Power & Choice: An Introduction to Political Science with Powerweb; MP

by Shively, W. Phillips

• ISBN13: 9780072535389
• ISBN10: 0072535385
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-05-03
• Publisher: MCG

Summary

As a concise introduction to politics, Power and Choice has a comparative perspective, analyzing governmental structures around the world. The text includes country studies, a glossary, and web links to sites on the Internet for each chapter and access to PowerWeb for Political Science.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART I INTRODUCTION
Politics: Setting the Stage	2	(16)
Politics	3	(1)
Politics as the Making of Common Decisions	4	(1)
Politics as the Exercise of Power	5	(1)
Implicit and Manifest Power	6	(3)
Politics and Power	9	(1)
Power and Choice	9	(3)
Politics of the State	12	(1)
Political Science	13	(2)
The Pleasures of Politics	15	(3)
Modern Ideologies and Political Philosophy	18	(22)
American Ideologies	19	(2)
Liberalism	21	(3)
The Conservative Reaction	24	(3)
The Socialist Alternative	27	(4)
Communism and Socialism	31	(1)
Fascism	31	(1)
The Great Ideologies in the Late Twentieth Century	32	(2)
Political Philosophy in Other Historical Eras	34	(6)
PART II THE STATE AND PUBLIC POLICY
The Modem State	40	(30)
The Development of the Modern State	42	(3)
The Origin of States	45	(1)
``State,'' ``Nation,'' and the ``Nation-State''	46	(5)
Government and the State	51	(3)
Challenges to the State	54	(2)
Are States Losing Their Ability to Make Economic Policy?	56	(2)
Some Possible Alternatives	58	(2)
The West, the East, and the South	60	(10)
Example: State Building in Nigeria	62	(2)
Example: State Building in the European Union	64	(6)
Policies of the State	70	(24)
What do Governments do?	74	(3)
Defense Policy	77	(2)
Education	79	(1)
Research and Development	80	(2)
Health and Social Welfare	82	(3)
Democracy and Public Policy	85	(1)
The Place of Power in Policy Analysis	85	(9)
Example: Norway's Program to Encourage Norwegian-Language Publications	86	(1)
Example: Economic Development Compared With ``Human Development''	87	(2)
Example: Effectiveness of Educational Policies	89	(5)
Political Economy of the State	94	(31)
Political Economy	95	(1)
Economic Policy I: Economic Growth	96	(6)
Economic Policy II: Controlling Inflation and Unemployment	102	(4)
Economic Policy III: Managing Distribution to Address Inequality	106	(2)
Independent Central Banks	108	(3)
Corruption	111	(4)
Conclusion	115	(10)
Example: Political Economy of Germany	116	(3)
Example: Political Economy of Indonesia	119	(6)
Political Choices: The Problems of Justice and Efficiency	125	(21)
The Problem of Justice	125	(3)
Other Aspects of Justice: Procedural Justice	128	(3)
Efficiency	131	(3)
Modes of Decision: Incremental Versus Radical	134	(1)
Modes of Decision: Authority Versus. The Market	135	(6)
Conclusion	141	(5)
Example: Political Choice	141	(5)
PART III THE CITIZEN AND THE REGIME
Authority and Legitimacy: the State and the Citizen	146	(23)
Legitimacy and Authority	148	(1)
Sources of Legitimacy	148	(3)
The ``Democratic Citizen''	151	(2)
How well are These Requirements Met?	153	(4)
Social Capital	157	(1)
Political Culture	158	(2)
Political Socialization	160	(9)
Example: Building Authority and Legitimacy in West Germany After World War II	162	(3)
Example: Declining Democratic Legitimacy in the United States	165	(4)
Democracy and its Recent Surge in the World	169	(17)
The Wave of Democratization in the 1980s and 1990s	170	(1)
Possible Explanations	171	(1)
The End of History?	172	(2)
What Have we Learned?	174	(12)
Example: Democratization in Spain	179	(1)
Example: Fragile Democratization in Peru	180	(6)
Autocratic Government	186	(18)
Military Government	188	(3)
Why Aren't There More Military Governments?	191	(1)
One-Party States	192	(2)
``Court'' Politics	194	(1)
``Power and Choice'' Again	195	(1)
Conclusion	195	(9)
Example: Civilian Participation in Nigeria's First Military Regime	196	(1)
Example: ``Court'' Politics in Nazi Germany	197	(7)
PART IV THE APPARATUS OF GOVERNANCE
Constitutions and the Design of Government	204	(19)
Variations in Formality	205	(1)
The Virtue of Vagueness	205	(1)
Other Principles of Constitutional Design	206	(4)
The Geographic Concentration of Power	210	(1)
``Federal'' And ``Unitary'' States	211	(2)
The Distinction Between ``Unitary'' and ``Centralized'' States	213	(2)
How Much Centralization is Good?	215	(1)
``Constitutionalism''	215	(8)
Example: Constitutional Government in Great Britain	217	(3)
Example: Constitutional Government in Russia	220	(3)
Elections	223	(21)
Elections as a Means of Building Support	223	(4)
Elections as a Means of Selecting Leaders and Policies	227	(1)
Electoral Systems	227	(5)
Referendums	232	(1)
Electoral Participation	232	(2)
The Paradox of Participation	234	(2)
The Bases of Individuals' Electoral Choices	236	(8)
Example: Proportional Representation Elections in Israel	239	(2)
Example: Elections in Nigeria	241	(3)
Parties: A Linking and Leading Mechanism in Politics	244	(24)
The Political Party	244	(1)
Origins of the Modern Party	245	(1)
Political Parties and the Mobilization of the Masses	246	(1)
Political Parties and the Recruitment and Socialization of Leaders	247	(2)
Political Parties as a Source of Political Identity	249	(3)
Political Parties as a Channel of Control	252	(1)
Party Organization	253	(1)
Party Finance	254	(1)
Political Party Systems	255	(5)
Conclusion	260	(8)
Example: The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1917-1991)	261	(2)
Example: Mexico's Dominant Party System	263	(5)
Structured Conflict: Interest Groups and Politics	268	(28)
Interest Groups and Representation	270	(6)
Types of Interest Groups	276	(2)
Tactics of Interest Groups	278	(5)
Social Movements	283	(1)
Patterns of Organized Interest group Activity	284	(1)
Pluralism	285	(1)
Neocorporatism	286	(2)
Power and Choice	288	(8)
Example: Interest Groups in France	288	(3)
Example: Interest Groups in Japan: Attenuated Neocorporatism	291	(5)
National Decision-Making Institutions: Parliamentary Government	296	(20)
Cabinet Control	298	(1)
What Does a Parliament do?	299	(3)
The Life of a Member of Parliament	302	(1)
Parliamentary Committees	303	(2)
Exceptions to Parliamentary Supremacy	305	(1)
Parliaments in Autocratic Systems	305	(1)
Conclusion	306	(10)
Example: Parliamentary Government in India	307	(4)
Example: Parliamentary Government in Germany	311	(5)
National Decision-Making Institutions: Presidential Government	316	(22)
Presidential and Parliamentary Systems Compared	318	(1)
Responsibility for Policy	319	(1)
Presidential Systems and Comprehensive Policy	320	(1)
Recruitment of Executive Leaders	320	(2)
Review and Control of the Executive	322	(1)
The Split Executive of Parliamentary Systems	323	(2)
Why Aren't All Democracies Parliamentary Systems?	325	(1)
Constitutional Review and the Fragmentation of Power	326	(3)
A Note on Constitutions and Power	329	(9)
Example: Presidential Government in France	331	(3)
Example: Presidential Government in Mexico	334	(4)
Bureaucracy and the Public Sector	338	(17)
Public Administration as a Political Problem	339	(2)
Characteristics of Good Public Administration	341	(1)
``Bureaucracy'': A Reform of the Nineteenth Century	342	(1)
Bureaucracy Versus Flexibility	343	(1)
The Problem of Protected Incompetence	344	(1)
Adjustments to Bureaucracy	345	(2)
Social Representativeness of Public Administration	347	(1)
Conclusion	348	(7)
Example: The French Bureaucracy	349	(1)
Example: The Saudi Arabian Bureaucracy	350	(2)
Example: Battling the Bureaucracy in Brazil	352	(3)
Law and the Courts	355	(17)
Anglo-Saxon Case Law	355	(1)
Continental European Code Law	356	(2)
Religious Law: the Sharia	358	(2)
The Blending of Case Law and Code Law	360	(1)
Courts	361	(2)
Conclusion	363	(9)
Example: The Law in China	363	(3)
Example: The European Court of Justice	366	(6)
PART V INTERNATIONAL POLITICS
Global Politics: Politics Among States (and Others)	372	(29)
The Evolution of the International System Since World War II	372	(2)
The New World Order	374	(7)
International Politics	381	(1)
The Absence of Central Authority	382	(1)
Fiduciary Political Roles and International Morality	383	(2)
Impediments to International Communication	385	(1)
Power and International Politics	385	(3)
The Process of International Politics	388	(4)
Power and Choice in International Politics	392	(1)
Conclusion	393	(6)
Example: A Failure of the New Order: Ethnic Conflict in Rwanda	394	(3)
Example: The United Nations	397	(2)
A Personal Note	399	(2)
Appendix: Principles of Political Analysis	401	(8)
Falsifiability	401	(1)
What Makes a Statement Interesting?	402	(1)
Causation and Explanation	403	(2)
Historical Explanation	405	(1)
A Few Common Pitfalls in Analysis	406	(3)
Glossary	409	(10)
Bibliography	419	(20)
Index	439