What is included with this book?
Preface | p. v |
Negative refractive index metamaterials in optics | p. 1 |
Introduction | p. 3 |
Ambidextrous light in a left-handed world | p. 3 |
Negative index: Brief history | p. 8 |
Optical negative index metamaterials: State of the art | p. 8 |
Plasmonic NIMs | p. 9 |
Loss management | p. 13 |
Alternative approaches to negative refraction | p. 15 |
Negative refraction and superlens | p. 20 |
Negative refraction | p. 20 |
Superlens | p. 22 |
Enhanced nonlinearity and its origin in metamaterials | p. 25 |
Optical bistability and solitons | p. 27 |
Generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation | p. 28 |
Solitons in plasmonic nanostructures | p. 30 |
Gap solitons | p. 33 |
Optical bistability | p. 35 |
Ultra-narrow spatial solitons | p. 36 |
"Backward" phase-matching conditions: Implications for nonlinear optics | p. 38 |
Second-harmonic generation | p. 39 |
Optical parametric amplification | p. 42 |
Surface polaritons, waveguides and resonators | p. 44 |
Linear surface polaritons | p. 44 |
Nonlinear surface polaritons | p. 47 |
NIM slab as a linear waveguide | p. 48 |
Linear waveguide in nonlinear surroundings | p. 51 |
Nano-resonators | p. 53 |
New frontiers: Metamaterials for cloaking | p. 55 |
Summary | p. 59 |
Acknowledgements | p. 60 |
References | p. 60 |
Polarization techniques for surface nonlinear optics | p. 69 |
Introduction | p. 71 |
Polarization effects in the nonlinear response of surfaces and thin films | p. 73 |
Functional form of the measured signals | p. 74 |
Approximation of unity refractive indices | p. 76 |
Polarization arrangements for the characterization of nonlinear samples | p. 78 |
Low-symmetry samples | p. 86 |
Experimental considerations | p. 87 |
Applications of polarization techniques | p. 90 |
Chirality and circular-difference response | p. 90 |
Higher-multipole contributions to the surface nonlinearity of isotropic materials | p. 93 |
Complete theoretical model including linear optics | p. 101 |
Geometry and notational conventions | p. 104 |
Second-harmonic field exiting from a thick sample | p. 108 |
Limit of zero thickness | p. 111 |
Effect on the susceptibility components | p. 113 |
Conclusions and outlook | p. 115 |
Acknowledgements | p. 116 |
References | p. 117 |
Electromagnetic fields in linear bianisotropic mediums | p. 121 |
Introduction | p. 123 |
The Maxwell postulates and constitutive relations | p. 124 |
Maxwell postulates | p. 125 |
Constitutive relations | p. 126 |
The frequency domain | p. 127 |
6-vector/6 x 6 dyadic notation | p. 129 |
Form invariances | p. 130 |
Constitutive dyadics | p. 135 |
Linear mediums | p. 142 |
Isotropy | p. 143 |
Anisotropy | p. 144 |
Bianisotropy | p. 151 |
Nonhomogeneous mediums | p. 153 |
Plane-wave propagation | p. 156 |
Uniform and non-uniform plane waves | p. 157 |
Eigenanalysis | p. 158 |
Isotropic scenarios | p. 160 |
Anisotropic scenarios | p. 161 |
Bianisotropic scenarios | p. 168 |
Nonhomogeneous mediums | p. 170 |
Plane waves with negative phase velocity | p. 174 |
Dyadic Green functions | p. 175 |
Definition and properties | p. 176 |
Closed-form representations | p. 178 |
Eigenfunction representations | p. 183 |
Depolarization dyadics | p. 185 |
Homogenization | p. 192 |
Constituent mediums | p. 193 |
Maxwell Garnett formalism | p. 194 |
Bruggeman formalism | p. 195 |
Strong-property-fluctuation theory | p. 197 |
Anisotropy and bianisotropy via homogenization | p. 200 |
Closing remarks | p. 201 |
References | p. 202 |
Ultrafast optical pulses | p. 21 |
Overview of ultrashort optical pulses | p. 213 |
Historic developments in short optical pulse development | p. 213 |
Outline of chapter | p. 214 |
Fundamental properties of optical pulses | p. 215 |
Amplitudes, envelopes, and intensity | p. 215 |
Phase, frequency, and group delay | p. 218 |
Time-bandwidth product | p. 220 |
The "zero area" pulse | p. 221 |
Ultrashort-pulse generation | p. 222 |
Spectral properties of ultrafast laser materials | p. 222 |
Modelocking issues | p. 224 |
Active and passive modulation | p. 226 |
Modelocking schemes | p. 228 |
Ultrafast-pulse characterization | p. 236 |
Autocorrelation | p. 237 |
Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) | p. 239 |
Ultrafast Ti:sapphire lasers and amplifiers | p. 240 |
Dispersion control | p. 240 |
Ultrashort Ti:sapphire lasers | p. 242 |
Ti:sapphire amplifiers | p. 243 |
Attosecond pulses | p. 244 |
Conclusion | p. 246 |
References | p. 247 |
Quantum imaging | p. 251 |
Introduction to quantum imaging | p. 253 |
Optical parametric down-conversion of type I | p. 255 |
Spatially multimode versus single-mode squeezing | p. 260 |
Spatial structure of squeezed vacuum states in the degenerate optical parametric oscillator below threshold | p. 261 |
Quantum images in the OPO above and below threshold | p. 264 |
The interference of signal and idler waves in type I PDC | p. 271 |
Quantum spatial intensity correlations in optical parametric down-conversion | p. 274 |
Degenerate OPO below threshold, spatial quantum correlation and entanglement | p. 275 |
Multimode-model for single-pass parametric down-conversion | p. 279 |
Single-pass PDC of type I. Near-field/far-field duality | p. 282 |
Single-pass PDC of type II. Simultaneous near-field and far-field spatial correlation | p. 285 |
Detection of sub-shot-noise spatial correlation in the high gain regime of type II PDC. Spatial analogue of photon antibunching | p. 288 |
Detection of weak amplitude objects beyond the standard quantum limit | p. 295 |
Multimode polarization entanglement in high-gain PDC | p. 295 |
Ghost imaging | p. 298 |
General theory of ghost imaging with entangled beams | p. 300 |
Two paradigmatic imaging schemes | p. 302 |
Spatial average in ghost diffraction: Increase of spatial bandwidth and of speed in retrieval. Homodyne detection scheme | p. 305 |
Debate: Is quantum entanglement really necessary for ghost imaging? | p. 307 |
Ghost imaging by splitted thermal-like beams: Theory | p. 309 |
Resolution aspects, correlation aspects, visibility aspects | p. 311 |
Ghost imaging with splitted thermal beams: Experiment | p. 313 |
Complementarity between "thermal" ghost imaging and the classic Hanbury-Brown-Twiss (HBT) correlation technique, with respect to spatial coherence | p. 317 |
Image amplification by parametric down-conversion | p. 319 |
Twin (quantum entangled) images | p. 319 |
Noiseless amplification of images | p. 321 |
Theory of noiseless amplification of optical images | p. 324 |
Noiseless amplification of optical images: Experiments in the pumped regime | p. 326 |
Noiseless amplification of optical images: Experiment in the cw regime. Experimental observation of twin images | p. 328 |
The quantum laser pointer | p. 329 |
1D experiment | p. 331 |
2D quantum laser pointer | p. 332 |
Miscellaneous | p. 335 |
Object reconstruction | p. 336 |
Entangled two-photon microscopy | p. 337 |
Quantum-optical coherence tomography | p. 338 |
Quantum ellipsometry | p. 338 |
Transverse distribution of quantum fluctuations in free-space spatial solitons | p. 338 |
Quantum fluctuations in cavity solitons | p. 339 |
Quantum holographic teleportation and dense coding of optical images | p. 339 |
Quantum-optical lithography | p. 341 |
References | p. 343 |
Assessment of optical systems by means of point-spread functions | p. 349 |
Introduction | p. 351 |
The optical point-spread function | p. 352 |
Quality assessment by inverse problem solving | p. 354 |
Theory of point-spread function formation | p. 355 |
Field representations and the diffraction integral | p. 355 |
The Debye integral for focused fields | p. 359 |
The Rayleigh-I integral for focused fields | p. 362 |
Comparison of the various diffraction integrals | p. 364 |
The amplitude of the point-spread function produced by an optical system | p. 367 |
Analytic expressions for the point-spread function in the focal region (scalar case) | p. 376 |
Analytic expressions for the point-spread function in the vector diffraction case | p. 384 |
The point-spread function in a stratified medium | p. 389 |
Energy density and power flow in the focal region | p. 391 |
Expression for the electric energy density | p. 391 |
Expression for the Poynting vector | p. 403 |
Quality assessment by inverse problem solution | p. 409 |
Intensity measurements and phase retrieval | p. 410 |
The optical inverse problem for finite-aperture imaging systems | p. 411 |
Solving the optical inverse problem using phase diversity | p. 415 |
Quality assessment using the Extended Nijboer-Zernike diffraction theory | p. 417 |
Scalar retrieval process using the Extended Nijboer-Zernike theory | p. 419 |
Pupil function retrieval for high-NA imaging systems | p. 431 |
Retrieval examples for high-NA systems | p. 435 |
Conclusion and outlook | p. 454 |
Acknowledgements | p. 455 |
Derivation of Weyl's plane wave expansion of a spherical wave | p. 456 |
The Debye integral in the presence of aberrations | p. 457 |
Series expansion of the diffraction integral at large defocus | p. 458 |
Series expansion for the diffraction integral V[superscript m subscript n,j](r, f) | p. 459 |
Expansion using the functions V[superscript m subscript n] (r, f) | p. 460 |
Expansion using the functions T[superscript m subscript n] (r, f) | p. 461 |
The predictor-corrector procedure | p. 463 |
Zernike coefficients for circularly symmetric polarization states | p. 465 |
References | p. 466 |
The discrete Wigner function | p. 469 |
Introduction | p. 471 |
Continuous Wigner function | p. 476 |
Discrete finite space and finite fields | p. 477 |
The generalized Pauli group | p. 480 |
Prime-dimensional spaces | p. 480 |
Power-of-a-prime-dimensional spaces | p. 481 |
Mutually unbiased bases | p. 485 |
The discrete Wigner function | p. 488 |
Wigner function in prime-dimensional spaces | p. 488 |
Wigner function in composite-dimensional spaces | p. 495 |
Wigner function for p[superscript N]-dimensional space | p. 496 |
Reconstruction of the density operator from the discrete Wigner function | p. 498 |
Lines and rays | p. 498 |
Marginal probability density and the density operator | p. 500 |
Tomographic reconstruction | p. 501 |
Rotation operators | p. 502 |
The phase of the displacement operator | p. 507 |
Applications | p. 509 |
Discussion and outlook | p. 512 |
Acknowledgements | p. 513 |
References | p. 514 |
Author index for Volume 51 | p. 517 |
Subject index for volume 51 | p. 533 |
Contents of previous volumes | p. 537 |
Cumulative index - Volumes 1-51 | p. 549 |
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