Police-Community Relations and the Administration of Justice

by Hunter, Ronald D.; Mayhall, Pamela D.; Barker, Thomas

• ISBN13: 9780130209979
• ISBN10: 013020997X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

For one/two-semester courses on Police/Community Relations, Police and Society, Policing within American Society, or Issues in Policing in two- and four-year and proprietary schools. Substantiveyet accessiblethis overview of police-community relations focuses on the importance of, and strategies for, positive interaction in dealing with the many turbulent issues which affect crime control in America today. It addresses a challenge that all criminal justice practitionerspolice, courts, and correctionsmust confront...the development and maintenance of meaningful relationships with one another and with the citizens they serve.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Police-Community Relations: An Overview	1	(21)
The Police-Community Environment	2	(1)
Defining Police-Community Relations	3	(1)
Acceptance of the Concept of Police-Community Relations	4	(1)
Acceptance as a Sign of Progress	4	(1)
Tight Finances and Their Effects	4	(1)
A Historical Perspective	5	(7)
Internalizing Community Relations	12	(2)
Systems and Communities	14	(2)
The Many Communities in Community Relations	16	(6)
Public Relations and Community Relations: A Contrast	22	(30)
Public Relations and/or Community Relations?	23	(2)
Common Framework for Analyzing Community and Public Relations	25	(3)
Processes Involved in the Activity	28	(2)
Citizen Involvement	30	(4)
Program Examples	34	(18)
Community Policing	52	(29)
The Police in the United States	53	(1)
The Evolution of Police Service Models	53	(5)
The Development of Community Police Models	58	(5)
The Current Status of Community Policing	63	(3)
Community Policing Applications	66	(4)
Recommendations for Implementing Community Policing	70	(11)
The Public and the Police: A Consortium of Communities	81	(18)
The External Communities	82	(9)
The Internal Communities	91	(8)
Relations within the Police Organization	99	(22)
Life Inside a Police Organization	100	(1)
The Formal Organization	100	(3)
Organizational Units	103	(4)
The Informal Organization	107	(1)
Police Organizational Considerations	108	(4)
Dealing with Other Employees	112	(9)
Police Role Concept in a Changing Society	121	(28)
Great Expectations	122	(1)
Perception	123	(5)
Role Concept	128	(1)
The Police Officer's Roles	128	(2)
Police Role Conflict	130	(3)
Formation of Role Concepts	133	(1)
The Media and Role Concepts	134	(1)
Factors and Conditions of Change	135	(3)
The Paradoxes of Police Practice	138	(1)
Community Relations: Residue from the Past	139	(1)
Toward a Realistic Role Concept	139	(1)
Toward a Congruent Role	140	(1)
Elements of Change	141	(1)
Criteria for Change	142	(1)
Police in a Changing Society	143	(6)
Coping with the Human Experience of Being a Cop	149	(21)
Change and the Police	150	(1)
What Policing Does to the Police	150	(2)
The Social Hazards of Policing	152	(3)
Health Hazards	155	(6)
Coping with Being a Cop	161	(9)
The Communication Process	170	(28)
Communication in Action	171	(1)
The Process of Communication	172	(2)
Modes of Interpersonal Communication	174	(1)
Verbal and Paralanguage Cues	175	(3)
Kinesics and Proxemics Cues	178	(4)
Symbolic Cues	182	(1)
Official Communication	183	(1)
Achieving Effective Communication	183	(1)
Effective Listening	183	(2)
The Empathetic Quality	185	(1)
Blocks to Effective Communication	186	(5)
Strategies of Change	191	(7)
Police Discretion and Community Relations	198	(26)
The Role of Discretion in the System	199	(1)
The Nature of Selective and Discriminatory Enforcement	200	(3)
Factors Influencing Decision Making at an Administrative Level	203	(2)
Factors Influencing Decision Making at an Operational Level	205	(2)
Justifications for Selective Enforcement	207	(5)
The Question of Professionalism	212	(1)
Legal Authority for Selective Enforcement	212	(3)
Writs of Mandamus	215	(1)
Dangers of Selective Enforcement Without Appropriate Guidelines	215	(1)
Strategies for Structuring Police Discretion	216	(2)
Looking Toward Tomorrow	218	(6)
The Media Link	224	(31)
Massive Media Impact	225	(1)
A Community Relations Context	225	(1)
A Commitment to Crime Coverage	225	(2)
Exploitation of Crime News	227	(1)
Public Reaction to Media Coverage	228	(1)
Conflict Between Media and Police	229	(2)
A Clear Need for Guidelines	231	(9)
Setting Guidelines	240	(5)
Ongoing Problems	245	(1)
Strategies for the Future	245	(3)
New Mutual Goals	248	(7)
Special Populations and the Police	255	(30)
Special Problems for Police	256	(1)
Understanding the Young	257	(3)
Understanding the Elderly	260	(3)
Understanding the Disabled	263	(5)
Youth, the Elderly, and the Disabled: Some Shared Problems	268	(8)
The Contrasts Between Youth, the Elderly, and the Disabled	276	(1)
The Problems with Programs	276	(1)
A New Approach	277	(8)
Community Relations in the Context of Culture	285	(32)
The Cultural Context of Community Relations	286	(5)
Cross-Cultural Factors	291	(17)
Improving Community Relations in the Context of Culture	308	(9)
The Dilemmas of Dissent and Political Response	317	(27)
Dissent: The ``Catalyst of Progress''	318	(5)
Arenas for Dissent	323	(4)
Strategies of Dissent and Response	327	(5)
Escalation and De-escalation of Conflict	332	(2)
Outcomes	334	(1)
Perceived Instruments of Power	335	(9)
Conflict Management	344	(17)
Maintaining an Orderly Community	345	(1)
Hostage Negotiation	346	(1)
A Broader Concept	347	(8)
Conflict Intervention at the Community Level	355	(6)
Community Control: A Continuum of Participation	361	(17)
The Concept of Community Control	362	(2)
Development of Community Control	364	(3)
Two Types of Community Control	367	(11)
Epilogue: Police-Community Relations: A Perspective	378	(1)
Appendix: Case Studies	379	(5)
Amendments to the Constitution of the United States	384	(7)
Index	391