Progressions, with Readings : Paragraph to Essay

by Clouse, Barbara Fine

• ISBN13: 9780321433169
• ISBN10: 0321433165
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Progressions with Readings helps students learn the characteristics of effective sentences, paragraphs, and essays through unusually extensive support for the student by specifically showing what to do in every step of the writing process. New to the seventh edition: More focus on mixing rhetorical patterns has been added. New attention to student success is highlighted with "Succeeding in College" sections that focus on student achievement across the curriculum. Approximately one-third of the readings throughout the text are new selections. Greater essay coverage is provided, including more discussion of the thesis. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Checklists, Writing Process Tips, Editing Strategies, Strategies for Succeeding in College	p. xv
Preface	p. xvii
The Writing Process
Planning and Writing	p. 1
Planning Your Writing: Generating Ideas	p. 2
Listing	p. 2
Brainstorming	p. 4
Clustering	p. 6
Freewriting	p. 9
Journaling	p. 10
Working Together: Generating Ideas	p. 11
Planning Your Writing: Establishing Your Audience and Purpose	p. 12
Kinds of Details	p. 13
Vocabulary	p. 13
Approach	p. 13
Planning Your Writing: Ordering Your Ideas	p. 14
Chronological Order	p. 14
Spatial Order	p. 15
Emphatic Order	p. 16
Combining Orders	p. 17
Making a Scratch Outline	p. 18
Writing Your First Draft	p. 20
Writing at the Computer	p. 21
Observing a Student Writer at Work	p. 22
Planning: Generating Ideas	p. 22
Planning: Establishing Audience and Purpose	p. 23
Planning: Ordering Ideas	p. 23
Writing the First Draft	p. 23
Writing Assignment	p. 24
Writing Process Tips for Planning and Writing Your Paragraph	p. 25
Succeeding in College	p. 26
Rewriting	p. 27
Rewriting: Revising Your First Draft	p. 27
Get a Different Perspective	p. 28
Work in Stages	p. 29
Get Reader Response	p. 29
Trust Your Instincts	p. 31
Rewriting: Editing Your Draft	p. 32
Get a Fresh Perspective	p. 33
Work Slowly	p. 34
Work in Stages	p. 34
Learn the Rules	p. 34
Trust Your Instincts	p. 34
Rewriting: Proofreading Your Final Copy	p. 35
Writing at the Computer	p. 36
Observing a Student Writer at Work	p. 36
Rewriting: Considering Reader Response	p. 36
Rewriting: Revising the First Draft	p. 37
Revising and Editing the Draft	p. 39
Writing Assignment	p. 41
Writing Process Tips for Rewriting Your Paragraph	p. 41
Succeeding in College	p. 42
The Paragraph
Paragraph Basics	p. 45
A Sample Paragraph	p. 45
The Topic Sentence	p. 47
Writing Effective Topic Sentences	p. 49
Considering Your Writing Process: Planning, Writing, and Rewriting Your Topic Sentence	p. 53
The Supporting Details	p. 54
Adequate Supporting Detail	p. 55
Specific Supporting Detail	p. 57
Use Specific Words	p. 58
Follow General Statements with Specific Statements	p. 62
Relevant Supporting Detail	p. 65
Transitions and Repetition for Coherence	p. 66
Considering Your Writing Process: Planning, Writing, and Rewriting Your Supporting Details	p. 72
The Closing	p. 72
Considering Your Writing Process: Planning, Writing, and Rewriting Your Closing	p. 73
Writing Assignment	p. 74
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Paragraph	p. 75
Succeeding in College	p. 76
Narration	p. 78
A Sample Narrative Paragraph	p. 78
The Topic Sentence	p. 79
Supporting Details	p. 80
Order and Transitions	p. 81
Writing Dialogue	p. 82
The Closing	p. 82
Writing Assignments	p. 85
Combine Narration and Description	p. 85
Respond to a Photograph	p. 85
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Narrative Paragraph	p. 86
Succeeding in College	p. 87
Description	p. 88
A Sample Descriptive Paragraph	p. 88
The Topic Sentence	p. 89
Supporting Details	p. 90
Order and Transitions	p. 91
The Closing	p. 92
Writing Assignments	p. 94
Combine Description and Cause and Effect Analysis	p. 94
Respond to a Photograph	p. 94
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Descriptive Paragraph	p. 95
Succeeding in College	p. 96
Illustration	p. 97
A Sample Illustration Paragraph	p. 97
The Topic Sentence	p. 98
Supporting Details	p. 99
Order and Transitions	p. 100
The Closing	p. 102
Writing Assignments	p. 104
Combine Illustration and Description	p. 104
Respond to an Advertisement	p. 104
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Illustration Paragraph	p. 105
Succeeding in College	p. 106
Process Analysis	p. 107
A Sample Process Analysis	p. 107
The Topic Sentence	p. 108
Supporting Details	p. 109
Order and Transitions	p. 110
The Closing	p. 111
Writing Assignments	p. 113
Combine Process Analysis and Illustration	p. 113
Respond to a Photograph	p. 113
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Process Analysis Paragraph	p. 114
Succeeding in College	p. 115
Definition	p. 116
A Sample Definition Paragraph	p. 116
The Topic Sentence	p. 117
Supporting Details	p. 118
Order and Transitions	p. 118
The Closing	p. 120
Writing Assignments	p. 122
Combine Definition and Illustration	p. 122
Respond to a Photograph	p. 123
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Definition Paragraph	p. 123
Succeeding in College	p. 124
Comparison and Contrast	p. 125
Sample Comparison and Contrast Paragraphs	p. 125
The Topic Sentence	p. 126
Supporting Details	p. 128
Order and Transitions	p. 128
The Closing	p. 129
Writing Assignments	p. 133
Combine Comparison and Contrast and Process Analysis	p. 134
Respond to a Photograph	p. 134
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Comparison and Contrast Paragraph	p. 134
Succeeding in College	p. 135
Cause-and-Effect Analysis	p. 137
Sample Cause-and-Effect Analysis	p. 137
The Topic Sentence	p. 138
Supporting Details	p. 139
Order and Transitions	p. 141
The Closing	p. 142
Writing Assignments	p. 145
Combine Cause-and-Effect Analysis and Description	p. 145
Respond to an Advertisement	p. 145
Writing Process Tips For Composing Your Cause-and-Effect Analysis Paragraph	p. 146
Succeeding in College	p. 146
Classification	p. 148
A Sample Classification Paragraph	p. 148
The Topic Sentence	p. 149
Supporting Details	p. 150
Order and Transitions	p. 154
The Closing	p. 154
Writing Assignments	p. 157
Combine Classification and Cause-and-Effect Analysis	p. 157
Respond to a Photograph	p. 157
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Classification Paragraph	p. 158
Succeeding in College	p. 159
Argument	p. 160
A Sample Argument Paragraph	p. 160
The Topic Sentence	p. 161
Supporting Details	p. 163
Order and Transitions	p. 164
The Closing	p. 165
Writing Assignments	p. 169
Combine Argument and Cause-and-Effect Analysis	p. 170
Respond to a Photograph	p. 170
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Argument Paragraph	p. 171
Succeeding in College	p. 171
The Essay
Writing an Essay	p. 173
The Parts of an Essay	p. 173
A Sample Essay: "No Degree Required"	p. 174
The Introduction	p. 176
The Thesis	p. 176
The Qualities of an Effective Thesis	p. 177
The Lead-In	p. 180
Supporting Paragraphs	p. 181
The Topic Sentence	p. 181
Supporting Details	p. 182
A Supporting Paragraph to Study	p. 183
The Conclusion	p. 185
Planning Your Essay with an Outline Map	p. 187
Student Essays to Study	p. 189
Narration: "A Deadly Afternoon"	p. 190
Description: "My Place of Solitude"	p. 191
Illustration: "One Step Forward and Two Steps Back"	p. 191
Process Analysis: "Making Money with a Garage Sale"	p. 192
Definition: "Runner's High"	p. 193
Comparison and Contrast: "Identical but Different"	p. 194
Cause-and-Effect Analysis: "What Happened When I Quit Smoking"	p. 195
Classification: "Different Kinds of Shoppers"	p. 196
Argument: "Let's Pay College Athletes"	p. 197
Writing Assignments	p. 198
Combine Description and Cause-and-Effect Analysis	p. 199
Respond to a Photograph	p. 199
Writing Process Tips for Composing Your Essay	p. 199
Succeeding in College	p. 200
Effective Sentences
Diagnostic Self-Assessment for Part Four	p. 203
Identifying Subjects and Verbs	p. 206
Subjects and Verbs	p. 207
Identifying Verbs	p. 207
Action Verbs	p. 208
Linking Verbs	p. 208
Helping Verbs	p. 209
Sentences with More Than One Verb	p. 211
Identifying Subjects	p. 213
Sentences with Prepositional Phrases	p. 214
Sentences with Inverted Order	p. 216
Sentences with More Than One Subject	p. 217
Succeeding in College	p. 220
Using Coordination and Subordination	p. 222
Identifying Clauses	p. 223
Two Kinds of Clauses	p. 224
Coordination	p. 225
Joining Main Clauses with Coordinating Conjunctions	p. 225
Joining Main Clauses with Conjunctive Adverbs	p. 230
Subordination	p. 236
Joining a Main Clause with a Subordinate Clause	p. 237
Joining a Main Clause with a Relative Clause	p. 241
Succeeding in College	p. 246
Avoiding Sentence Fragments	p. 247
Identifying Sentence Fragments	p. 248
Missing Subject Fragments	p. 248
Incomplete Verb Fragments	p. 251
Missing Subject and Verb Fragments	p. 253
Subordinate Clause Fragments	p. 255
Succeeding in College	p. 260
Avoiding Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices	p. 262
Identifying Run-On Sentences and Comma Splices	p. 263
Correcting Run-Ons and Comma Splices with a Period and Capital Letter	p. 263
Correcting Run-Ons and Comma Splices with a Comma and Coordinating Conjunction	p. 264
Correcting Run-Ons and Comma Splices with a Semicolon	p. 266
Warning Words and Phrases	p. 268
Succeeding in College	p. 270
Writing Sentences with Variety and Parallelism	p. 272
Sentence Variety	p. 273
Begin with One or Two -ly Words	p. 273
Begin with an -ing Verb or Phrase	p. 275
Begin with an -ed Verb or Phrase	p. 278
Begin with a Prepositional Phrase	p. 280
Parallelism: Words in Series and Pairs	p. 283
Parallelism: Pairs of Conjunctions	p. 287
Succeeding in College	p. 289
Choosing Words Carefully	p. 291
Wordiness	p. 292
Double Negatives	p. 295
Slang	p. 296
Cliches	p. 297
Vocabulary Building	p. 298
Succeeding in College	p. 300
Comprehensive Post Test for Part Four	p. 302
Grammar and Usage
Diagnostic Self-Assessment for Part Five	p. 307
Using Verbs Correctly	p. 311
Verb Forms	p. 312
Regular Verbs	p. 313
Present Tense Forms for Regular Verbs	p. 313
Past Tense Forms for Regular Verbs	p. 316
Past Participle Forms for Regular Verbs	p. 317
Irregular Verbs	p. 318
Present Tense Forms for Irregular Verbs	p. 321
Present Tense Forms for Be, Have, and Do	p. 323
Past Tense Forms for Irregular Verbs	p. 325
Past Tense Forms for Be	p. 326
Past Participle Forms for Irregular Verbs	p. 327
Subject-Verb Agreement	p. 330
Compound Subjects	p. 333
Collective Noun Subjects	p. 334
Indefinite Pronoun Subjects	p. 335
Phrases between the Subject and Verb	p. 336
Inverted Order	p. 337
Who, Which, That	p. 338
Tense Shifts	p. 340
Succeeding in College	p. 343
Using Pronouns Correctly	p. 345
Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement	p. 346
Compound Subject Antecedents	p. 348
Collective Noun Antecedents	p. 349
Indefinite Pronoun Antecedents	p. 350
Nonsexist Usage	p. 352
Phrases after the Antecedent	p. 353
Pronoun Reference	p. 355
Unclear Reference	p. 355
Unstated Reference	p. 356
Subject, Object, and Possessive Pronouns	p. 360
Subject Pronouns	p. 360
Object Pronouns	p. 361
Possessive Pronouns	p. 362
Who and Whom	p. 362
Subject and Object Pronouns in Compounds	p. 364
Subject and Object Pronouns Paired with Nouns	p. 366
Subject and Object Pronouns in Comparisons	p. 367
Person Shift	p. 368
Succeeding in College	p. 374
Using Modifiers Correctly	p. 376
Adjectives and Adverbs	p. 377
-ly Adverbs	p. 378
Good/Well	p. 380
Comparative and Superlative Forms	p. 381
Dangling Modifiers	p. 384
Misplaced Modifiers	p. 386
Succeeding in College	p. 389
Using Capital Letters and Punctuation Correctly	p. 390
Capital Letters	p. 392
The Period, Question Mark, and Exclamation Point to End Sentences	p. 398
The Period	p. 398
The Question Mark	p. 398
The Exclamation Point	p. 399
Commas	p. 400
Commas with Dates	p. 400
Commas with Places and Addresses	p. 400
Commas with Words, Phrases, and Clauses in a Series	p. 401
Commas with Coordination	p. 403
Commas with Introductory Elements	p. 404
Commas with Interrupters	p. 405
Commas with Coordinate Modifiers	p. 407
Commas with Direct Address	p. 408
Semicolons	p. 409
Semicolons to Separate Main Clauses	p. 409
Semicolons with Items in a Series	p. 410
Colons, Parentheses, and Dashes	p. 412
The Colon	p. 412
Parentheses	p. 413
The Dash	p. 413
Apostrophes	p. 414
Apostrophes for Possession	p. 414
Apostrophes with Contractions	p. 417
Other Uses for the Apostrophe	p. 419
Quotation Marks	p. 420
Quotation Marks with Exact Spoken or Written Words	p. 420
Quotation Marks with Titles of Short Published Works	p. 423
Succeeding in College	p. 425
Eliminating Problems with Frequently Confused Words and Spelling	p. 427
Frequently Confused Words	p. 428
A/An	p. 428
Accept/Except	p. 428
Advice/Advise	p. 429
Affect/Effect	p. 430
All Ready/Already	p. 431
All Right/Alright	p. 431
Among/Between	p. 431
Been/Being	p. 432
Beside/Besides	p. 433
Can/Could	p. 434
Fewer/Less	p. 435
Good/Well	p. 435
It's/Its	p. 436
Of/Have	p. 437
Passed/Past	p. 437
Quiet/Quit/Quite	p. 438
Suppose/Supposed	p. 439
Then/Than	p. 440
There/Their/They're	p. 441
Through/Though/Threw	p. 442
To/Too/Two	p. 443
Use/Used	p. 444
Where/Were/We're	p. 444
Will/Would	p. 445
Whose/Who's	p. 446
Your/You're	p. 447
Spelling	p. 448
Spelling Rules	p. 448
Frequently Misspelled Words	p. 453
The Hyphen	p. 454
Succeeding in College	p. 457
Comprehensive Post Test for Part Five	p. 459
Sentence Skills Workshop
Editing for One Kind of Error	p. 463
Editing for Multiple Kinds of Errors	p. 477
From Reading to Writing
Writing in Response to Reading	p. 487
Active Reading	p. 487
Surveying	p. 488
Reading without Interruption	p. 489
Reading and Studying	p. 489
Testing Yourself	p. 489
A Sample Active Reading	p. 489
"Students in Shock"	p. 490
Narration	p. 494
"Did I Save Lives or Engage in Racial Profiling?"	p. 494
Description	p. 498
"A Link to the Living"	p. 498
Illustration	p. 501
"Words that Wound"	p. 501
Process Analysis	p. 505
"Dumpster Diving"	p. 505
Definition	p. 508
"Supermodel?"	p. 508
Comparison and Contrast	p. 512
"They Shut My Grandmother's Room Door"	p. 512
Cause-and-Effect Analysis	p. 515
"Sometimes Honesty Is the Worst Policy"	p. 515
Classification	p. 518
"Mother Tongue"	p. 518
Argument	p. 524
"Money for Morality"	p. 524
Succeeding in College	p. 527
Writing Summaries and Essay Examination Answers	p. 528
Writing a Summary	p. 528
The Characteristics of a Summary	p. 528
How to Write a Summary	p. 531
A Sample Summary	p. 532
"How Bingeing Became the New College Sport"	p. 533
Writing Essay Examination Answers	p. 535
How to Take Essay Examinations	p. 535
Test-Taking Strategies	p. 537
Two Answers to Study	p. 538
Succeeding in College	p. 539
Ten Tips for ESL Students	p. 541
Answers to Diagnostic Self-Assessments and Pretests	p. 545
Credits	p. 551
Index	p. 552
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