Progress in Botany

by Esser, Karl; Kadereit, J. W.; Luttge, Ulrich; Runge, Michael

• ISBN13: 9783540649915
• ISBN10: 3540649913
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-12-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

With one volume each year, this series keeps scientists and advanced students informed of the latest developments and results in all areas of the plant sciences. The present volume includes reviews on genetics, cell biology, physiology, comparative morphology, systematics, ecology and vegetation science

Table of Contents

Review
50 Years of the Moss Story	3	(34)
Martin Bopp
Introduction	3	(1)
Protonema	4	(3)
Regeneration	7	(1)
Morphogenetic System	8	(1)
Endogenous Factors	9	(10)
Factor H	9	(1)
Cytokinins	10	(1)
What is a Bud and How is a Bud Formed?	11	(3)
Auxin	14	(3)
Auxin-Cytokinin-Interaction	17	(1)
Natural Auxin and Cytokinins	18	(1)
Mutants	19	(4)
Tmemata and Brachycytes	23	(2)
Molecular Biology of the Mosses	25	(12)
References	26	(11)
Genetics
Recombination: From Genetic Towards Physical Distances: High Resolution Mapping of Plant Resistance Genes	37	(17)
Frank Ordon
Heike Kohler
Bettina Pellio
Wolfgang Friedt
Introduction	37	(1)
Closing the Gap Between Genetic and Physical Distances - High Resolution Mapping	38	(4)
Construction of High Resolution Mapping Populations	38	(2)
Marker Saturation and High Resolution Mapping	40	(2)
Construction of Large Insert DNA Libraries	42	(3)
Yeast Artificial Chromosome (YAC) Cloning	42	(1)
YAC Vectors	42	(1)
YAC Libraries for Plants	43	(1)
Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Cloning	43	(1)
The BAC Vector	44	(1)
BAC Libraries for Plants	44	(1)
Physical Mapping: Chromosome Landing	45	(2)
Conclusion and Future Prospects	47	(7)
References	48	(6)
Function of Genetic Material: From Gene Structure to Gene Function-Approaches to Understanding the Action of Genes in Higher Plants	54	(22)
Fritz Thummler
Gerhard Wenzel
Introduction	54	(1)
Bioinformatics	55	(3)
Expression Analysis	58	(4)
Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)	58	(1)
Serial Analysis of Gene Expression (SAGE)	59	(1)
DNA Arrays	59	(3)
Differential Techniques	62	(3)
Gene Tagging	65	(1)
Proteomics	66	(2)
Synteny	68	(1)
The Problem of Complex Characters	69	(1)
Conclusions	70	(6)
References	71	(5)
Extranuclear Inheritance: Plastid Genetics: Manipulation of Plastid Genomes and Biotechnological Applications	76	(15)
Ralph Bock
Rudolf Hagemann
Introduction	76	(1)
The Genetic Basis for Manipulations of Higher Plant Plastid Genomes	77	(6)
Transgenic Chloroplasts in Plant Biotechnology	83	(8)
References	87	(4)
Molecular Cell Biology: Role of Repetitive DNA in Nuclear Architecture and Chromosome Structure	91	(27)
Vera Hemleben
Ramon A. Torres-Ruiz
Thomas Schmidt
Ulrike Zentgraf
Introduction	91	(2)
Highly Repeated Satellite DNA	93	(1)
Retrotransposons	94	(6)
Structural Organization of Retrotransposons	94	(2)
Chromosomal Distribution of Retrotransposons	96	(2)
Retrotransposon Transposition and Functional Aspects	98	(2)
Plant Centromeres	100	(5)
DNA Components and Structure of Plant Centromeres	100	(2)
Plant Neocentromeres and Epigenetics	102	(1)
Protein Components of the Plant Centromer/Kinetochore Complex	103	(2)
Plant Telomeres	105	(4)
Telomeric DNA	105	(1)
Nucleoprotein Structure	106	(2)
Telomere Length Regulation	108	(1)
Nuclear Architecture	108	(1)
Conclusions and Perspectives	109	(9)
References	110	(8)
Genetics of Phytopathology: Phytopathogenic Fungi: Genetic Aspects of Host-Pathogen Interaction	118	(30)
Paul Tudzynski
Bettina Tudzynski
Introduction	118	(1)
Functional Analysis of Potential Pathogenicity Determinants: an Update	119	(10)
Early Stages of Infection	119	(1)
Cell-Cell Adhesion	119	(4)
Penetration: Generation of Mechanical Pressure vs. Cutinolytic Activity	123	(1)
Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes (CWDE)	124	(2)
Overcoming of the Host's Chemical Defense: Detoxification vs. Export	126	(2)
Toxins	128	(1)
Active Oxygen Species: Generation vs. Detoxification	128	(1)
Black Box Approaches	129	(2)
Pathogenicity Mutants	129	(1)
In Plant-Expressed Genes	130	(1)
Avirulence Genes	131	(1)
Special Topic: Signal Transduction	132	(7)
Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins (G Protein)	132	(2)
Protein Kinases	134	(4)
cAMP Signaling Pathways	138	(1)
Perspectives	139	(9)
References	140	(8)
Population Genetics: Coevolution in Host-Pathogen Systems	148	(19)
Jorn Pons
Christoph Lower
Paul Braun
Wolfgang Kohler
Introduction	148	(1)
Interactions and Coevolutive Processes	149	(3)
Selection and Coevolution	150	(1)
Population Dynamics and Coevolution	151	(1)
The Host-Pathogen System	152	(6)
Wild Plant Populations	153	(3)
Modern Agricultural Systems	156	(2)
Modelling Host-Pathogen Coevolution	158	(9)
Genetic Models	158	(3)
Ecological and Epidemiological Models	161	(2)
References	163	(4)
Plant Breeding: FLO-Like Meristem Identity Genes: from Basic Science to Crop Plant Design	167	(20)
Gunter Theißen
Introduction	167	(1)
FLO: a Floral Meristem Identity Gene from Antirrhinum	167	(2)
LFY: the FLO Orthologue of Arabidopsis	169	(3)
FLO-Like Genes in Other Plants	172	(4)
The NFL Genes from Tobacco	173	(1)
UNIFOLIATA from Pea	174	(1)
IMPFLO from Impatiens	174	(1)
RFL from Rice	174	(1)
FLO-Like Genes in Nonflowering Plants	175	(1)
NEEDLY and PRFLL from Radiate Pine	175	(1)
FLO-Like Genes from Gnetophytes	175	(1)
FLO-Like Genes from Nonseed Plants	176	(1)
Remarks on the Evolution of FLO-Like Genes	176	(2)
From Basic Science to Crop Plant Design	178	(2)
Promoting Flower Formation	178	(1)
Inhibiting Flower Formation	179	(1)
Concluding Remarks	180	(7)
References	181	(6)
Physiology
Are Plants Stacked Neutrophiles? Comparison of Pathogen-Induced Oxidative Burst in Plants and Mammals	187	(36)
Sabine Luthje
Michael Bottger
Olaf Doring
Introduction	187	(1)
Strategies in Plant Pathogen Defense	188	(6)
Prophylaxis	188	(1)
Limitation of Damage	189	(1)
Recognition	189	(1)
Defense Reactions	190	(1)
Systemic Responses	190	(1)
Gene-for-Gene Resistance	191	(1)
Active Oxygen Species	192	(1)
Ion Fluxes	193	(1)
The Origin of the Oxidative Burst	194	(7)
Neutrophils	194	(2)
Structure of the NADPH Oxidase Complex	196	(1)
Regulation of the NADPH Oxidase Complex	197	(1)
Function of the NADPH Oxidase Complex	198	(1)
Indirect Evidence for Homologues in Plants	198	(1)
Some Thoughts on gp91phox Homologues in Other Organisms	198	(1)
Antibody and Homology Studies	199	(2)
Specificity of Inhibitors	201	(1)
Alternatives for an Oxidative Burst in Plants	201	(6)
Involvement of Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7)	202	(2)
Plasma Membrane-Bound Oxidoreductases	204	(3)
Conclusions	207	(16)
References	207	(16)
Physiology of Mycorrhiza	223	(32)
Rudiger Hampp
Uwe Nehls
Thomas Wallenda
Development of Mycorrhiza	223	(3)
Initial Events	223	(1)
Role of Phenolic Compounds and Secondary Metabolism	224	(2)
Mycorrhiza and Host Photosynthesis	226	(3)
Sink Effects	226	(1)
Increased Atmospheric CO2	227	(2)
Carbon Allocation and Carbon Metabolism	229	(2)
Carbohydrates	229	(1)
Carbon Allocation	230	(1)
Fungal Carbohydrate Metabolism	230	(1)
Carbon Transfer Between Plants via Mycorrhiza Fungi	230	(1)
Nitrogen Metabolism	231	(1)
Use of Inorganic and Organic N Sources	231	(1)
Interaction of Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism	231	(1)
Phosphate	232	(1)
Molecular Aspects of Nutrient/Metabolite Exchange	232	(2)
Storage of Nutrients	234	(1)
Mycorrhiza-Specific Proteins	234	(1)
Differential Gene Expression	234	(1)
Hormones	235	(1)
Mycorrhiza and Drought Tolerance	236	(1)
Inhibitors/Pollutants	237	(1)
Mycorrhiza/Bacteria Interactions	238	(1)
New Techniques	238	(17)
References	239	(16)
Plant Functioning Under Waterlogged Conditions	255	(14)
Rainer Losch
Joachim Busch
References	262	(7)
Secondary Plant Substances: Trichothecenes	269	(16)
Horst-Robert Schutte
Introduction	269	(1)
Trichodiene-Synthase	270	(3)
Oxygenation Products of Trichodiene	273	(3)
Macrocyclic Trichothecenes	276	(9)
References	277	(8)
Systematics
Systematics and Evolution of the Cyanobacteria (Cyanophyceae)	285	(18)
Hans R. Preising
Books and Reviews	285	(1)
General Aspects of Cyanobacterial Taxonomy	286	(2)
Classification in Orders	288	(15)
Chroococcales	288	(2)
Pleurocapsales	290	(1)
Oscillatoriales	290	(2)
Nostocales	292	(1)
Stigonematales	292	(1)
Prochlorophytes = Oxychlorobacteria (Order-Prochlorales)	292	(1)
References	293	(10)
Ecology
History of Flora and Vegetation During the Quaternary	303	(32)
Burkhard Frenzel
General Problems	303	(5)
Basic Problems in Dendroclimatology	308	(3)
History of Flora and Vegetation in the Tropical and Subtropical Zones During the Upper Quarternary	311	(16)
General Problems	311	(2)
The Last Interglacial	313	(1)
The Beginning of the Last Glaciation	314	(2)
First Phase of Full Glacial Times of the Last Glaciation	316	(3)
The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), Marina Isotope Stage 2	319	(5)
The Late Glacial of the Last Glaciation	324	(3)
Conclusions	327	(8)
References	327	(8)
Biodiversity Research in Botany	335	(28)
Stefan Porembski
Wilhelm Barthlott
Introduction	335	(2)
Magnitude, Patterns, and Distribution of Plant Diversity	337	(9)
Global Aspects	337	(1)
Old World	338	(1)
New World	339	(2)
Temperate Regions	341	(1)
Epiphytes	342	(2)
Genetic Diversity	344	(2)
Gradients	346	(1)
Ecosystem Stability, Fragmentation, and Global Change	346	(17)
References	351	(12)
Subject Index	363