Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing

by Mohr, Wanda K.

• ISBN13: 9780781753692
• ISBN10: 0781753694
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-01
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

Completely revised, this student-friendly, succinct yet thorough text focuses on what's most important in psychiatric-mental health nursing, from core concepts to nursing care for specific disorders. This edition has brand-new chapters on evidence-based practice, the multidisciplinary team, family therapies, and sleep disorders, plus new information on psychopharmacology, childhood autism, and mental retardation. New features include multidisciplinary care photo essays, Challenging Behavior boxes, NIC/NOC boxes, and critical thinking questions. The improved art program features more photography and illustrations of neuroscience and psychopharmacology concepts. A front-of-book CD-ROM contains study guides, movie viewing guides, psychiatric drug information, and Clinical Simulations. Ancillaries include an Instructor's Resource CD-ROM and Test Generator.

Table of Contents

UNIT 1 FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHIATRIC-MENTAL HEALTH NURSING	1	(152)
Introduction to Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing	3	(16)
Wanda K. Mohr
Mental Health and Mental Illness	4	(8)
The Mental Health-Illness Continuum	4	(1)
Mental Health: A Report of the Surgeon General	5	(1)
Elements of Mental Health	5	(1)
Influences on Mental Health	5	(1)
Incidence and Prevalence of Mental Illness	5	(1)
Etiology of Mental Illness	6	(1)
Diagnosis of Mental Illness	6	(3)
Prevention and Treatment of Mental Illness	9	(3)
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing	12	(7)
Nursing Process and Standards of Care	13	(1)
Levels of Practice	14	(1)
Guiding Principles	15	(1)
The Role of the Psychiatric Nurse as a Team Member	15	(4)
Neuroscience: Biology and Behavior	19	(18)
Wanda K. Mohr
Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology	20	(12)
Neurons	20	(4)
Central Nervous System	24	(6)
The Role of Genetics	30	(2)
Other Topics in Neuroscience	32	(5)
Memory, Repetition, and Learning	32	(1)
Circadian Rhythm	32	(1)
Psychoneuroimmunology	32	(1)
Neuroimaging Techniques	33	(4)
Conceptual Frameworks and Theories	37	(18)
Wanda K. Mohr
Theories: Who Cares and So What?	38	(1)
Theories of Human Behavior	39	(10)
Psychoanalytic Perspective	39	(3)
Behavior Theory	42	(3)
Cognitive Theory	45	(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Theory	46	(1)
The Humanistic Perspective	47	(1)
The Interpersonal Perspective	47	(1)
The Biophysiological Perspective	48	(1)
The Sociocultural Viewpoint	48	(1)
Toward a Comprehensive, Multidisciplinary Understanding of Psychopathology	49	(6)
The Emergence of Mental Illness	50	(1)
Multidimensionality of Assessment (Assessing Multiple Systems)	51	(4)
Therapeutic Relationships and Communication	55	(24)
Catherine Deering
Therapeutic Relationships	56	(9)
Essential Elements	57	(2)
Obstacles to Establishing a Therapeutic Relationship	59	(3)
Phases of the Therapeutic Relationship	62	(3)
Therapeutic Communication	65	(14)
Theoretical Framework and Communication Model	66	(1)
Listening	66	(3)
Assertiveness	69	(1)
Confrontation and Limit Setting	69	(1)
Self-Disclosure	69	(6)
Therapeutic Communication in Special Situations	75	(4)
Culture	79	(22)
Mary Huggins
Culture	81	(7)
Changing Demographics and Cultural Awareness	81	(2)
Culturally Competent Healthcare	83	(5)
Disparities in Mental Health and Barriers to Effective Treatment	88	(5)
Variability and Vulnerability	89	(1)
Ethnopharmacology	89	(1)
Accessibility	89	(2)
Racial Bias	91	(1)
Religious and Spiritual Influences	91	(2)
Sociocultural Variations in Response to Mental Healthcare	93	(2)
African-American Clients	93	(1)
Native American Clients	93	(1)
Hispanic and Latino(a) Clients	94	(1)
Asian and Pacific Islander Clients	94	(1)
Middle Eastern Clients	94	(1)
Culturally Competent and Congruent Nursing Care	95	(6)
Essential Skills	96	(1)
Phases of Transcultural Nursing Knowledge	96	(1)
Transcultural Assessment	97	(1)
Building Cultural Awareness	97	(1)
Cultural Self-Awareness	98	(3)
The Nursing Process in Psychiatric-Mental Healthcare	101	(20)
Suzanne Perraud
Steps of the Nursing Process	102	(19)
Assessment	103	(1)
Nursing Diagnosis	104	(10)
Planning	114	(2)
Implementation	116	(1)
Evaluation	117	(4)
Legal and Ethical Aspects of Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing	121	(20)
Robin S. Diamond
Gwen Larsen
Rebecca F. Cady
Legal Issues in Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing	123	(10)
Nurse Practice Acts and the Expanding Role of Nursing	124	(1)
Malpractice	124	(1)
Obtaining Legal Counsel	125	(1)
Basic Rights of Clients Receiving Psychiatric Nursing Care	126	(4)
Evolving Legal Rights	130	(1)
Client Status and Specific Legal Issues	131	(2)
Legal Issues and Special Client Populations	133	(1)
Ethical Issues in Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing	133	(8)
Bioethical Principles in Psychiatric Nursing Practice	135	(1)
Nursing Ethics in Community Mental Health	136	(1)
Boundaries in Ethical Nursing Care	136	(5)
Evidence-Based Practice and Pseudoscience	141	(12)
Wanda K. Mohr
Science	142	(3)
Principles of the Scientific Method	142	(1)
Types of Scientific Evidence	143	(2)
Pseudoscience	145	(4)
Pseudoscience Versus Science	145	(1)
Myths	145	(1)
Quackery	146	(1)
The Dangers of ``Junk Science''	147	(1)
The Dangers of Pseudoscientific Interventions: The Case of Attachment Therapy	148	(1)
Implications for Professional Nurses	149	(4)
UNIT II CONCEPTUAL BASES OF TREATMENT	153	(164)
Working with the Multidisciplinary Team	155	(16)
Jeffrey Anderson
Catherine Johnson
Tara A. Mohr
Theodore A. Petti
Patricia A. Troyanowski
The Psychologist	156	(4)
Educational Background and Training	156	(1)
The Role of the School Psychologist	156	(3)
The Psychologist, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team	159	(1)
The Occupational Therapist	160	(3)
Educational Background and Training	160	(1)
The Role of an Occupational Therapist	160	(1)
The Occupational Therapist, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team	161	(2)
The Professional Social Worker	163	(3)
Educational Background and Training	164	(1)
The Role of the Social Worker	164	(1)
The Social Worker, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team	165	(1)
The Psychiatrist	166	(1)
Educational Background and Training	166	(1)
The Role of the Child Psychiatrist	167	(1)
The Psychiatrist, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team	167	(1)
The Registered Dietitian	167	(1)
Educational Background and Training	168	(1)
The Role of the Registered Dietitian	168	(1)
The Registered Dietitian, Nurse, and Multidisciplinary Team	168	(1)
Benefits of the Multidisciplinary Approach	168	(3)
Collaborative Care of Individuals	171	(18)
Jeanneane L. Cline
Collaborative Goals of Individual Therapy	172	(1)
Types of Individual Psychotherapy	172	(11)
Classic Psychoanalysis	172	(1)
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy	173	(5)
Transtheoretical Model of Intentional Behavior Change	178	(1)
Behavioral Therapy	179	(2)
Brief, Solution-Focused Therapy	181	(1)
Choice Therapy	181	(2)
The Nurse's Role	183	(6)
Levels of Clinical Nursing Practice	183	(1)
Therapeutic Interventions in Nursing	183	(6)
Collaborative Care of Groups	189	(20)
Barbara Caldwell
Group Process	190	(8)
What Is a Group?	190	(1)
Characteristics of Groups	190	(1)
Types of Groups	190	(1)
Group Norms	190	(1)
Group Leadership	190	(4)
Group Roles	194	(1)
Group Communication	195	(1)
Stages of Group Development	195	(3)
Group Therapy	198	(5)
Advantages and Disadvantages	199	(1)
Therapeutic Factors of Group Therapy	199	(3)
Types of Therapy Groups	202	(1)
Nurses and Group Process and Therapy	203	(6)
Group Process and Therapy in Nursing Education	203	(1)
Group Process and Therapy in Nursing Practice	204	(5)
Family Therapies	209	(12)
Linda Finke
Theoretical Foundations for Working with Families	211	(10)
Family as a System	211	(1)
Developmental Perspective of the Family Life Cycle	212	(1)
Role of the Family	212	(1)
Family and Stress	212	(2)
Strengths Perspective With Families	214	(7)
Working With Families of Clients With Psychiatric Disorders	221	(22)
Victoria Conn
Family Caregiving 1850 To 2000	222	(1)
Family Burden	222	(9)
Objective Burden	224	(2)
Subjective Burden	226	(1)
Iatrogenic Burden	226	(5)
Family Resilience	231	(1)
Needs of Families for Secondary Prevention	231	(12)
Families as a Population at Risk	231	(2)
Family Consultation	233	(2)
Family Empowerment	235	(2)
Family Education	237	(2)
Psychotherapy and Medication	239	(4)
Psychopharmacology	243	(44)
Geraldine Pearson
Important Principles of Psychopharmacotherapeutics and Pharmacodynamics	244	(3)
Receptors	245	(1)
Agonists	245	(1)
Antagonists	245	(1)
Affinity	245	(1)
Efficacy	245	(1)
Potency	245	(1)
Target Symptoms	246	(1)
Refractoriness	246	(1)
Half-Life	246	(1)
Polypharmacy	246	(1)
Substrates	246	(1)
Clinical Trials	246	(1)
Important Psychotherapeutic Drugs	247	(32)
Medications for Mood Disorders	248	(12)
Anxiolytics	260	(2)
Antipsychotic (Neuroleptic) Agents	262	(6)
Cognitive Enhancers	268	(11)
Important Issues Related to Psychopharmacology and Nursing Management	279	(3)
Life Span Considerations	279	(2)
Ethnopharmacology	281	(1)
Use of Alternative Agents to Treat Psychiatric Illness	281	(1)
Nursing Research	282	(5)
Spirituality in Psychiatric Care	287	(12)
Wanda K. Mohr
Spirituality and Religion	288	(1)
Spirituality, Religion, and Mental Health and Illness	289	(1)
Illness Prevention	289	(1)
Negative Effects of Religious Involvement and Spirituality	290	(1)
Spirituality, Religion, and Mental Illness	290	(1)
Religious and Spiritual Interventions in Mental Healthcare	290	(4)
Changing Attitudes and Philosophies	290	(1)
Clarifying Values	291	(1)
The Role of Clergy in Mental Healthcare	291	(1)
The Role of the Nurse in Mental Healthcare	292	(2)
Ethical Concerns	294	(5)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine	299	(18)
Jeanneane L. Cline
Overview of Complementary and Alternative Medicine	300	(2)
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine and CAM Expansion	300	(1)
Prevalence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine	300	(1)
Research Studies	301	(1)
Ethical and Legal Considerations	301	(1)
Classification of Complementary and Alternative Medicine	302	(10)
Alternative Systems of Medical Practice	302	(2)
Mind-Body Interventions	304	(1)
Biologically Based Therapies	305	(5)
Manipulative and Body-Based Methods	310	(1)
Energy Therapies	310	(2)
The Nurse's Role	312	(5)
UNIT III CONTINUUM OF CARE	317	(108)
Community Mental Health, Support, and Rehabilitation	319	(20)
Mary Huggins
Jeffrey A. Anderson
Community Mental Health	320	(3)
Historical Perspective	320	(1)
Levels of Prevention	321	(2)
Community Support Systems	323	(16)
Components of a Community Support System	324	(1)
Community Support Programs	324	(4)
Public Policy and Trends	328	(11)
Psychiatric Home Care Nursing	339	(14)
Yu-Ru Lin
Overview of Psychiatric Home Care	340	(1)
Psychiatric Home Care Nursing	340	(13)
Historical Perspective	340	(1)
Principles of Psychiatric Home Care Nursing	341	(1)
Goals of Psychiatric Home Care Nursing	341	(1)
Services of Psychiatric Home Care Nursing	342	(1)
Client Characteristics	342	(1)
Providers	343	(10)
Violence and Abuse Within the Community	353	(24)
Kathleen R. Delaney
Delia Esparza
Diane Hinderliter
Karen Van Dyke Lamb
Wanda K. Mohr
The Ecological Model of Violence	354	(1)
Societal Influences and Macrosystem	354	(1)
Microsystem	355	(1)
Individual Factors	355	(1)
Public Health Approach to Violence Prevention	355	(1)
Youth Violence	356	(2)
Risk and Protective Factors for Youth Violence	356	(1)
Public Health Approach to Youth Violence	357	(1)
Nurses' Role in Youth Violence Prevention Efforts	357	(1)
Family Violence	358	(7)
Intimate Partner Violence	358	(2)
Child Maltreatment	360	(3)
Elder Abuse	363	(2)
Rape and Sexual Assault	365	(12)
Types of Rape	365	(1)
Rape Trauma Syndrome	366	(1)
Additional Ramifications of Rape	367	(1)
Treatment for Survivors of Rape or Sexual Assault	367	(10)
Forensic Nursing	377	(18)
Cindy A. Peternelj-Taylor
Anita G. Hufft
Forensic Settings	379	(1)
Factors Contributing to Incarceration	379	(1)
Court Diversion Schemes	380	(1)
Characteristics of the Forensic Population	380	(3)
Mentally III Offenders	380	(1)
Violent Offenders	380	(1)
Special Populations	381	(2)
Effects of Incarceration on Mental Health	383	(1)
Characteristics of Forensic Psychiatric Nurses	383	(12)
Attitudes	383	(1)
Skills	384	(11)
Crisis Intervention	395	(16)
Phyllis M. Connolly
Crisis Theory	396	(4)
Phases of a Crisis	397	(1)
Types of Crises	398	(2)
Crisis Prevention	400	(1)
Crisis Intervention and Stabilization	400	(11)
Crisis Intervention Versus Traditional Therapies	401	(1)
Crisis Intervention Across Contexts	401	(1)
Characteristics and Skills of the Crisis Intervener	401	(1)
Crisis Intervention Variations	402	(9)
Homeless Clients	411	(14)
Kay Peterson
Demographics	412	(1)
Homelessness and Mental Illness	412	(13)
Factors Contributing to Homelessness in the Mentally III	414	(2)
Critical Issues Affecting the Homeless Mentally III	416	(9)
UNIT IV NURSING CARE FOR CLIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS	425	(344)
The Client With a Sleep Disorder	427	(18)
Nancy S. Redeker
Sleep	428	(3)
Physiology of Sleep	428	(1)
Purposes of Sleep	429	(1)
Influences on Sleep	430	(1)
Sleep Disorders	431	(14)
Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria	432	(4)
Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses	436	(1)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	436	(9)
The Client With an Anxiety Disorder	445	(26)
Judith A. Greene
Anxiety	446	(2)
The Continuum of Anxiety	446	(1)
Normal Versus Abnormal Anxiety	447	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	448	(23)
Etiology	448	(1)
Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria	449	(9)
Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses	458	(1)
Differential Diagnosis	459	(1)
Implications and Prognoses	459	(1)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	459	(12)
The Client With a Somatoform or Dissociative Disorder	471	(36)
Carol J. Cornwell
Somatoform Disorders	472	(19)
Epidemiology	473	(1)
Cultural Considerations	473	(1)
Etiology	473	(1)
Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria	473	(5)
Differential Diagnoses	478	(1)
Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses	479	(1)
Implications and Prognosis	479	(1)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	479	(12)
Dissociative Disorders	491	(16)
Epidemiology	492	(1)
Cultural Considerations	492	(1)
Etiology	492	(1)
Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria	493	(1)
Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses	494	(2)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	496	(11)
The Client With a Sexual or Gender Disorder	507	(26)
Delia Esparza
Human Sexuality	508	(3)
Effects of Sexual Orientation on Sexual Expression	509	(1)
Effects of Culture on Sexual Expression	509	(1)
Effects of III Health on Sexual Expression	509	(2)
Normal Age-Related Sexual Changes	511	(1)
Sexual and Gender Disorders	511	(22)
Sexual Dysfunction Disorders	511	(17)
Paraphilias	528	(1)
Gender Identity Disorders	529	(1)
Compulsive Sexual Behavior	529	(4)
The Client With a Personality Disorder	533	(20)
Judith Greene
Personality Disorders	534	(16)
Etiology	534	(1)
Signs and Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria	534	(7)
Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses	541	(1)
Implications and Prognosis	541	(1)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	541	(9)
Nurse's Self-Care	550	(3)
The Client With an Eating Disorder	553	(24)
Susan D. Decker
Eating Disorders	554	(23)
Etiology	554	(3)
Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria	557	(3)
Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses	560	(1)
Implications and Prognosis	560	(1)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	560	(17)
The Client With a Mood Disorder	577	(42)
Carol J. Cornwell
Mood Disorders	578	(41)
Epidemiology	578	(1)
Etiology	579	(4)
Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria	583	(7)
Implications and Prognosis	590	(1)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	590	(29)
The Client With a Thought Disorder	619	(40)
Geraldine S. Pearson
Schizophrenia and Other Thought Disorders	620	(39)
The Stigma of Schizophrenia	621	(1)
Etiology	621	(5)
Signs and Symptoms and Diagnostic Criteria	626	(8)
Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses	634	(1)
Differential Diagnosis	634	(1)
Implications and Prognosis	634	(1)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	635	(24)
The Client Who Displays Angry, Aggressive, or Violent Behavior	659	(28)
Bonnie Louise Rickelman
Aggressive Behavior, Hostility-Related Variables, and Violence	660	(27)
Aggression and Violence in People With Psychiatric Diagnoses	661	(2)
Aggression and Violence Associated With Selected Medical Conditions	663	(4)
Aggression and Violence Associated With Psychological Factors	667	(1)
Aggression and Violence Associated With Social-Environmental Factors	668	(1)
Legal Issues	668	(1)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	669	(18)
The Client Who Abuses Drugs or Alcohol	687	(36)
Carol J. Cornwell
Melissa K. Lickteig
Substance Abuse and Dependence	688	(35)
Historical Context	688	(1)
Epidemiology	689	(1)
Prenatal Alcohol and Drug Abuse	690	(1)
Cultural and Ethnic Considerations	690	(2)
Etiology	692	(2)
Comorbidities and Dual Diagnoses	694	(1)
Implications and Prognosis	694	(1)
Signs and Symptoms/Diagnostic Criteria	695	(4)
Interdisciplinary Goals and Treatment	699	(24)
The Client With a Cognitive Disorder	723	(46)
Anita Amel Thompson-Heisterman
Cognitive Disorders	724	(45)
Delirium	726	(8)
Dementia	734	(30)
Amnestic Disorders	764	(5)
UNIT V NURSING CARE ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN	769	(62)
The Pediatric Client	771	(40)
Wanda K. Mohr
Mental Health and Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents	772	(12)
Theories of Child Development	773	(2)
Risk Factors for Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders	775	(2)
Protective and Resilient Influences for Mental Health	777	(1)
General Interventions for Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders	777	(7)
Common Psychiatric Disorders of Children and Adolescents	784	(4)
Disruptive Behavior Disorders	788	(7)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder	788	(6)
Oppositional Defiant Disorder	794	(1)
Conduct Disorder	795	(1)
Adjustment Disorders	795	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	795	(2)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	795	(1)
Phobias	796	(1)
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)	796	(1)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	796	(1)
Separation Anxiety Disorder	796	(1)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder	796	(1)
Mood Disorders	797	(4)
Depression	797	(3)
Bipolar Disorder	800	(1)
Autism Spectrum Disorders	801	(1)
Autism	801	(1)
Asperger's Syndrome	801	(1)
Eating Disorders	802	(1)
Substance Abuse	802	(1)
Tic Disorders	803	(1)
Trichotillomania	803	(2)
Suicide	805	(1)
Children with Medical Illness or Disability	805	(1)
Mental Retardation	806	(1)
Nurses' Self-Care	806	(5)
The Older Adult With a Mental Health Issue	811	(20)
Anita Amel Thompson-Heisterman
Demographics of Aging and Future Trends	812	(1)
Biopsychosocial Components of Aging	813	(4)
Biologic Issues and Influences	813	(1)
Biologic Risk Factors Affecting Health and Functional Status	814	(1)
Psychosocial Issues and Influences of Aging	815	(1)
Sociopolitical Issues and Influences	816	(1)
The Older Adult with a Psychiatric Disorder	817	(4)
Sleep Disorders	817	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	817	(2)
Somatoform Disorders	819	(1)
Mood Disorders	819	(1)
Schizophrenia	820	(1)
Delusional Disorders	820	(1)
Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders	821	(1)
Cognitive Disorders	821	(1)
Communicating Effectively With Older Adults	821	(1)
Care of the Older Adult	821	(6)
Components of a Comprehensive Mental Health Assessment	822	(2)
Intervention and Treatment	824	(2)
Role of the Nurse	826	(1)
Promoting Mental Health and Wellness in Older Adults	827	(4)
Nutrition and Fluids	827	(1)
Mental and Physical Activities	827	(1)
Support Systems	828	(3)
Glossary	831	(12)
Appendix A	843	(34)
Appendix B	877	(8)
Appendix C	885	(2)
Appendix D	887	(4)
Appendix E	891	(2)
Appendix F	893	(1)
Appendix G	894	(1)
Index	895