The psychoanalytic theory of neurosis

by Fenichel,Otto

• ISBN13: 9780415210874
• ISBN10: 0415210879
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-07-31
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Routledge is now re-issuing this prestigious series of 204 volumes originally published between 1910 and 1965. The titles include works by key figures such asC.G. Jung, Sigmund Freud, Jean Piaget, Otto Rank, James Hillman, Erich Fromm, Karen Horney and Susan Isaacs. Each volume is available on its own, as part of a themed mini-set, or as part of a specially-priced 204-volume set. A brochure listing each title in the International Library of Psychology series is available upon request.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
PART ONE PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS
A. Introduction
Introductory Remarks on Psychoanalysis and the Theory of Neurosis	3	(8)
The Dynamic, The Economic, and The Structural Points of View	11	(12)
Mental Dynamics
Mental Economics
Conscious and Unconscious
The Mental Structure
Initial Essay at a Definition of Neurosis
Neurotic Symptoms and Affects
The Method of Psychoanalysis	23	(10)
Introductory Remarks
The Basic Rule
Interpretation
Devices of Distortion
Types of Resistances
Transference
Criteria for the Correctness of Interpretations
B. The Mental Development
Early Mental Development: The Archaic Ego	33	(21)
Methodological Difficulties in the Investigation of the Early Phases of Development
The Earliest Stages
The Finding of Objects and the Constitution of the Ego
Early Perception and Primary Identification
Omnipotence and Self-Esteem
The Development of Motility and Active Mastery
Anxiety
Thinking and the Development of the Sense of Reality
Defenses against Impulses
Further Remarks about Adaptation and Reality Sense
Early Mental Development (Continued): Development of Instincts, Infantile Sexuality	54	(48)
What Are Instincts?
Classification of Instincts
Criticisms of the Concept of a Death Instinct
Infantile Sexuality
The Oral Stage
The Anal-Sadistic Stage
Urethral Eroticism
Other Erogenous Zones
Partial Instincts
The Phallic Phase; Castration Anxiety in Boys
The Phallic Phase in Girls; Penis Envy
The Archaic Types of Object Relationships
Love and Hate
Social Feelings
The Mother as the First Object
Change of Object in Girls
The Oedipus Complex
Types of Object Choice
The Problem of Female Castration Fear
Summary
Later Phases of Development: The Superego	102	(15)
Early Stages of the Superego
The Establishment of the Superego
The Functions of the Superego
The ``Passing of the Oedipus Complex''
Vicissitudes of the Superego
The Latency Period
Puberty
PART TWO PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF NEUROSIS
A. Traumatic Neuroses
Traumatic Neuroses	117	(12)
The Concept of Trauma
Blocking of or Decrease in Ego Functions
Emotional Spells
Sleep Disturbances and Repetition Symptoms
Psychoneurotic Complications
Secondary Gains
Psychoanalysis in the Therapy of Traumatic Neuroses
B. Psychoneuroses, the Neurotic Conflict
The Motives of Defense	129	(12)
What Is a Neurotic Conflict?
Are Neurotic Conflicts between Opposing Instincts Possible?
The External World in Neurotic Conflicts
The Superego in Neurotic Conflicts
Anxiety as Motive for Defense
Guilt Feelings as Motive for Defense
Disgust and Shame as Motives for Defense
Summary
Are There Any Innate Primary Anti-Instinct Forces?
The Mechanisms of Defense	141	(27)
Classification of Defenses
Sublimation
Pathogenic Defenses
Defenses against Affects
The Direct Clinical Symptoms of the Neurotic Conflict	168	(25)
Classification of the Direct Clinical Symptoms of the Neurotic Conflict
Specific Avoidances and Inhibitions
Impotence and Frigidity
Inhibitions of Partial Instincts
Inhibitions of Aggressiveness
Inhibitions of Sexualized Functions
Actual Neuroses, Symptoms of Unspecific Inhibitions
Anxiety Neurosis
Positive Neurasthenic Symptoms
Disturbances of Sleep
General Remarks about Chronic Neurasthenia
Therapeutic Psychoanalysis in Actual Neuroses
C. Psychoneuroses. Mechanisms of Symptom Formation, and Special Neuroses
Anxiety as Neurotic Symptom: Anxiety Hysteria	193	(23)
The Nature of the Psychoneurotic Symptom
Anxiety in Anxiety Hysteria
The Displacement in Anxiety Hysteria
Projection of One's Own Excitement in Anxiety Hysteria
Anxiety Hysteria and Animism
Regression and Aggressiveness in Anxiety Hysteria
Further Development of Anxiety Hysterias
The Repressing Forces and the Repressed in the Symptoms of Anxiety Hysteria
Anxiety Hysteria in Small Children
The Primal Scene
Therapeutic Psychoanalysis in Anxiety Hysteria
Conversion	216	(20)
What Is Conversion?
Prerequisites for the Development of Conversions
Hysterical Spells
Monosymptomatic Conversions
Hysterical Pains and Hysterical Identification
Hysterical Hallucinations
Hysterical Motor Disturbances
Hysterical Dream States and Disturbances of Consciousness
Hysterical Disturbances of the Special Senses
Hysterical Disturbances of Sensation
Somatic Compliance
Archaic Features in Conversion
General Significance of Conversion
Oedipus Complex, Masturbation, and Pregenitality in Conversion Symptoms
Course and Psychoanalytic Treatment of Conversion Hysteria
Organ Neuroses	236	(32)
What Is an Organ-Neurotic Symptom?
Affect Equivalents
The Disturbed Chemistry of the Unsatisfied Person
Physical Results of Unconscious Attitudes
Hormonal and Vegetative Dysfunctions
Digression on Hyper- and Hyposexuality
Gastrointestinal Tract
Muscular System
Respiratory System
Heart and Circulatory System
Blood Pressure
Skin
Eye
Problems of the Psychogenesis of Organic Diseases and of Pathoneuroses
Hypochondriasis
Psychoanalytic Therapy in Organ Neuroses
Appendix: Epilepsy
Obsession and Compulsion	268	(43)
The Phenomenon of Compulsion
Instinct and Defense in Compulsion Symptoms
Regression in Compulsion Neurosis
Digression about the Anal Character
Compulsive Systems
Other Defense Mechanisms in Compulsion Neurosis
The Double Front of the Ego in Compulsion Neurosis
Thinking in Compulsion Neurosis
Magic and Superstition in Compulsion Neurosis
The Physical Attitude of Compulsion Neurotics
The Problem of Differential Etiology
Course and Summary
Therapeutic Psychoanalysis in Compulsion Neurosis
Pregenital Conversions	311	(13)
General Remarks about Pregenital Conversions
Stuttering
Psychogenic Tic
Bronchial Asthma
Perversions and Impulse Neuroses	324	(63)
General Remarks
Perversions in General
Male Homosexuality
Female Homosexuality
Fetishism
Transvestitism
Exhibitionism
Voyeurism
Braid Cutting
Coprophilia
Oral Perversions
Extreme Sexual Submissiveness
Sadism
Masochism
Combinations of Perversions with Neuroses and the Differential Etiology of Perversions
Psychoanalytic Therapy of Perversions
Impulse Neuroses in General
Impulsive Running Away
Cleptomania
Pyromania
Gambling
Instinct-Ridden Characters
Drug Addiction
Addictions without Drugs
Transitional States between Morbid Impulses and Compulsions
Psychoanalytic Therapy in Impulse Neuroses and Addictions
Depression and Mania	387	(28)
Depression and Self-Esteem
Orality in Depression
Outline of the Problems in the Mechanisms of Depression
Mourning and Depression
The Pathognomonic Introjection
The Conflict between the Superego and the Ego
Suicide
The Decisive Regression and Its Causes
Mania
Historical Summary
Therapeutic Psychoanalysis in Manic-Depressive Disorders
Schizophrenia	415	(38)
Introductory Remarks
Symptoms of Regression in Schizophrenia
Restitutional Symptoms in Schizophrenia
The Break with Reality
Borderline Cases
Question of Prognosis
Therapeutic Psychoanalysis in Schizophrenia
D. Psychoneuroses, the Secondary Elaborations of Symptoms
Defenses Against Symptoms, and Secondary Gains	453	(10)
General Remarks
Symptoms as Traumata, and Precipitating Factors in Neuroses
Defenses against Symptoms
Oral-Dependent Attitudes toward Symptoms
Mastering of Symptoms
Secondary Gains from Illness
Character Disorders	463	(78)
Bases for the Development of Psychoanalytic Characterology
Introductory Remarks on Pathological Character Traits
What Is ``Character''?
Classification of Character Traits
The Sublimation Type of Character Traits
The Reactive Type of Character Traits
Defense and Instinctual Impulse in Pathological Character Traits
Pathological Behavior toward the Id
Pathological Behavior toward the Superego
Pathological Behavior toward External Objects
Pathological Interrelationships of the Ego's Dependencies
The Differential Etiology of Various Characters and Types of Defense
Typology
Phobic and Hysterical Characters
Compulsive Characters
Cyclic Characters
Schizoid Characters
Digression: Two Short Case Histories
Psychoanalytic Technique and Therapy in Character Disorders
E. Combinations of Traumatic Neuroses and Psychoneuroses
Combinations of Traumatic Neuroses and Psychoneuroses	541	(6)
F. Course and Therapy of Neuroses
The Clinical Course of Neuroses	547	(7)
Spontaneous Cures
Stationary Neuroses
Progredient Neuroses
Therapy and Prophylaxis of Neuroses	554	(36)
Psychotherapy
Shock Therapy
Psychoanalysis as a Therapeutic Method
Indications for Psychoanalytic Treatment
Contraindications for Psychoanalytic Treatment
About Statistics on Therapeutic Results of Psychoanalysis
Prophylaxis
Bibliography	590	(75)
Index	665