Private Funds, Public Purpose

by Anheier, Helmut K.; Toepler, Stefan

• ISBN13: 9780306459467
• ISBN10: 0306459469
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Plenum Pub Corp

Summary

Comparative information detailing the cultural, legal and historical environments of foundations in international settings has been scarce - until now. Written by scholars from six countries, this text covers philanthropic foundations in the world's busiest commercial centers - the U.S. and Eastern and Western Europe. It reports on the structures and mindsets that shape foundations' gift giving, and discusses different aspects of foundation management. Case studies of the French and Italian foundation communities and a comparative legal chapter are especially notable.

Table of Contents

PART I. INTRODUCTION	3	(24)
Chapter 1. Philanthropic Foundations: An International Perspective	3	(24)
Helmut K. Anheier
Stefan Toepler
Introduction	3	(3)
An American Phenomenon?	6	(3)
Size	9	(2)
Definitions and Prevailing Types	11	(3)
The Function and Operation of Foundations	14	(3)
Foundations and the State	17	(2)
Overview of the Book	19	(1)
Notes	20	(1)
References	21	(6)
PART II. COMPARATIVE STUDIES	27	(94)
Chapter 2. The History of Foundations in the United Kingdom and the United States: Philanthropic Foundations in Industrial Society	27	(28)
Martin Bulmer
The Relevance of History	27	(2)
The Concept of the Foundation and Its Legal Status	29	(1)
The Philanthropic Foundation as the Institutionalization of Knowledge-Based Social Engineering: A Gradual Evolution	30	(6)
Philanthropic Foundations	36	(4)
Power and Responsibility	40	(6)
Conclusion: The Institutionalization of Knowledge-Based Social Engineering by Peculiar Institutions?	46	(4)
References	50	(5)
Chapter 3. A Comparative Legal Analysis of Foundations: Aspects of Supervision and Transparency	55	(24)
Tymen J. van der Ploeg
Introduction	55	(2)
Common Law versus Civil Law	57	(2)
Establishment and Supervision of Foundations	59	(10)
Public Disclosure	69	(1)
Sanctions against Foundations on Request of Interested Parties	70	(1)
Discussion and Conclusion	71	(3)
Notes	74	(3)
References	77	(2)
Chapter 4. Foundations in Germany and the United States: A Comparative Analysis	79	(42)
Helmut K. Anheier
Frank P. Romo
Introduction	79	(6)
A Comparative Analysis	85	(27)
Concluding Remarks	112	(4)
Notes	116	(1)
References	117	(4)
PART III. MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION	121	(64)
Chapter 5. British Foundations: The Organization and Management of Grantmaking	121	(20)
Diana Leat
Introduction	121	(2)
Traditional Roles and Practices of Grantmaking Foundations	123	(3)
The Organization and Management of Grantmaking	126	(1)
Grantmaking Cultures	126	(3)
The Business of Grantmaking	129	(7)
Conclusion	136	(2)
References	138	(3)
Chapter 6. The Behavior of Grantmaking Foundations: Toward a New Theoretical Frame	141	(14)
William A. Diaz
Introduction	141	(1)
The Three Models Described	142	(4)
The Models Illustrated	146	(4)
Evaluating the Models	150	(1)
The External Environment	150	(1)
Conclusion	150	(3)
References	153	(2)
Chapter 7. Toward an Entrepreneurial Approach to Foundation management	155	(8)
Heinrich Beyer
Background	155	(2)
Entrepreneurial Foundation Management	157	(1)
Defining Foundation Goals	158	(1)
Strategic Foundation Management	158	(1)
Operative Management and Project Management	159	(2)
Conclusion	161	(1)
References	161	(2)
Chapter 8. Operating in a Grantmaking World: Reassessing the Role of Operating Foundations	163	(22)
Stefan Toepler
Introduction	163	(3)
Why Operating Foundations?	166	(1)
Operating Foundations in the United States: An Empirical Sketch	167	(7)
Legal Definitions and Regulation	174	(2)
The Exclusionary Nature of the U.S. Tax Classification	176	(2)
Conclusion	178	(2)
Notes	180	(1)
References	180	(5)
PART IV. COUNTRY STUDIES	185	(70)
Chapter 9. Foundations in France	185	(14)
Edith Archambault
Judith Boumendil
Sylvie Tsyboula
Historical Development	187	(2)
The Legal Position	189	(2)
Foundations in France: A Profile	191	(3)
Recent Trends	194	(3)
Notes	197	(1)
References	197	(2)
Chapter 10. Foundations in Italy	199	(20)
Gian Paolo Barbetta
Introduction	199	(1)
Foundations in Italy: Legal Definition and Fiscal Treatment	200	(5)
Italian Foundations: The Nonspecialized World	205	(4)
The New "Banking Foundations"	209	(7)
Conclusion	216	(1)
Notes	217	(1)
References	217	(2)
Chapter 11. Foundations in Germany and Their Revival in East Germany after 1989	219	(16)
Rupert Graf Strachwitz
The Specific Position of East Germany	219	(2)
The German Tradition of Foundations	221	(2)
Foundations in East Germany between 1949 and 1989	223	(1)
The Role of the Church	224	(1)
Foundations as Instruments for Solving Complex Legal Situations	225	(2)
East Germany after 1989	227	(2)
Regular Foundation Activities Introduced in East Germany	229	(2)
The Situation Today	231	(1)
References	232	(3)
Chapter 12. Rebuilding Civil Society in Eastern and Central Europe: The Role Played by Foundations	235	(20)
Kevin F.F. Quigley
Nancy E. Popson
Strengthening Civil Society through the NGO Sector	236	(2)
The Role of Foundations	238	(2)
Foundation Programs	240	(5)
Lessons Learned	245	(3)
Conclusion	248	(1)
Notes	249	(2)
References	251	(4)
PART V. CONCLUSION	255	(6)
Why Study Foundations?	255	(3)
Helmut K. Anheier
Stefan Toepler
References	258	(3)
Index	261