Professional Php5

by Lecky-Thompson, Ed; Eide-Goodman, Heow; Nowicki, Steven D.; Cove, Alec

• ISBN13: 9780764572821
• ISBN10: 0764572822
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-11-26
• Publisher: Wrox

Summary

What is this book about?With the release of PHP 5 and the Zend Engine 2, PHP finally graduates from it earliest days as a lightweight scripting syntax to an powerful object oriented programming language that can hold its own against the Java and .NET architectures that currently dominate corporate software development. This book has a pragmatic focus on how to use PHP in the larger scheme of enterprise-class software development.What does this book cover?Unlike Java or .NET, there is little discussion of the application of design patterns, component architectures, and best-practices to the development of applications using PHP. Software written in the absence of this sort of higher-order architecture will never be able to match the robust frameworks that Java and .NET ship with out of the box. This book addresses this issue by covering the following material: Part 1 discusses the OO concepts that were initially explored in Beginning PHP 5 and a demonstration of how to implement them in PHP 5. This section also covers UML modeling and provides a brief introduction to project management techniques that are covered in more depth in Part 4. Parts 2 and 3 present objects and object hierarchies that, when completed, comprise a robust toolkit that developers will be able to reuse on future projects. These chapters are designed to arm the professional PHP developer with the sort of constructs that are available out of the box with platforms such as Java and .NET - from simple utility classes like Collection and Iterator, to more complex constructs like Model/View/Controller architectures and state machines. Part 4 shows how to use the toolkit from Parts 2 and 3 to create real-world applications. We look at the development of a robust contact management system that will leverage the componentry and concepts already discussed and introduce project management and software architecture concepts that enable developers to accurately identify business requirements, design scalable, extensible platforms, and handle change management effectively. It covers the waterfall and spiral project management paradigms and include a discussion on eXtreme Programming and other approaches to software development. The Appendices include an extended discussion on the effective use of CVS, introduce the Zend Studio IDE and related tools, and discuss performance tuning and scalability.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xix
Part I: Object-Oriented Software Development Concepts	1	(98)
Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming	3	(28)
What Is Object-Oriented Programming?	3	(2)
OOP advantages	4	(1)
A real-world example	4	(1)
Understanding OOP Concepts	5	(23)
Classes	6	(1)
Objects	6	(9)
Inheritance	15	(9)
Interfaces	24	(3)
Encapsulation	27	(1)
Changes to OO in PHP5	28	(1)
Summary	29	(2)
Unified Modeling Language (UML)	31	(18)
Requirements Gathering	31	(4)
Interviewing the Client	32	(1)
Use Case Diagrams	32	(3)
Class Diagrams	35	(7)
Modeling the Domain	35	(1)
Relationships	36	(3)
Implementation	39	(3)
Activity Diagrams	42	(1)
Sequence Diagrams	42	(3)
State Diagrams	45	(1)
Component and Deployment Diagrams	46	(1)
Summary	47	(2)
Putting Objects to Work	49	(24)
Creating the Contact Manager	49	(23)
The Contact Manager UML Diagrams	50	(4)
The PropertyObject Class	54	(2)
The Contact Type Classes	56	(4)
The DataManager Class	60	(2)
The Entity, Individual, and Organization Classes	62	(8)
Making Use of the System	70	(2)
Summary	72	(1)
Design Patterns	73	(26)
The Composite Pattern	73	(7)
Implementation	75	(4)
Considerations	79	(1)
The Observer Pattern	80	(6)
Widgets	80	(6)
Considerations	86	(1)
The Decorator Pattern	86	(6)
Implementation	88	(1)
Using the Decorator	89	(2)
Considerations	91	(1)
The Facade Pattern	92	(1)
The Builder Pattern	93	(4)
Implementation	94	(3)
Considerations	97	(1)
Summary	97	(2)
Part II: Creating a Reusable Object Toolkit I: Simple Utility Classes and Interfaces	99	(140)
Collection Class	101	(24)
Purpose of the Collection Class	101	(1)
Designing the Collection Class	102	(1)
Collection Class Basics	103	(4)
The addltem Method	104	(1)
The getItem and removeltem Methods	105	(1)
Other Methods	105	(1)
Using the Collection Class	106	(1)
Implementing Lazy Instantiation	107	(9)
Callbacks	108	(4)
The setLoadCallback Method in the Collection Class	112	(4)
Using the Collection Class	116	(6)
Improving the Collection Class	122	(1)
Summary	123	(2)
Collectionlterator Class	125	(8)
The Iterator Interface	125	(4)
The Collectionlterator Class	127	(2)
The IteratorAggregate Interface	129	(1)
Protecting the Iterator's Contents by Using the clone Operator	130	(2)
Summary	132	(1)
GenericObject Class	133	(24)
The GenericObject Class	133	(13)
When to Use GenericObject	134	(1)
What GenericObject Allows You to Do	134	(1)
Assessing Suitability for Implementation	135	(1)
Typical GenericObject Implementation	136	(2)
Meet the Parent	138	(3)
GenericObject Database Connectivity	141	(2)
GenericObject Methods and Properties	143	(3)
Benefits of GenericObject	146	(1)
The GenericObjectCollection Class	146	(10)
Traditional Implementation	147	(1)
Where the Traditional Implementation Fails	148	(1)
Principles behind GenericObjectCollection	149	(1)
Meet the Code	149	(3)
Typical GenericObjectCollection Implementation	152	(1)
Try It	153	(1)
How It Works	153	(2)
GenericObjectCollection Summary	155	(1)
Summary	156	(1)
Database Abstraction Layers	157	(22)
What Is a Database Abstraction Layer?	158	(1)
A Simple Implementation	158	(6)
The Configuration File	158	(1)
Establishing a Connection	159	(1)
Selecting Information	159	(1)
Altering Information	160	(2)
Using the Database class	162	(2)
Introducing Pear DB	164	(6)
Connecting to a Database Using DB	165	(1)
Retrieving Information	166	(2)
Other Useful Functions	168	(2)
Getting More Information	170	(1)
The Complete Database Abstraction Layer	170	(8)
Transaction Support	174	(1)
The Singleton Design Pattern	175	(3)
Summary	178	(1)
Factory Interface	179	(8)
Factory Method Design Pattern	179	(1)
Factory Interface Example	180	(4)
The Old School Approach	180	(1)
The Factory Interface Approach	181	(1)
Using the Factory Interface in Database Abstraction	182	(2)
Multiple Factories	184	(1)
Leveraging Existing Classes	185	(1)
Summary	186	(1)
Event-Driven Programming	187	(14)
What Are Events?	187	(1)
Using OOP to Handle Events	188	(10)
Designing an event-driven solution	189	(2)
Implementing the solution	191	(4)
Implementing security	195	(3)
Pause for Thought	198	(1)
Summary	198	(3)
Logging and Debugging	201	(22)
Creating a Logging Mechanism	201	(16)
Simple File Logging	201	(1)
Example File System Layout	202	(1)
The Logger Class	203	(4)
Extending the Logger Class	207	(10)
Creating a Debugging Mechanism	217	(4)
Summary	221	(2)
Soap	223	(16)
Soap and PHP5	223	(4)
The PHP5 Soap Extension	224	(3)
Making a Soap Client	227	(8)
Under the Hood	230	(4)
Exception Handling in the Soap Client	234	(1)
Making a Soap Server	235	(2)
Summary	237	(2)
Part III: Creating a Reusable Object Toolkit II: Complex (Though Not Complicated) Utilities	239	(122)
Model, View, Controller (MVC)	241	(36)
Introducing MVC	241	(4)
The Model	242	(1)
The View	242	(1)
The Controller	243	(1)
The Infrastructure	243	(1)
MVC in Web Applications	243	(1)
MVC in PHP	243	(2)
The MVC Mini Toolkit	245	(20)
Introducing the Toolkit	246	(12)
Using the Toolkit	258	(7)
The Toolkit in the Wild	265	(1)
True Templating	265	(10)
Recapping Native PHP Templating	266	(1)
The Pitfalls of Native Templating	266	(1)
True Templating with Smarty Templates	266	(1)
Installing Smarty	267	(1)
Using Smarty	268	(5)
Advanced Smarty	273	(2)
When to Use Smarty vs. Traditional Templating	275	(1)
Summary	275	(2)
Communicating with Users	277	(24)
Why Communicate?	277	(3)
Reasons to Communicate with Users	278	(2)
Think Outside the Web Browser	280	(1)
Types of Communication	280	(1)
All communications have	280	(1)
Not all communications have	280	(1)
What about Recipients?	281	(1)
Communication As a Class Hierarchy	281	(5)
The Recipient Class: A quick Test of OOP-Like Thinking	281	(4)
The Communication Class	285	(1)
E-mailing Your Users	286	(12)
Building a Test Version	287	(3)
Getting the Message Across	290	(6)
Being Smart with Templates	296	(2)
Using MIME	298	(1)
Other Communication Subclasses	298	(1)
SMS Text Messaging	298	(1)
Fax	299	(1)
Summary	299	(2)
Sessions and Authentication	301	(28)
Introduction to Sessions	301	(11)
A Brief Recap on How HTTP Works	302	(2)
Definition of a Session	304	(1)
Perpetuation of a Session	304	(3)
Session Security	307	(5)
How PHP Implements Sessions	312	(4)
Basic PHP Sessions	312	(3)
Limitations of Basic PHP Sessions	315	(1)
Creating an Authentication Class	316	(12)
Connecting PHP Session Management to a Database	316	(1)
Introducing the UserSession Class	317	(1)
Database Schema	317	(1)
The Code: usersession.phpm	318	(4)
The Code: Testing the UserSession Class	322	(4)
How It Works: The UserSession Class	326	(2)
Putting It All Together	328	(1)
Summary	328	(1)
Unit Testing Framework	329	(16)
Methodology and Terminology	329	(3)
Designing the Interface of Your Class	330	(1)
Creating a Test Suite for Your Class	331	(1)
Writing the Implementation of Your Class	332	(1)
The Second Run	332	(1)
Introduction to PHPUnit	332	(1)
Installing PHPUnit	333	(1)
Using PHPUnit	333	(4)
Test Cases	333	(3)
The Test Suite	336	(1)
Why Bother?	337	(1)
Regression Testing	337	(1)
Framework Usability	337	(1)
Demonstrable Quality Assurance	338	(1)
Reducing the Burden of Functional Testing	338	(1)
A Real-World Example	338	(5)
Summary	343	(2)
Finite State Machine and Custom Configuration Files	345	(16)
Introducing the Finite State Machine	346	(8)
A Simple FSM: The RPN Calculator	346	(2)
Theoretical Implementation of FSMs	348	(1)
Implementing FSMs in PHP	348	(2)
Disassembling the RPN Calculator Example	350	(3)
Real-World Examples of FSMs	353	(1)
Custom Configuration Files	354	(5)
Using PHP	354	(1)
Using XML	355	(1)
Using INI Files	355	(2)
The Config Pear Class	357	(1)
Configuration File Best Practice	358	(1)
Summary	359	(2)
Part IV: Test Case: Sales Force Automation	361	(208)
Project Overview	363	(8)
Widget World	363	(1)
The Widget World Landscape	364	(3)
The Technical Layer	365	(1)
The Financial Layer	366	(1)
The Political Layer	366	(1)
You	366	(1)
Is It Really about Technology?	366	(1)
The Development Approach	367	(3)
What Does This Mean to Me?	368	(2)
The Technology	370	(1)
Summary	370	(1)
Project Management Methodologies	371	(20)
Do Your Homework	371	(3)
Why Is the Project Happening?	372	(1)
Who Is the Project For?	372	(1)
What Is the History of the Project?	373	(1)
What Are the Anticipated Prerequisites of the Project?	374	(1)
Receiving the Formal Brief	374	(8)
Business Requirements	375	(1)
Scope	376	(1)
Timelines	377	(1)
Budget	378	(2)
Commercial Terms	380	(1)
Future Plans	380	(1)
Look and Feel	381	(1)
Technology	381	(1)
Support	381	(1)
What Now?	382	(1)
Constructing the Pitch	382	(4)
Pitches versus Quotes	382	(1)
Pitches versus Specifications	383	(1)
Who to Involve When Pitching	383	(1)
When to Go the Extra Mile	384	(1)
When to Say No	384	(1)
Structuring the Pitch	385	(1)
Choosing Your People	386	(3)
Project Manager	386	(1)
Account Manager	387	(1)
Lead Architect	387	(1)
Software Architects and Engineers	388	(1)
Client Side Developers	388	(1)
Senior Designers	388	(1)
Studio Artists	388	(1)
Doubling Up of Roles	389	(1)
Working Practices	389	(1)
Your Client's Role	389	(1)
Summary	389	(2)
Planning the System	391	(14)
Choosing a Process	391	(3)
The Waterfall Process	391	(1)
The Spiral Process	392	(1)
Making the Decision	393	(1)
Common Process Practices	394	(5)
Specification Phase	394	(2)
Design Phase	396	(2)
Build Phase	398	(1)
Testing Phase	398	(1)
Handover	399	(1)
Programming Methodologies and Practices	399	(3)
Test-Driven Development	399	(1)
eXtreme Programming	400	(2)
Change Management	402	(2)
Specification Revisions	402	(1)
Specification Changes That Arise after Sign-Off	403	(1)
Disputes Arising from Differences in Interpretation	403	(1)
Bugs Reported by the Client	403	(1)
Summary	404	(1)
Systems Architecture	405	(12)
What Is Systems Architecture?	405	(2)
Why Is It Important?	405	(1)
What Needs Doing?	406	(1)
Effectively Translating Requirements	407	(2)
Hosting, Connectivity, Servers, and Network	407	(1)
Redundancy and Resilience	408	(1)
Maintenance	408	(1)
Security	408	(1)
Designing the Environment	409	(6)
Hosting and Connectivity	409	(1)
Calculating CIR	409	(2)
Servers	411	(2)
Network	413	(1)
Redundant Storage	414	(1)
Maintenance	414	(1)
Security	414	(1)
Summary	415	(2)
Assembling the Sales Force Automation Toolkit	417	(96)
Starting the Project: Monday	417	(10)
Getting an Earful	418	(2)
Story Weight Estimation	420	(6)
Release Planning	426	(1)
Starting the Work	427	(24)
Outlining Details of Story 9	427	(1)
Writing Tests	428	(1)
PhpUnit	429	(7)
Creating the login screen	436	(4)
The Next Story	440	(10)
Re-Estimation	450	(1)
Cleaning Up	451	(8)
Refactoring Code	452	(7)
Finishing the Iteration	459	(9)
Story 14: Changing the Week Recalls a Previous Week	459	(1)
Story 15: Per-Week Items on the Customer Contact Report	460	(8)
Travel Expense Report	468	(24)
Travel Expense Item	471	(2)
Travel Expense Week	473	(3)
The Spike	476	(1)
More Travel Expense Week Tests	477	(3)
Satisifying the Travel Expense Week Tests	480	(12)
The Finalized Travel Expense Report	492	(14)
Mock Objects	506	(5)
Summary	511	(2)
Quality Assurance	513	(18)
Introduction to QA	513	(5)
Why You Should Aim High	514	(1)
What Is Quality?	515	(1)
Measurable and Quantifiable Quality	515	(3)
Testing	518	(3)
Unit Testing	518	(1)
Functional Testing	519	(1)
Load Testing	520	(1)
Usability Testing	520	(1)
Fault Tracking	521	(8)
Effective Fault Management Using Mantis	522	(7)
Getting the Most Out of Mantis	529	(1)
Summary	529	(2)
Deployment	531
Devising Development Environments	531	(5)
The Studio Development Environment	531	(1)
The Studio Staging Environment	532	(1)
The Live Staging Environment	533	(1)
The Live Production Environment	534	(1)
Development Databases	534	(2)
The Deployment Workflow	536	(5)
Automated Version Control Repository Extraction	537	(1)
Using rsync	538	(2)
Keeping Servers in Sync with rsync	540	(1)
Summary	541
Designing and Developing a Robust Reporting Platform	1	(564)
Introduction to Working Data	1	(6)
Understanding Your Client's Needs	2	(1)
Managing Your Client	2	(1)
Report Deliverables	3	(1)
Designing a Report	4	(3)
Report Generation Architecture	7	(15)
The Offline Approach	9	(1)
The Reports Interface	10	(1)
The New Report Interface	11	(4)
The Report Processor Script	15	(1)
The Process	16	(1)
The Report Handler Scripts	17	(1)
The My Reports Page	18	(1)
The Report Translator Scripts	19	(2)
Example Usage of the Reports Engine	21	(1)
Visualizations	21	(1)
Summary	22	(543)
Where Do You Go from Here?	565	(4)
Motivation	565	(1)
Your Career As a Developer	566	(1)
More Than Web Development Skills	566	(1)
Soft Skills	566	(1)
Academic Skills	567	(1)
Community Skills	567	(1)
Summary	567	(2)
Appendix A: Why Version Control Is a Good Thing	569	(14)
Appendix B: PHP IDEs	583	(16)
Appendix C: Performance Tuning PHP	599	(10)
Appendix D: Best Practice PHP Installation	609	(12)
Index	621