Principles of Contaminant Hydrogeology, Second Edition

by Palmer; Christopher M.

• ISBN13: 9781566701693
• ISBN10: 1566701694
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1996-07-09
• Publisher: CRC Press

Summary

This second edition features new & expanded coverage of contaminant hydrogeologic investigations. It presents a practical approach to completing investigations for environmental compliance, emphasizing the use of geologic principles in assessment to move sites toward cleanup. Stressing the basics of collecting data that can withstand regulatory scrutiny & achieve remediation, Principles of Contaminant Hydrogeology, Second Edition demonstrates how to solve a client's site contamination problem while maximizing cost effectiveness. It focuses on small- & medium-sized firms, for which speed, accuracy, & cost are all crucial factors in the site assessment & closure process. Based on "real world" problems, the book takes you step-by-step through the investigation & includes client-consultant-regulator interaction, budgets, ethics, & data extrapolation for solving problems. It introduces concepts such as field logistics, drilling techniques, sampling protocols, contaminant movement, & remediation. Regulatory personnel, hydrogeological consultants, drilling contractors, remediation contractors, university instructors, & students will benefit from the wealth of information provided in this new edition.

Table of Contents

Geologic Frameworks for Contaminant Hydrogeologic Investigations

Introduction

Groundwater Occurrence and Geology of Aquifers

A Brief Review of Unsaturated and Saturated Geologic Environments

Introduction to Alluvial-Filled Basins and Sedimentary Depositional Environment

A Brief Review of Groundwater Movement

Conceptual Approach to Contaminant Hydrogeologic Investigations

What is Important in Initial Site Aquifer Investigation Approach?

An Example of "Changeable" Aquifers

Contaminant Pathways - Subsurface Investigation and Monitoring Approach

Introduction

Contaminant Properties Affecting Transport

Contaminant Pathways Through the Vadose Zone

Contaminant Movement in the Aquifer

Contaminant Movement in Fractured Rock

Contaminant Movement Between Aquifers

Locating the Contaminant Plume - the Initial Approach

Overview of the Report and Data Analysis

Example Approach to a Site Investigation

Example of Modifying the Monitoring System at a Closed Landfill

Summary

Subsurface Exploration, Sampling, and Mapping

Introduction

Subsurface Exploration Program Approach

Geological Data Collection Goals

Introduction to Subsurface Drilling and Sampling

Soil Sampling Methods

Exploratory Borehole Logging

Subsurface Mapping and Strata Correlation

Example of Integrating Sampling and Drilling in a Deep Borehole

Summary

Groundwater Monitoring Well Design and Installation

Introduction

Monitoring Well Design

Example of Monitoring Well Installation into the "A" Aquifer

Monitoring Well Development

Well Completions for Different Monitoring Situations

Well Abandonment

Groundwater Monitoring Well Sampling

Introduction

Sampling Plans and Protocol

Selection of Chemical Analytical Laboratory

Monitoring Well Sampling - Prefield Sampler Preparation

Sample Bias

Example - Field Protocol for Sampling a Monitoring Well

Liquid Sampling in Vadose (Nonsaturated) Environments

Introduction to Regulatory and Legal Framework

Introduction

Overview of Federal Law

Selected State and Local Regulations

Agency Involvement and Negotiation with the Consultant

Expert Review

Summary

Introduction to General Groundwater Geochemistry

Introduction

Inorganic Composition and Quality

Regulations Establishing Drinking Water Quality Standards

Natural Contaminants

Biological Contaminants

Organic Chemical Contaminants

Analytical Laboratories

Long-Term Trends of Chemical Data Collected in Monitoring Wells

Example: Is a Low Concentration of Contaminant Actually There?

Aquifer Analysis

Introduction

Considerations Prior to the Aquifer Test

Instantaneous Discharge Test (Slug Test)

Pump Test Equipment

Review of Selected Pumping Test Data Analysis

Aquifer Testing in Fractured Rock

Computer Modeling for Groundwater Pumping and Remediation Scenarios

Possible Pumping Approaches for Contaminant Capture

Summary

Remediation and Cleanup

Introduction

Conceptual Approach to Site Cleanup

Overview of Response Actions and Cleanup Technology

Selecting Applicable Remedial Alternatives

Screening the Applicable Remedial Alternatives

Implementation of Corrective Action

Finalizing the Cleanup Plan

Example of Attaining Closure of a "Toxics" Site

Example of Soil Vapor Cleanup for Client with Limited Funds and Marginal Site Conditions

Example of a Closed-Loop Subsurface Bioremediation Groundwater Cleanup

Vadose Soil Cleanup Remediation Plan Development for a 2, 4-D Spill

References

Index