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Table of Contents
Preface
Tab 1: Compare and Correct, Question and Correct
Compare and Correct CC1
Question and Correct QC1
Tab 2: Writing Processes
1 Thinking About Writing
a The Rhetorical Triangle
b Topic
c Audience
d Purpose
e Medium
2 Writing Processes and Strategies
a Planning
b Thesis
c Drafting
d Organizing
e Collaborating
f Revising
g Editing and Proofreading
3 Paragraphs
a Unity
b Coherence
c Development
d Introductions and Conclusions
e Patterns of Organization
4 Document Design
a Principles of Document Design
b Incorporating Visuals
c Paper Preparation
d Multimedia Presentations
e Writing for the Web
Tab 3: Writing for College and Career
5 Writing in the Disciplines
a Writing for the Sciences
b Writing for the Social Sciences
c Writing for the Humanities
d Writing Essay Exams
6 Writing About Literature
a Ways to Write about Literature
b Writing the Assignment
c Conventions in Writing about Literature
d Sample Literature Paper
7 Critical Reading, Thinking, and Arguing
a Reading Arguments Critically
b Finding an Arguable Topic
c Developing Arguments
d Recognizing and Avoiding Logical Fallacies
e Organizing Your Argument
f Sample Argument Paper
8 Visual Argument
a Similarities and Differences Between Written and Visual Arguments
b Appeals in Visual Argument
c Logical Fallacies in Visual Argument
d Creating Visual Arguments
9 Professional Writing
a Memos
Sample Memo
b E-Mail
Sample E-mail
c Business Letters
Sample Letter
d Cover Letters
Sample Cover Letter
e Résumés
Sample Résumés
10 Creating Print and Electronic Portfolios
a Developing Portfolios
b E-Portfolios
Tab 4: Revising Sentences for Accuracy, Clarity, and Variety
11 Comma Splices and Fused Sentences
a Comma Splices
b Fused or Run-On Sentences
12 Subject-Verb Agreement
a Singular and Plural Subjects
b Buried Subjects
c Compound Subjects
d Or and Either/Or in Subjects
e Clauses and Phrases as Subjects
f Indefinites as Subjects
g Collective Nouns and Amounts as Subjects
h Plural Words as Subjects
i Titles, Company Names, Words, and Quotations as Subjects
j Linking Verbs
k There (is/are), Here (is/are), and It
l Who, Which, That, and One of as Subjects
13 Sentence Fragments
a Unintentional Fragments
b Intentional Fragments
14 Dangling and Misplaced Modifiers
a Dangling Modifiers
b Misplaced Modifiers
15 Parallel Constructions
a Parallel Structure
b Faulty Parallelism
16 Consistency (Avoiding Shifts)
a Shifts in Person or Number
b Shifts in Verb Tense
c Shifts in Tone
d Shifts in Voice (Active/Passive)
e Shifts in Discourse
17 Faulty Predication
18 Coordination and Subordination
a Coordination
b Subordination
19 Sentence Clarity
a Moving from Known (Old) to Unknown (New) Information
b Using Positive Instead of Negative Statements
c Avoiding Double Negatives
d Using Verbs Instead of Nouns
e Making the Intended Subject the Sentence Subject
f Using Active Instead of Passive Voice
20 Transitions
a Repetition of a Key Term or Phrase
b Synonyms
c Pronouns
d Transitional Words and Phrases
e Transitions In and Between Paragraphs
21 Sentence Variety
a Combining Sentences
b Adding Words
c Changing Words, Phrases, and Clauses
Tab 5: Parts of Sentences
22 Verbs
a Verb Phrases
b Verb Forms
c Verb Tense
d Verb Voice (Active/Passive)
e Verb Mood
f Modal Verbs
23 Nouns and Pronouns
a Nouns
b Pronouns
24 Pronoun Case and Reference
a Pronoun Case
b Pronoun Reference
25 Adjectives and Adverbs
a Adjectives and Adverbs
b A/An/The
c Comparisons
26 Prepositions
a Common Prepositions
b Idiomatic Expressions
c Other Prepositions
27 Subjects
28 Phrases
29 Clauses
a Independent Clauses
b Dependent Clauses
30 Essential and Nonessential Clauses and Phrases
a Essential Clauses and Phrases
b Nonessential Clauses and Phrases
31 Sentences
a Sentence Purposes
b Sentence Structures
Tab 6: Style and Word Choice
32 Style Versus Grammar
33 General and Specific Language
a General Versus Specific Statements
b General Versus Specific Words
c Concrete Versus Abstract Words
34 Glossary of Usage
35 Conciseness and Wordiness
36 Passive Versus Active Voice
37 Unnecessary and Inappropriate Language
a Clichés
b Pretentious Language
c Offensive Language
38 Appropriate Language
a Standard English
b Levels of Formality
c Emphasis
d Denotation and Connotation
e Colloquialisms, Slang Terms, and Regionalisms
f Jargon and Technical Terms
39 Nonsexist Language
a Alternatives to Man
b Alternative Job Titles
c Alternatives to the Male or Female Pronoun
Tab 7: Punctuation
40 Commas
a Commas in Compound Sentences
b Commas After Introductory Words, Phrases, and Clauses
c Commas with Essential and Nonessential Words, Phrases, and Clauses
d Commas in Series and Lists
e Commas with Adjectives
f Commas with Dates, Addresses, Geographical Names, and Numbers
g Other Uses for Commas
h Unnecessary Commas
41 Apostrophes
a Apostrophes with Possessives
b Apostrophes with Contractions
c Apostrophes with Plurals
d Unnecessary Apostrophes
42 Semicolons
a Semicolons in Compound Sentences
b Semicolons in a Series
c Semicolons with Quotation Marks
d Unnecessary Semicolons
43 Colons
a Colons to Announce Elements at the End of a Sentence
b Colons to Separate Independent Clauses
c Colons to Announce Quotations
d Colons in Salutations and Between Elements
e Colons with Quotation Marks
f Unnecessary Colons
44 Quotation Marks
a Quotation Marks with Direct and Indirect Quotations
b Quotation Marks for Minor Titles and Parts of Wholes
c Quotation Marks for Words
d Use of Other Punctuation with Quotation Marks
e Unnecessary Quotation Marks
45 Hyphens
a Hyphens to Divide Words
b Hyphens to Form Compound Words
c Hyphens to Join Word Units
d Hyphens to Join Prefixes, Suffixes, and Letters to a Word
e Hyphens to Avoid Ambiguity
46 End Punctuation
a Periods
b Question Marks
c Exclamation Points
47 Other Punctuation
a Dashes
b Slashes
c Parentheses
d Brackets
e Ellipses (Omitted Words)
Tab 8: Mechanics and Spelling
48 Capitals
49 Abbreviations
a Abbreviating Numbers
b Abbreviating Titles
c Abbreviating Place Names
d Abbreviating Measurements
e Abbreviating Dates
f Abbreviating Initials Used as Names
g Abbreviating Latin Expressions
h Abbreviating Documentation
50 Numbers
51 Italics
a Italics for Titles
b Italics for Other Uses
52 Spelling
a Proofreading
b Spell-Checkers
c Some Spelling Guidelines
d Plurals
e Sound-Alike Words (Homonyms)
Tab 9: For Multilingual Writers
53 American Style in Writing
a American Style
b English Grammar vs. Grammar of Other Languages
c American English and World Englishes
d Web Sites for ESL Resources
54 Verbs
a Verbs
b Helping Verbs with Main Verbs
c Two-Word (Phrasal) Verbs
d Verbs with –ing and to+ Verb Forms
55 Omitted and Repeated Words
a Omitted Subjects
b Repeated Subjects
56 Pronouns and Adverbs
57 Count and Noncount Nouns
58 Adjectives and Adverbs
a Order of Adverbs
b Order of Adjectives
c A/An/The
d Some/Any, Much/Many, Little/Few, Less/Fewer, Enough, No
59 Prepositions
60 Idioms
Tab 10: Research
61 Finding a Topic
a Deciding on a Purpose and Audience
b Deciding on a Topic
c Narrowing the Topic
d Formulating a Research Question
e Formulating a Thesis
62 Choosing Primary and Secondary Sources
a Primary Sources
b Secondary Sources
63 Searching Libraries and Library Databases
a Libraries
b Library Databases and Subscription Services
64 Using Web Resources
a Internet Search Strategies
b Types of Internet Sources
65 Conducting Firsthand Research
a Observations
b Interviews
c Surveys
66 Evaluating Sources
a Getting Started
b Evaluating Authors’ Credibility
c Evaluating Content
d Evaluating Internet Sources
67 Collecting Information
a Keeping Notes
b Printing and Annotating Photocopies and Printouts
c Writing an Annotated Bibliography
68 Using Sources and Avoiding Plagiarism
a Understanding Plagiarism
b Documenting Sources Responsibly
c Summarizing without Plagiarism
d Paraphrasing without Plagiarism
e Using Quotation Marks to Avoid Plagiarism
f Using Signal Words and Phrases to Integrate Sources
69 Writing the Research Paper
a Getting Started
b Planning and Organizing
c Writing a Draft
d Reviewing the Draft
e Revising, Editing, and Checking the Format
Tab 11: MLA Documentation
70 Documenting in MLA Style
a In-Text Citations
b Notes
c Works Cited List
d Sample MLA-Style Research Paper
Tab 12: APA, CM, and CSE Documentation
71 Documenting in APA Style
a In-Text Citations
b Footnotes
c References List
d Sample APA-Style Research Paper
72 Chicago Manual (CM)Style
a Numbered Notes
b Author-Date Citation Format
c Bibliography Entries
73 Council of Science Editors (CSE) Style
a Name-Year Style
b Citation Sequence Style
c References List
74 Resources for Other Styles
Glossary of Grammatical Terms
Index
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