. 20
Development of Management Theory	p. 23
Classical Approach	p. 24
Scientific Management	p. 24
Bureaucratic Management	p. 25
Administrative Management	p. 26
Classical Police Theory	p. 28
Human Relations Approach	p. 29
Behavioral Science Approach	p. 31
Behavioral Police Theory	p. 33
Contemporary Approaches	p. 34
Systems Theory	p. 35
Contingency Theory	p. 37
Theory Z and Quality Management	p. 38
Contemporary Police Theory	p. 40
Summary	p. 44
Discussion Questions	p. 44
Police Models and Community Policing	p. 47
Models of Policing	p. 48
The Political Model	p. 48
The Reform Model	p. 49
The Service Model: Policing in Transition	p. 51
The Community-Policing Model	p. 53
Community Policing	p. 56
Community Policing in Practice	p. 57
Neighborhood Building	p. 60
Problem-Oriented Policing	p. 62
Broken Windows Policing	p. 63
Case Studies	p. 67
Management Issues for Community Policing	p. 68
Summary	p. 71
Discussion Questions	p. 71
Organization and Group Influence	p. 75
Organization Characteristics	p. 76
Composition	p. 76
Individuals	p. 76
Groups	p. 76
Orientation	p. 82
Goals and Objectives	p. 82
Police Goals	p. 83
Measuring Goals	p. 84
Methods	p. 88
Division of Labor	p. 88
Rational Coordination	p. 89
Organization Design	p. 91
Criticisms of Classical Design	p. 93
Continued Influence of the Paramilitary Design	p. 93
Factors Affecting Design	p. 97
External Influences	p. 97
Internal Influences	p. 99
Group Influence	p. 101
Beliefs, Attitudes, and Relevant Knowledge and Skills	p. 101
Police Culture and Socialization	p. 102
Managing Group Behavior and Conflict	p. 105
Employee Organizations	p. 105
Police Unions	p. 105
Group Communication Networks	p. 108
Managing Group Conflict	p. 109
Resolving and Reducing Intergroup Conflict	p. 110
Summary	p. 112
Discussion Questions	p. 112
Selection and Diversity	p. 117
Recruitment	p. 119
Selection	p. 121
Pre-Employment Standards	p. 122
Physical and Demographic Standards	p. 123
Residency	p. 124
Education	p. 124
Background	p. 127
Psychological Condition	p. 129
Medical Condition	p. 130
Pre-Employment Testing	p. 131
Written or Cognitive Tests	p. 131
Oral Interview	p. 132
The Americans with Disabilities Act	p. 134
Cultural Diversity in Policing	p. 135
Changing Diversity in Police Organizations	p. 136
Understanding Diversity	p. 140
Summary	p. 141
Discussion Questions	p. 142
Human Resource Development	p. 147
Recruit Training	p. 147
Program Orientation	p. 148
Program Philosophy and Instructional Methods	p. 149
Course Content and Evaluation	p. 151
Community-Policing Training	p. 157
Field Training	p. 160
Performance and Evaluation	p. 165
Trends in Evaluation	p. 165
Changing Measures of Police Performance	p. 166
Problems and Issues in Evaluation	p. 170
How Evaluations Are Used	p. 171
Who Conducts Evaluations?	p. 171
Career Growth	p. 173
Advanced Training	p. 175
In-Service Training	p. 176
Specialized Training	p. 176
Promotion and Assessment Centers	p. 178
Lateral Entry	p. 179
Summary	p. 180
Discussion Questions	p. 181
Motivation and Job Design	p. 185
Motivation	p. 185
Theories of Motivation	p. 186
Content Theories	p. 186
Need Hierarchy Theory	p. 187
Two-Factor Theory	p. 188
Achievement Motivation Theory	p. 191
Process Theories	p. 192
Expectancy Theory	p. 192
Equity Theory	p. 196
Goal-Setting Theory	p. 198
Job Design	p. 199
Expanding Jobs	p. 200
Individual Differences	p. 201
Job Characteristics Model	p. 203
Job Redesign and Community Policing	p. 207
Job Fit, Satisfaction, and Patrol Work	p. 209
Summary	p. 211
Discussion Questions	p. 212
Leadership and Management	p. 217
Leadership and Related Concepts	p. 218
Influence and Authority	p. 218
Power	p. 218
Organizational Politics	p. 219
Leadership Styles	p. 221
Trait Theories	p. 221
Police-Trait Research	p. 222
Behavioral Theories	p. 223
Ohio State and University of Michigan Studies	p. 224
The Managerial Grid	p. 225
Transactional and Transformational Leaders	p. 226
Police Behavioral Research	p. 228
Situational or Contingency Theories	p. 231
Continuum Model	p. 231
Fiedler's Contingency Theory	p. 233
Path-Goal Theory	p. 234
Employee-Maturity Theory	p. 235
Police Contingency Research	p. 236
Police Leadership and Management	p. 238
Police Leadership	p. 239
Police Management	p. 240
Summary	p. 243
Discussion Questions	p. 244
Planning and Research	p. 247
Planning and Plans	p. 248
Types of Plans	p. 249
Planning Responsibilities	p. 251
Planning in Perspective	p. 252
Scientific Method and the Research Process	p. 252
Body of Knowledge	p. 253
Theories and Hypotheses	p. 254
Systematic Planning	p. 257
The Organizational Vision and Strategy	p. 257
Organizational Values	p. 259
Organization Design and Operational Plans	p. 260
Scanning, Data Gathering, and Analysis	p. 261
Identifying and Selecting and Alternative	p. 263
Plan Execution and Control	p. 264
Community Policing: The SARA Process	p. 264
Scanning to Identify Problems	p. 264
Analysis	p. 265
Response	p. 267
Assessment	p. 268
Summary	p. 268
Discussion Questions	p. 269
Control and Accountability	p. 271
Managerial Control	p. 272
Related Concepts	p. 272
Methods of Control	p. 274
Police Accountability	p. 276
Police Role	p. 276
Political Control	p. 277
Professional Control	p. 280
Administrative Control	p. 280
Internal Administrative Control	p. 281
Employee Control	p. 282
Managerial Responses to Problems	p. 284
Review of Police Behavior	p. 285
Legal Control	p. 287
Control in Community Policing	p. 287
Problem Analysis in Controlling	p. 288
Pre-Problem Solving	p. 288
Definition and Analysis	p. 289
Dimensional Analysis	p. 290
Kepner-Tregoe Problem Analysis	p. 290
Generating Ideas	p. 291
Selection and Implementation	p. 292
Summary	p. 292
Discussion Questions	p. 292
Behavior, Safety, and Stress	p. 295
Police Behavior	p. 296
Research on Police Behavior	p. 298
Perspective on Human Nature	p. 298
Role Orientation	p. 298
Legal and Departmental Restrictions	p. 298
Clientele and Selective Enforcement	p. 298
Management, Job Satisfaction, and Peer Groups	p. 299
Police Skills	p. 299
Police Discretion	p. 300
Organizational Variables	p. 301
Neighborhood Variables	p. 301
Officer Variables	p. 301
Situational Variables	p. 302
Discretion and Community Policing	p. 305
Democratic Context of Police Discretion	p. 306
Performance Categories	p. 307
Competence	p. 307
Productivity	p. 307
Integrity	p. 307
Style	p. 308
The Use of Force	p. 309
Assessing the Use of Physical Force	p. 310
Violence-Prone Officers	p. 312
Officers with Personality Disorders	p. 313
Officers with Traumatic Job-Related Experiences	p. 313
Officers with Early-Stage Career Problems	p. 313
Officers with Inappropriate Patrol Styles	p. 313
Officers with Personal Problems	p. 313
Managing the Use of Force	p. 314
Officer Safety	p. 316
Stress	p. 320
Some Sources of Stress	p. 321
Some Consequences of Stress	p. 323
Stress-Intervention Models	p. 326
Medical Model	p. 326
Organizational Health Model	p. 326
Summary	p. 328
Discussion Questions	p. 329
Use of Resources	p. 333
Police Resources	p. 334
Resource Determination	p. 334
Resource Allocation	p. 335
Purpose	p. 335
Process	p. 337
Time and Area	p. 339
Community Policing and Crime	p. 341
Community Crime Prevention	p. 341
Situational Crime Prevention	p. 341
Developmental Crime Prevention	p. 342
Public Health and Crime Prevention	p. 342
Patrol and Investigations	p. 343
Using Police Strategies	p. 343
Mobility	p. 345
Police Effectiveness: Research Findings	p. 346
What Works or Is Promising	p. 346
Presence Strategy (Patrol)	p. 346
Law Enforcement Strategy	p. 346
Education and Community Building Strategies	p. 347
Combined Operational Strategies	p. 347
What Does Not Work	p. 347
Summary	p. 348
Discussion Questions	p. 349
Civil Liability	p. 353
Understanding Civil Liability	p. 353
Costs of Liability in Policing	p. 355
Avenues of Liability	p. 357
Civil Liability in State Courts	p. 357
Intentional Torts	p. 357
Negligent Torts	p. 359
Civil Liability in Federal Courts	p. 360
Color of Law	p. 360
Violations of Constitutional or Federally Protected Rights	p. 361
Municipal Liability Under [section]1983	p. 363
Defenses to [section]1983	p. 363
Liability of Police Managers	p. 364
Emerging Liability Issues for the Twenty-First Century	p. 366
Encounters With Citizens	p. 366
Vehicle Pursuits and Negligent Operation of an Emergency Vehicle	p. 367
Racial Profiling	p. 368
Questioning Suspects	p. 369
Community Policing	p. 370
Impact on Officers	p. 372
Managing Risk	p. 374
Summary	p. 376
Discussion Questions	p. 376
Organization Change and Development	p. 379
Organization Change	p. 380
Resistance to Change	p. 380
Inertia	p. 380
Misunderstandings	p. 381
Reducing Resistance	p. 384
Sharing Expectations	p. 384
Avoiding Coercive Tactics	p. 385
Using Group Decision Making	p. 385
Making Changes Tentative	p. 386
Pace of Change	p. 386
Overcoming Resistance to Change: The Madison Experience	p. 387
Obstacles to Change Outside of Management's Control	p. 389
Planning for Large-Scale Change: The Chicago Experience	p. 391
Laying the Foundation	p. 391
Key Elements of Change	p. 392
Results in Chicago	p. 395
Lessons Learned From Madison and Chicago	p. 396
Innovation	p. 397
Rules for Stifling Innovation	p. 398
Successful Police Innovation	p. 399
Organization Development	p. 401
The Role of Change Agents	p. 402
External Agents	p. 402
Internal Agents	p. 403
External-Internal Combination	p. 403
OD Intervention Strategies	p. 403
Intervention Depth	p. 404
OD Strategies and Intervention Depth	p. 404
Summary	p. 410
Discussion Questions	p. 410
Police Management: Challenges Ahead	p. 413
Adaptable Police Agencies	p. 413
Core Organization Problems: Back to the Future	p. 415
Obstacles to Change: Lessons Learned	p. 417
Police Departments as Learning Organizations	p. 422
Managing Change and Adaptability	p. 425
Epilogue: September 11th, 2001	p. 426
Summary	p. 427
Discussion Questions	p. 428
Author Index	p. 431
Subject Index	p. 437
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.