Politics And Culture In The Developing World

by Payne, Richard J.; Nassar, Jamal R.

• ISBN13: 9780321209504
• ISBN10: 0321209508
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

This comprehensive introduction focuses on the effects of globalization to tie concepts together for students and show them how the fates of developing nations and developed nations are intertwined. This new edition features an expanded focus on globalization, a student-friendly design, and all material has been updated to reflect the most recent world events.

Table of Contents

List of Boxes	vii
List of Tables	ix
Preface	xi
PART 1 Living in a Global Community
Government, Politics, and Cultures in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America	1	(26)
Introduction	1	(1)
What Is Globalization?	2	(1)
What Is Politics?	2	(2)
What Is Government?	4	(1)
Forms of Government	5	(2)
What Is Culture?	7	(1)
What Is a State?	8	(1)
What Is a Nation?	9	(1)
Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East	10	(17)
Africa	11	(3)
Asia	14	(2)
Latin America	16	(3)
The Middle East	19	(8)
Religion and Politics	27	(27)
Introduction	28	(1)
Islam	28	(10)
The Teachings of Islam	30	(1)
Islam and Politics	31	(3)
Iran	34	(4)
Hinduism	38	(4)
Hinduism and Indian Politics	41	(1)
Buddhism	42	(4)
Buddhism and Politics	44	(1)
Sri Lanka	44	(2)
Christianity in Africa, Asia, and Latin America	46	(8)
Haiti	48	(6)
Nationalism, Colonialism, and Independence	54	(20)
Introduction	54	(1)
What Is Nationalism?	55	(4)
Consequences of Nationalism	57	(2)
Colonialism	59	(2)
The Struggle for National Liberation	61	(13)
India	61	(4)
Algeria	65	(1)
Ghana	66	(3)
Brazil	69	(5)
Global and Domestic Inequalities	74	(25)
Introduction	74	(1)
Growing Inequality Between North and South	75	(24)
Enduring Poverty in the South	78	(5)
Economic Inequalities Within Rich Countries	83	(2)
Regional Inequalities	85	(1)
The Gulf Between Rich and Poor in the South	86	(3)
The Causes of Inequality Between North and South	89	(3)
Narrowing the Gaps	92	(7)
Global Interdependence	99	(18)
Introduction	99	(1)
The Global Reality	100	(3)
Global Interdependence and Your Life	103	(1)
Economic Interdependence	104	(2)
Environmental Interdependence	106	(1)
Cultural Interdependence	107	(3)
Globalization	110	(2)
Terrorism and Globalization	112	(5)
PART 2 Challenges of Development in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and Latin America
Challenges of Development	117	(31)
Introduction	117	(1)
What Is Development?	118	(3)
The Role of Government in Development	121	(2)
The Classical Economic Model and Free-Market Capitalism	121	(1)
State Capitalism	122	(1)
Theories of Development	123	(6)
Modernization Theory or Developmentalism	124	(1)
Marxist Theory	125	(1)
Dependency Theory	126	(1)
Third World and African Socialism	127	(1)
Community and Grassroots Development	128	(1)
Feminist Theory	128	(1)
Sustainable Development	128	(1)
Factors Facilitating and Impeding Development	129	(19)
Values of the Leaders and Citizens	129	(1)
Natural Resources and Natural Disasters	130	(1)
The International and Regional Economic Environment	131	(1)
Population	132	(4)
Education and Healthcare	136	(2)
Political Instability	138	(1)
Corruption and Economic Development	139	(2)
Debt, Foreign Aid, and Development	141	(7)
The Costs of Development	148	(29)
Introduction	148	(1)
Social and Cultural Costs of Development	149	(9)
Child Labor	153	(3)
Sweatshops	156	(2)
Economic and Political Costs of Development	158	(19)
Consumerism and Development	160	(2)
Urbanization and Development	162	(3)
The Decline of Agriculture and Economic Development	165	(1)
Environmental Costs of Development	166	(3)
Deforestation	169	(2)
Dam Construction	171	(6)
Women in the Developing World	177	(27)
Introduction	177	(1)
The Roles of Women	178	(2)
The Status of Women	180	(5)
Women and Education	185	(2)
Women in Development	187	(2)
Women in Agriculture	189	(2)
Women's Political Participation	191	(5)
Women in Turkey: A Case Study	195	(1)
Women Leaders in the Developing World	196	(2)
Empowering Women	198	(6)
Transitions to Democracy and Human Rights	204	(32)
Introduction	204	(1)
Democracy	205	(31)
Political Participation and Democratic Freedoms	210	(4)
Factors Conducive to Democracy	214	(2)
Transitions to Democracy	216	(3)
Democratic Transitions in Latin America	219	(2)
Democratic Transitions in Africa	221	(2)
Democratic Transitions in Asia	223	(3)
What Happens to Ex-Dictators?	226	(1)
Human Rights in the Developing World	227	(9)
PART 3 Leadership and Public Policy
Political Leadership	236	(20)
Introduction	236	(1)
Patriarchal Leadership	237	(1)
Military Leadership	237	(8)
Revolutionary Military Leaders: Nasser of Egypt	238	(3)
Transitional Military Leaders: The Case of Nigeria	241	(1)
Conservative Military Leaders: The Case of Chile	242	(3)
Nonmilitary Leadership	245	(11)
The Monarch as Leader: Saudi Arabia	245	(2)
Communist Leaders: The Case of Cuba's Castro	247	(3)
Leaders in Democracies: The Case of India	250	(6)
Bureaucracy	256	(15)
Introduction	256	(1)
Implementation	257	(1)
Regulation	258	(1)
The Bureaucracy in Africa, Asia, and Latin America	258	(13)
Structural Uniformity	259	(1)
Cultural Variations	259	(1)
Shortage of Skilled Staff	260	(1)
Corruption	260	(2)
Formalism	262	(1)
Operational Autonomy	262	(1)
Bureaucracy in the People's Republic of China	263	(1)
Bureaucracy in Mexico	264	(1)
Bureaucracy in South Africa	265	(1)
Bureaucracy in Egypt	266	(5)
PART 4 Ethnic Conflicts, Migration, and International Relations
Ethnicity, Ethnic Conflict, and Conflict Resolution	271	(36)
Introduction	272	(1)
Ethnicity and Ethnic Identity	272	(3)
The Causes of Ethnic Conflict	275	(3)
The Costs of Ethnic Conflict	278	(3)
Ethnic Conflicts in Africa	281	(7)
Nigeria	282	(1)
Liberia	283	(2)
The Sudan	285	(1)
Rwanda	286	(2)
Ethnic Conflicts in Asia	288	(10)
India	289	(1)
China	290	(1)
Sri Lanka	291	(3)
Indonesia and East Timor	294	(1)
East Timor	295	(1)
The Kurds	296	(2)
Ethnic Conflicts in Latin America	298	(2)
Resolving Ethnic Conflicts	300	(7)
Migration	307	(28)
Introduction	308	(1)
What Is Migration?	308	(2)
Causes of Migration	310	(1)
Push Factors	311	(6)
Palestinian Refugees	315	(2)
Pull Factors	317	(6)
Case Studies	319	(4)
The Impact of Migration on Poor Countries	323	(5)
The Impact of Migration on Rich Countries	328	(7)
Foreign Relations of the Developing Countries	335	(34)
Introduction	336	(1)
Making Foreign Policy in Developing Countries	337	(4)
The Developing World and the United States	341	(3)
Afghanistan: A Case Study	342	(2)
Economic Globalization and Foreign Policies	344	(1)
Conflict and Cooperation Among Developing Countries	345	(2)
Regional Economic and Political Integration	347	(4)
Foreign Relations of Developing Countries	351	(18)
China	351	(3)
India	354	(3)
Egypt	357	(2)
Mexico	359	(3)
Cuba	362	(7)
Glossary	369	(16)
Bibliography	385	(4)
Index	389