Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology

by Mesulam, M.-Marsel

• ISBN13: 9780195134759
• ISBN10: 0195134753
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-01-27
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This thoroughly revised new edition of a classic book provides a clinically inspired but scientifically guided approach to the biological foundations of human mental function in health and disease. It includes authoritative coverage of all the major areas related to behavioral neurology, neuropsychology, and neuropsychiatry. Each chapter, written by a world-renowned expert in the relevant area, provides an introductory background as well as an up-to-date review of the most recent developments. Clinical relevance is emphasized but is placed in the context of cognitive neuroscience, basic neuroscience, and functional imaging. Major cognitive domains such as frontal lobe function, attention and neglect, memory, language, prosody, complex visual processing, and object identification are reviewed in detail. A comprehensive chapter on behavioral neuroanatomy provides a background for brain-behavior interactions in the cerebral cortex, limbic system, basal ganglia, thalamus, and cerebullum. Chapters on temperolimbic epilepsy, major psychiatric syndromes, and dementia provide in-depth analyses of these neurobehavioral entities and their neurobiological coordinates. Changes for this second edition include the reflection throughout the book of the new and flourishing alliance of behavioral neurology, neuropsychology, and neuropsychiatry with cognitive science;major revision of all chapters; new authorship of those on language and memory; and the inclusion of entirely new chapters on psychiatric syndromes and the dementias. Both as a textbook and a reference work, the second edition of Principles of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology represents an invaluable resource for behavioral neurologists, neuropsychologists, neuropsychiatrists, cognitive and basic neuroscientists, geriatricians, physiatrists, and their students and trainees.

Author Biography

M.-Marsel Mesulam, M.D., is Ruth and Evelyn Dumbar Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry and Director of the Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's Disease Center at Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, IL, USA

Table of Contents

Contributors	xvii
Behavioral Neuroanatomy: Large-Scale Networks, Association Cortex, Frontal Syndromes, the Limbic System, and Hemispheric Specializations	1	(120)
M.-Marsel Mesulam
Introduction	1	(1)
Parts of the Cerebral Cortex	2	(10)
Cortical Organization, Connectivity, and Transmodal Areas	12	(5)
Functions of Individual Cortical Zones: Primary Sensory and Motor Areas	17	(4)
Functions of Modality-Specific (Unimodal) Sensory Association Areas	21	(11)
Motor Association Areas (Premotor Cortex, Supplementary Motor Area, Frontal Eye Fields)	32	(2)
Temporal Heteromodal Cortex and Agnosias---Transmodal Gateways for the Recognition of Faces, Objects, and Voices	34	(3)
Wernicke's Area as a Temporoparietal Transmodal Gateway for Language	37	(2)
Functions and Syndromes of Posterior Parietal Heteromodal Cortex	39	(2)
Prefrontal Heteromodal Cortex and Frontal Lobe Syndromes: Attention, Executive Functions, and Comportment	41	(8)
Paralimbic (Mesocortical) Areas	49	(6)
Limbic Structures of the Septal Area, Nucleus Basalis, and Piriform Cortex	55	(1)
The Amygdala, Emotion, and Affiliative Behaviors: Gateway into the Neurology of Value	56	(3)
The Hippocampus and the Binding of Distributed Information into Explicit Memory: Gateway into the Neurology of Recollection	59	(5)
The Limbic System	64	(2)
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum	66	(5)
The Thalamus	71	(5)
Channel Functions and State Functions	76	(4)
Hemispheric Specialization and Asymmetry	80	(6)
Distributed Large-Scale Networks and Their Cortical Epicenters	86	(5)
Overview and Conclusions	91	(30)
Neuropsychological Assessment of Mental State	121	(53)
Sandra Weintraub
Introduction: General Principles	121	(2)
General Strategy for the Mental-State Examination and Review of Primary Neurocognitive Domains	123	(36)
Testing the Elderly and the Diagnosis of Dementia	159	(3)
Testing Lobes and Hemispheres	162	(2)
Overview and Conclusions	164	(10)
Attentional Networks, Confusional States, and Neglect Syndromes	174	(83)
M.-Marsel Mesulam
Introduction	174	(3)
Confusional States as Disorders of the Attentional Matrix	177	(6)
Biology of the Attentional Matrix	183	(10)
Neglect Syndromes as Disorders of Spatial Attention	193	(20)
Right Hemisphere Dominance for Spatial Attention	213	(5)
Functional Anatomy of Unilateral Neglect	218	(14)
Dissociations and Subtypes---Is There Parietal Versus Frontal Neglect?	232	(1)
A Neural Network for the Distribution of Spatial Attention	233	(3)
Overlap with Other Networks: Eye Movements, Working Memory, and Temporal Expectation	236	(1)
Causes, Course, and Treatment of Unilateral Neglect and Relationship to Other Components of the Right Hemisphere Syndrome	237	(1)
Overview and Conclusions	238	(19)
Memory and Amnesia	257	(37)
Hans J. Markowitsch
Introduction	257	(1)
The Classic Limbic Amnesic Syndrome	257	(5)
Memory and Its Disorders	262	(4)
The Anatomical Substrates of Memory	266	(12)
Amnesia Syndromes	278	(4)
Memory Rehabilitation	282	(1)
Overview	283	(11)
Aphasia and the Neural Basis of Language	294	(22)
Antonio R. Damasio
Hanna Damasio
Introduction	294	(2)
The Aphasias	296	(7)
Language Impairments Following Damage Outside Classical Language Territories	303	(2)
Sign Language Aphasia	305	(1)
The Role of Nondominant Hemisphere Cortices in Language	305	(1)
Aphasia Management	306	(1)
Overview	307	(9)
Affective Prosody and the Aprosodias	316	(16)
Elliot D. Ross
Introduction	316	(1)
Neurology of Prosody	317	(1)
Neurology of Kinesics	318	(1)
The Aprosodias	319	(3)
Clinical Examination of Affective Prosody and Gesture	322	(1)
Hemispheric Lateralization of Affective Prosody and Callosal Integration of Language Functions	323	(2)
Aprosodias in Tone Languages	325	(1)
Aprosodias, Display Behaviors, and Emotional Experience	326	(6)
Disorders of Complex Visual Processing	332	(41)
Antonio R. Damasio
Daniel Tranel
Matthew Rizzo
Disorders of Pattern Recognition	332	(7)
Other Disorders of Face Processing	339	(7)
Disorders of Color Perception	346	(5)
Other Disorders Related to Color Processing	351	(2)
Disorders of Spatial Analysis	353	(9)
Disturbances of Constructional Ability	362	(1)
Disturbance of the Ability to Dress	363	(1)
Concluding Remarks	363	(10)
Temporolimbic Epilepsy and Behavior	373	(33)
Donald L. Schomer
Margaret O'Connor
Paul Spiers
Margitta Seeck
M.-Marsel Mesulam
David Bear
Introduction	373	(1)
Classification and Definition	374	(1)
Anatomical Pathophysiology	375	(2)
Ictal Manifestations of TLE	377	(6)
Interictal (Long-Term) Associations of TLE	383	(6)
The Diagnostic Evaluation and workup	389	(2)
Treatment	391	(6)
Overview	397	(9)
Neural Substrates of Psychiatric Syndromes	406	(33)
Robert M. Post
Introduction	406	(4)
Unipolar and Bipolar Affective Disorders	410	(7)
Anxiety-Related Disorders	417	(6)
Schizophrenia	423	(2)
Austism	425	(1)
Overview	426	(13)
Aging, Alzheimer's Disease, and Dementia: Clinical and Neurobiological Perspectives	439	(84)
M.-Marsel Mesulam
Introduction	439	(1)
Aging and the Human Brain	440	(4)
The Definition and Differential Diagnosis of Dementia	444	(8)
Some Clinical Profiles of Behaviorally Focal Primary Dementias	452	(9)
Alzheimer's Disease---Genetics, Clinical Picture, and Diagnosis	461	(8)
The Neuropathology of AD	469	(17)
Plasticity Failure---A Hypothesis for Unifying the Pathogenesis of Plaques and Tangles	486	(7)
Some Non-AD Dementias	493	(8)
Vascular Dementia [Also Known as Multiinfarct Dementia (MID)]	501	(3)
Patient Care and Treatment in AD and Other Dementias	504	(2)
Overview and Conclusions	506	(17)
Index	523