Protoplanetary Dust: Astrophysical and Cosmochemical Perspectives

by Edited by Dániel Apai , Dante S. Lauretta

• ISBN13: 9780521517720
• ISBN10: 0521517729
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-02-26
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Planet formation studies uniquely benefit from three disciplines: astronomical observations of extrasolar planet-forming disks, analysis of material from the early Solar System, and laboratory astrophysics experiments. Pre-planetary solids, fine dust, and chondritic components are central elements linking these studies. This book is the first comprehensive overview of planet formation, in which astronomers, cosmochemists, and laboratory astrophysicists jointly discuss the latest insights from the Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes, new interferometers, space missions including Stardust and Deep Impact, and laboratory techniques. Following the evolution of solids from their genesis through protoplanetary disks to rocky planets, the book discusses in detail how the latest results from these disciplines fit into a coherent picture. This volume provides a clear introduction and valuable reference for students and researchers in astronomy, cosmochemistry, laboratory astrophysics, and planetary sciences.

Author Biography

Dniel Apai is an Assistant Astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute. His research focuses on the observational characterization of the origins and properties of extrasolar planets and planetary systems. Dante S. Lauretta is an Associate Professor of Planetary Science and Cosmochemistry at the University of Arizona's Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. His research interests include the chemistry and mineralogy of asteroids and comets as determined by in situ laboratory analysis and spacecraft observations.

Table of Contents

List of contributing authors	p. xi
Preface	p. xv
Acknowledgments	p. xviii
Planet formation and protoplanetary dust	p. 1
Types of extraterrestrial material available	p. 2
Chronology of planet formation	p. 6
Protostellar collapse	p. 8
Structural evolution of protoplanetary disks	p. 9
Chemical evolution of the gas disks	p. 11
Laboratory dust analogs	p. 12
Dust composition in protoplanetary disks	p. 13
Dust coagulation	p. 14
Thermal processing of the pre-planetary material	p. 15
Dispersal of protoplanetary disks	p. 17
Accretion of planetesimals and rocky planets	p. 18
Key challenges and perspectives	p. 19
The origins of protoplanetary dust and the formation of accretion disks	p. 27
Dust in the interstellar medium	p. 28
Presolar grains in primitive Solar System materials	p. 40
Star formation	p. 52
Evolution of protoplanetary disk structures	p. 66
Some properties of protoplanetary disks	p. 67
Protoplanetary disk structure and evolution	p. 70
Particle dynamics	p. 80
Protoplanetary disk dynamics and dust evolution	p. 85
Summary	p. 92
Chemical and isotopic evolution of the solar nebula and protoplanetary disks	p. 97
Protoplanetary disks	p. 99
Chemical constraints from early Solar System materials	p. 110
Isotopic anomalies and condensation sequence	p. 111
Oxygen isotopes	p. 113
Summary	p. 122
Laboratory studies of simple dust analogs in astrophysical environments	p. 128
Dust-analog synthesis	p. 131
Characterization techniques	p. 136
Dust processing	p. 140
Grain-growth studies	p. 143
Grain-catalysis studies	p. 149
Conclusion	p. 155
Dust composition in protoplanetary disks	p. 161
Modeling the dust composition	p. 162
Laboratory studies of Solar System dust	p. 164
Dust composition in Solar System samples	p. 166
Remote sensing of dust around young stars and in comets	p. 170
Composition of the dust	p. 177
Processing history of grains as derived from the dust composition	p. 185
Dust particle size evolution	p. 191
Dust coagulation in the Solar System and in extrasolar protoplanetary disks	p. 192
Nomenclature and definitions	p. 193
Coagulation basics	p. 196
Laboratory simulations of dust coagulation	p. 197
Observational tracers of grain coagulation	p. 198
Chondritic meteorites	p. 206
What do chondrite matrices tell us about the grain size of nebular dust?	p. 214
Dust coagulation: how and when?	p. 217
Constraints on dust coagulation from amorphous silicates	p. 219
When did dust coagulation occur?	p. 221
Astronomical versus meteoritic constraints	p. 223
Thermal processing in protoplanetary nebulae	p. 230
Thermal processing: annealing and evaporation	p. 231
Observations of thermal processing in protoplanetary disks	p. 234
Thermal processing in the Solar System: chondrites	p. 241
Heating mechanisms	p. 250
How would Solar System formation look to an outside observer	p. 256
Promising future experiments	p. 257
The clearing of protoplanetary disks and of the proto-solar nebula	p. 263
The observed lifetime of protoplanetary disks	p. 263
Disk dispersal processes	p. 274
Our Solar System	p. 277
Discussion	p. 288
Accretion of planetesimals and the formation of rocky planets	p. 299
Observational constraints on rocky-planet formation	p. 300
Planetesimal formation	p. 304
Growth of rocky planets	p. 312
The effect of the giant planets and the formation of the Asteroid Belt	p. 321
Summary	p. 328
Common minerals in the Solar System	p. 336
Mass spectrometry	p. 340
Basics of light absorption and scattering theory	p. 343
Glossary	p. 349
Index	p. 363
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