Progress in Botany Vol. 60 : Genetics - Cell Biology and Physiology - Systematics and Comparative Morphology - Ecology and Vegetation Science

by Esser, Karl; Kadereit, J. W.; Luttge, Ulrich; Runge, Michael

• ISBN13: 9783540646891
• ISBN10: 3540646892
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-05-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

A compilation of papers pertaining to genetics, cell biology & physiology, systematics & comparative morphology, ecology and vegetation science as they relate to botany.

Table of Contents

Review
Chloroplast Movement: from Phenomenology to Molecular Biology	3	(36)
Wolfgang Haupt
Introduction	3	(1)
The Period of Phenomenological Research	4	(2)
Physiological and Molecular Approach	6	(21)
Perception	7	(1)
The Photoreceptor Pigment	7	(2)
Multiple Photoreceptor Pigments	9	(3)
Perception of Light Direction	12	(2)
Genetic Approach to the Photoreceptor Problem	14	(1)
Response: Mechanics of Movement	15	(1)
Dependent or Independent Movement?	16	(1)
The Motor Apparatus	17	(3)
Signal Transduction	20	(1)
Forward Approach: Early Reactions After Photoperception	20	(1)
Forward Approach: Analysis of Aftereffects	21	(3)
Backward Approach	24	(1)
Hypothetical Transduction Chains	25	(2)
Concluding Remarks	27	(2)
References	29	(10)
Genetics
Recombination: Organelle DNA of Plants and Fungi: Inheritance and Recombination	39	(49)
Heike Rohr
Ursula Kues
Ulf Stahl
Introduction	39	(1)
Organelle Inheritance	39	(20)
Mode of Inheritance	40	(1)
Biparental Inheritance	41	(8)
Uniparental Maternal and Uniparental Paternal Inheritance	49	(3)
Genetic Control of Organelle Inheritance	52	(1)
Nuclear Contribution to Organelle Inheritance	52	(7)
Recombination of Organelle Genomes	59	(10)
Intraorganellar Recombination	59	(7)
Interorganellar Sequence Transfer	66	(1)
Proteins Involved in Organelle Recombination	67	(2)
Plasmids	69	(4)
Plasmid Inheritance and Horizontal Plasmid Transfer	69	(1)
Plasmid Recombination	70	(3)
Conclusions	73	(1)
References	73	(15)
Mutation: Nuclear and Plastomic Transformation of Higher Plants Using Microprojectile Bombardment	88	(11)
Christer Jansson
Pirkko Maenaa
Introduction	88	(1)
Biolostic Transformation - Methodology	88	(2)
Biolistic Transformation - Pros and Cons	90	(2)
Biolistic Transformation of Plastid Genomes	92	(4)
The Plastid Genome of Higher Plants	92	(1)
Higher Plant Chloroplast Transformation Technology	92	(1)
Current Achievements of Higher Plant Chloroplast Transformation	93	(2)
Technical Problems and Future Perspectives of Higher Plant Chloroplast Genome Transformation	95	(1)
References	96	(3)
Extranuclear Inheritance: Genetics and Biogenesis of Mitochondria	99	(20)
Thomas Lisowsky
Karlheinz Esser
Torsten Stein
Elke Pratje
Georg Michaelis
Introduction	99	(1)
Mitochondrial Genomes	100	(6)
Arabidopsis thaliana	100	(5)
Reclinomonas americana	105	(1)
Mitochondrial Transcription	106	(7)
Evolution of the Mitochondrial Transcription Apparatus	107	(1)
Bacteriophage-Type Core Enzymes in Mitochondria and Plastids of Higher Plants	108	(1)
Structural Features of the Core Enzymes	109	(2)
Perspectives and New Problems	111	(2)
Nuclear Restorer Genes of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS)	113	(1)
References	114	(5)
Genetics of Phytopathology: Phytopathogenic Bacteria	119	(20)
Holger Jahr
Rainer Bahro
Rudolf Eichenlaub
Introduction	119	(1)
Extracellular Polysaccharides (EPS)	119	(7)
General Remarks	119	(2)
Erwinia amylovora	121	(1)
Erwinia stewartii	122	(1)
Ralstonia solanacearum	123	(1)
Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris	124	(1)
Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis	125	(1)
Plant Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes	126	(4)
Secretion of Bacterial Extracellular Enzymes	126	(1)
Cellulolytic Enzymes	126	(1)
Xylanolytic Enzymes	127	(1)
Pectolytic Enzymes	128	(1)
Regulatory Aspects	129	(1)
Concluding Remarks	130	(1)
References	130	(9)
Plant Breeding: Male Sterility in Higher Plants - Fundamentals and Applications	139	(28)
Frank Kempken
Daryl Pring
Introduction	139	(1)
Male Sterility in Natural and Breeding Systems	140	(16)
Anther Development and Nuclear Male Sterility	140	(2)
Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Male Sterility (CMS)	142	(2)
Maize	144	(3)
Sorghum	147	(1)
Brassica	148	(2)
Phaseolus	150	(1)
Petunia	150	(1)
Sunflower	151	(1)
Other CMS Systems	152	(1)
Fertility Restoration Genes in CMS	153	(1)
Enigmas of CMS	153	(2)
New Clues to an Old Hypothesis	155	(1)
Artificial Male Sterility in Transgenic Plants	156	(2)
Tapetum/Pollen-Specific Gene Expression	156	(1)
A Peptide from a CMS-Related orf May Cause Male Sterility in Transgenic Tobacco	157	(1)
Targeting of Unedited ATP9 into Plant Mitochondria	157	(1)
Conclusions	158	(1)
References	159	(8)
Plant Breeding: Genetic Mapping in Woody Crops	167	(26)
Eva Zyprian
Introduction	167	(2)
The Plants Under Consideration	169	(1)
Mapping and Molecular Markers	170	(4)
Mapping Strategies and Results	174	(10)
Mapping in Backcrosses or the F2 Generation	174	(1)
Citrus	174	(3)
Prunus	177	(1)
Vaccinium	178	(1)
Mapping with the Double Pseudotestcross Strategy	179	(1)
Apple	179	(1)
Grapevine	180	(2)
Mapping in Forest Trees	182	(1)
Angiosperms	182	(1)
Gymnosperms	183	(1)
Summary and Conclusions	184	(2)
References	186	(7)
Cell Biology and Physiology
Plant Water Relations	193	(41)
Rainer Losch
Cell and Tissue Water Status and Its Influence upon Metabolism	193	(9)
Root Water Uptake and Water Movement Through the Plant	202	(7)
Stomatal Biology, Transpiration and Evapotranspiration	209	(5)
References	214	(20)
Dynamics of Nutrient Transport from the Root to the Shoot	234	(20)
Ulrich Schurr
Why Study Dynamics of Nutrient Transport?	234	(1)
Appropriate Methods	235	(2)
Root Pressure Exudation	235	(1)
Scholander Pressure Method	235	(1)
Xylem Pressure Probe	236	(1)
Root Pressure Chamber	236	(1)
Temporal and Spatial Variation of Sap Composition and Nutrient Fluxes in the Xylem	237	(2)
Processes Potentially Involved in Temporal Variation	239	(6)
Availability to the Root	239	(1)
Uptake	239	(3)
Transport Through the Root and Xylem Loading	242	(2)
Lateral Exchange on the Transport Pathway to the Shoot	244	(1)
Nutrient Fluxes on the Whole Plant Level	245	(1)
Prospects	246	(1)
References	247	(7)
Photosynthesis. Carbon Metabolism: In and Beyond the Chloroplast	254	(28)
Grahame J. Kelly (With 4 Figures)
Introduction	254	(1)
From CO2 to GAP	255	(7)
Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (Rubisco)	255	(1)
Remainder of the Calvin Cycle	256	(2)
The C4 Pathway	258	(2)
Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM)	260	(2)
The Multifaceted Fate of GAP	262	(4)
Transitory Starch in Chloroplasts	262	(1)
Three Notes About Chloroplast Lipids	262	(1)
Export from the Chloroplast	263	(1)
Cytosolic Sucrose Synthesis and its Regulation	264	(2)
Distant Fates of Photosynthetic Product	266	(2)
Translocation	266	(1)
Storage	266	(2)
Photorespiration	268	(1)
Conclusions and Prospects	269	(1)
References	270	(12)
The Costs and Benefits of Oxygen for Photosynthesizing Plant Cells	282	(33)
Margarete Baier
Karl-Josef Dietz (With 11 Figures)
Introduction	282	(2)
Light-Dependent Generation of ROS and Their Reactivity	284	(4)
Spin-Pairing as a Physical Activation Mechanism of O2	284	(1)
ROS Formation by the Photosynthetic Electron Chain	285	(1)
Destructive Potential of ROS	286	(2)
Antioxidants and Their Reactivity	288	(4)
The Control of the Redox Homeostasis of the Chloroplast	292	(7)
The Antioxidant Network	292	(1)
The Interaction of Enzymic and Non-Enzymic Antioxidants	292	(1)
Developmental Control of the Antioxidative Defence System	293	(1)
Towards a Quantitative Understanding of Antioxidant Activities?	294	(2)
Dynamic Regulation of Photosynthesis	296	(1)
Photorespiration	296	(1)
Mehler-Ascorbate Peroxidase-Reaction	297	(1)
The Xanthophyll Cycle	297	(1)
Photoinhibition	298	(1)
The Regulatory Potentials of ROS and the Stromal Redox State	299	(7)
Redox Regulation of Enzyme Activity	299	(2)
Regulation of Gene Expression by Cellular Redox Homeostasis	301	(1)
Redox-Sensitive Regulation of Gene Expression and Identification of Promoter Elements	301	(1)
The Kinetics of the Genetic Responses	302	(1)
Redox-Signalling and Redox-Sensitive Transcription Factors	303	(1)
Intercompartment Redox-Signalling	304	(2)
Final Remarks on Regulation of Gene Expression by Cellular Redox Homeostasis	306	(1)
Conclusion	306	(1)
References	307	(8)
Growth: Progress in Auxin Research	315	(26)
Hartwig Luthen
Maike Claussen
Michael Bottger (With 6 Figures)
Auxin Physiology - a Never-Ending Story	315	(1)
Auxin Perception	315	(9)
Membrane-Associated Binding Sites and ABP1	315	(2)
Evidence for ABP1 as the Physiological Auxin Receptor	317	(1)
ABP1 as a Receptor - the Docking Protein Hypothesis	318	(2)
Is ABP1 a Red Herring?	320	(2)
Auxin Receptor for Growth: Inside or Outside?	322	(2)
Auxin Signal Transduction	324	(1)
Growth-Relevant Targets of Auxin Signalling	325	(4)
Plasma Membrane Proton Pump: ATPase Stimulation or Induction?	325	(2)
Channels	327	(2)
Rapid Gene Induction by Auxin	329	(1)
Understanding Wall Loosening	329	(3)
Acid-Induced Wall Loosening	329	(2)
Other Possible Wall-Loosening Mechanisms	331	(1)
Roots: Auxin Research ``Down Under''	332	(1)
Perspectives in Auxin Research	333	(2)
References	335	(6)