The Practice Of Ultrasound: A Step By Step Guide to Abdominal Scanning

by Block, Berthold

• ISBN13: 9781588902801
• ISBN10: 1588902803
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-07-12
• Publisher: Thieme Medical Pub

Summary

This highly practical self-teaching guide teaches you how to perform and evaluate the ultrasound examination of the abdomen with no prior experience!Key features:- Clear and concise study units for effortless understanding from the start- Practice-oriented access to each organ (delineation, details, surroundings)- 3-D drawings for complex anatomic situations (e.g., the porta hepatis)- Image sequences for enhanced spatial understanding- Countless practical tips and tricksThis is the sure road to success. After studying this book, you will be able to:- Immediately recognize all important ultrasound phenomena, in particular, misleading artifacts- Confidently identify and delineate all upper abdominal organs,- Locate and evaluate difficult structures at a glance,- Recognize normal limits- Evaluate the most common pathologic findingsMore than 900 high-quality illustrations and step-by-step instructions guide you through all the fundamentals. As an introduction to the field or as a refresher, this systematic, hands-on guide is essential to perfecting your examination techniques for optimal patient care.

Table of Contents

General	1	(10)
How to Use This Book	1	(1)
Examination Technique and Equipment	2	(8)
Who do you examine first when learning to scan?	2	(1)
How do you adjust the ultrasound machine?	2	(2)
What can you do with the transducer?	4	(6)
Basic Physical and Technical Principles	10	(9)
Ultrasound	10	(2)
Definitions	10	(1)
Propagation of sound	10	(1)
Production and detection of ultrasound waves: the pulse-echo principle	11	(1)
Diagnostic ultrasound: propagation of ultrasound in biological tissue	11	(1)
Producing an Image	12	(2)
A-Mode	12	(1)
B-Mode	13	(1)
M-Mode	13	(1)
Artifacts	14	(5)
Noise	14	(1)
Acoustic shadowing	14	(1)
Posterior acoustic enhancement	14	(1)
Reverberations	14	(1)
Beam-width artifact	15	(1)
Side-lobe artifact	16	(1)
Mirror-image artifact	17	(1)
Lateral edge shadow	18	(1)
Blood Vessels: The Aorta and its Branches, the Vena cava and its Tributaries	19	(24)
Organ Boundaries	19	(3)
Locating the aorta and vena cava	19	(1)
Demonstrating the aorta and vena cava in their entirety	20	(2)
Organ Details	22	(6)
Demonstrating arterial and venous pulsations	22	(1)
Evaluating the vessel walls and lumina	22	(2)
Identifying and defining the branches of the aorta and vena cava	24	(4)
Anatomical Relationships	28	(15)
Relationship of the aorta and vena cava to the diaphragm, liver, and cardia	28	(1)
Area surrounding the celiac trunk and the course of the hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastric artery	29	(4)
Superior mesenteric artery, splenic vein, and renal vessels	33	(5)
Iliac vessels	38	(2)
Lymph nodes near the retroperitoneal vessels	40	(3)
Liver	43	(53)
Organ Boundaries	43	(10)
Locating the liver	43	(1)
Imaging the liver in its entirety	44	(9)
Organ Details	53	(34)
Shape	53	(1)
Size	53	(1)
Parenchymal pattern	53	(7)
Vessels of the liver	60	(2)
Division of the liver into lobes, segments, and subsegments	62	(20)
The portal vein and its branches	82	(5)
Anatomical Relationships	87	(9)
Relationship of the left portion of the liver to the heart and stomach	88	(2)
Relationship of the central portion of the liver to the vena cava, stomach, and pancreas	90	(3)
Relationship of the right portion of the liver to the gallbladder, duodenum, and kidney	93	(2)
Ascites	95	(1)
Porta hepatis	96	(10)
Organ Boundaries: Identifying the Vessels in the Porta Hepatis	97	(5)
Vena cava and portal vein	97	(1)
Hepatic artery and bile duct	98	(1)
Transverse and longitudinal survey of the porta hepatis	99	(3)
Organ Details: Details of the Vessels in the Porta Hepatis	102	(4)
Portal vein	102	(4)
Gallbladder	106	(29)
Organ Boundaries	106	(8)
Locating the gallbladder	106	(2)
Imaging the entire gallbladder	108	(3)
Variable position of the gallbladder	111	(1)
Nonvisualization of the gallbladder	111	(3)
Organ Details	114	(11)
Regions of the gallbladder	114	(1)
Size of the gallbladder	114	(2)
Variable shape of the gallbladder	116	(1)
Gallbladder wall	117	(2)
Gallbladder contents	119	(4)
Special acoustic phenomena in gallbladder scanning	123	(2)
Anatomical Relationships	125	(10)
Relationship of the gallbladder to the liver	126	(3)
Relationship of the gallbladder to the portal vein	129	(3)
Relationship of the gallbladder to the antrum, bulb, and duodenum	132	(3)
Pancreas	135	(29)
Organ Boundaries	135	(6)
Locating the pancreas	135	(3)
Imaging the entire pancreas	138	(2)
Variable shape of the pancreas	140	(1)
Organ Details	141	(8)
Pancreatic parenchyma	141	(4)
Pancreatic duct	145	(1)
Common bile duct	146	(2)
Measuring the pancreatic diameter	148	(1)
Anatomical Relationships	149	(15)
Relationships of the tail of the pancreas	149	(3)
Relationships of the body of the pancreas	152	(4)
Relationships of the head of the pancreas	156	(8)
Stomach, Duodenum, and Diaphragm	164	(14)
Organ Details	165	(1)
Stomach wall	165	(1)
Organ Boundaries and Relationships	166	(12)
Esophagus and cardia	166	(4)
Body of the stomach	170	(2)
Antrum and duodenum	172	(4)
Diaphragm	176	(2)
Spleen	178	(13)
Organ Boundaries	178	(3)
Locating the spleen	178	(1)
Imaging the entire spleen	179	(2)
Organ Details	181	(5)
Shape of the spleen	181	(1)
Determining the size of the spleen	182	(1)
Echo pattern	183	(3)
Anatomical Relationships	186	(5)
Relationship of the spleen to the pancreas, kidney, colic flexure, and stomach	187	(2)
Relationship of the spleen to the pleura	189	(2)
Kidneys	191	(39)
Organ Boundaries	191	(9)
Locating the right kidney	193	(2)
Imaging the entire right kidney	195	(2)
Locating the left kidney	197	(1)
Imaging the entire left kidney	198	(2)
Organ Details	200	(14)
Size and shape of the kidneys	200	(4)
Renal parenchyma and renal sinus	204	(10)
Anatomical Relationships of the Right Kidney	214	(12)
Relationship of the right kidney to the liver	215	(3)
Relationship of the right kidney to the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles	218	(3)
Relationship of the right kidney to the colon	221	(2)
Relationship of the right kidney to the gallbladder	223	(3)
Anatomical Relationships of the Left Kidney	226	(4)
Relationship of the left kidney to the spleen	227	(2)
Relationship of the left kidney to the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles	229	(1)
Relationship of the left kidney to the colon	229	(1)
Adrenal Glands	230	(6)
Organ Boundaries and Anatomical Relationships	231	(4)
Ultrasound morphology of the adrenal glands	231	(1)
Location of the adrenal glands	231	(1)
Right adrenal gland	232	(2)
Left adrenal gland	234	(1)
Organ Details	235	(1)
Abnormalities of the adrenal glands	235	(1)
Bladder, Prostate, and Uterus	236	(5)
Organ Boundaries and Relations	236	(4)
Bladder and prostate	236	(2)
Bladder and uterus	238	(2)
Organ Details	240	(1)
Prostate	240	(1)
Uterus	240	(1)
The Systematic Ultrasound Examination	241	(8)
Topographic Units	242	(3)
Liver	242	(1)
Gallbladder and porta hepatis	242	(1)
Right kidney	243	(1)
Left kidney and spleen	243	(1)
Epigastrium and pancreas	244	(1)
Midabdomen	244	(1)
Lower abdomen	244	(1)
Description of Findings and Nomenclature	245	(1)
Documentation	246	(3)
Written report	246	(1)
Image documentation	246	(3)
Index	249