Psychotropic Drugs

by Keltner, Norman L.; Folks, David G., M.D.

• ISBN13: 9780323010030
• ISBN10: 0323010032
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-01-01
• Publisher: Elsevier Science Health Science div

Summary

This new third edition of PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS combines both fundamental aspects of clinical psychopharmacology and individual drug profiles for a complete psychopharmacologic nursing reference. Part One provides an overview of psychotropic treatment; describes drugs in terms of the disorders they treat; discusses contemporary issues; and presents lifespan considerations. In Part Two, nearly 100 commonly used drugs are profiled in detail and organized alphabetically for quick reference. Includes new chapters on pharmacologic principles and herbal therapies; new content on ethinic differences is highlighted throughout.

Table of Contents

PART ONE CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY	1	(2)
UNIT I Introduction to Psychotropic Drug Use	3	(74)
Psychiatric Care and Contemporary Treatment	4	(7)
Benchmarks in Psychiatric Care: The Road from Confinement to Community	5	(4)
Contemporary Issues in Psychopharmacology	9	(1)
Remarks	10	(1)
Functional Neuroanatomy	11	(26)
Richard A. Sugerman
Central Nervous System	12	(9)
Peripheral Nervous System	21	(4)
Supraspinal Motor Pathways	25	(4)
Limbic Structures--``Limbic System''	29	(2)
Chemical Pathways in the CNS	31	(6)
The Pharmacokinetic Basis of Therapeutics	37	(19)
Pharmacokinetic Principles	37	(6)
Pharmacodynamic Principles	43	(2)
Adverse Reactions and Drug Interactions	45	(1)
Other Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations	45	(6)
Pharmacokinetics and Aging	51	(2)
Pharmacokinetics and Culture	53	(3)
Neuropharmacology and Psychotropic Drugs	56	(21)
Jonathan Leo
Richard A. Sugerman
Synaptic Transmission	57	(1)
Membrane Receptors	58	(3)
Neurotransmission	61	(1)
Action and Synthesis of Neurotransmitters	61	(9)
Neurotransmitters and Neurochemistry of Behavior	70	(7)
UNIT II Drugs Used in the Treatment of Mental Disorders	77	(288)
Schizophrenia and Other Psychoses	78	(46)
Historical Considerations	78	(1)
The Evolution of Diagnostic Considerations in Understanding Schizophrenia	79	(4)
Biologic Explanations of Schizophrenia	83	(3)
Antipsychotic Drugs	86	(23)
Traditional Antipsychotic Drugs by Chemical Classification	109	(7)
Remarks	116	(8)
Mood Disorders	124	(61)
Mood or Affective Disturbances	124	(4)
Antidepressants	128	(41)
Tricyclic and Heterocyclic Antidepressants	138	(4)
Specific Tricyclic Antidepressants	142	(1)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors	143	(6)
Venlafaxine	149	(1)
Bupropion	150	(1)
Nefazodone	150	(1)
Mirtazapine	151	(1)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors	152	(7)
Specific Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors	159	(1)
Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors	159	(2)
Treatment Issues with Antidepressants	161	(4)
Alternative Treatments for Depression	165	(2)
Significant Issues Related to Women and Antidepressant Therapy	167	(2)
Antimanic and Mood-Stabilizing Drugs: Lithium	169	(16)
Alternative Antimanic and Mood-Stabilizing Drugs	176	(9)
Anxiety Disorders	185	(28)
Historical Considerations	185	(1)
Diagnostic Considerations	185	(5)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder	186	(4)
Anxiolytic Medications	190	(8)
Benzodiazepines	190	(5)
Buspirone	195	(2)
Venlafaxine	197	(1)
Specific Anxiety Disorders	198	(15)
Panic Disorder	198	(3)
Phobic Disorders	201	(3)
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	204	(3)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	207	(2)
Ethnicity and Cultural Issues in Anxiety	209	(4)
Dementia and Delirium	213	(33)
Dementia Syndromes	213	(24)
Disease Definition	213	(1)
Evaluation and Diagnosis	214	(5)
Stages of Dementia	219	(1)
Specific Dementia Syndromes	220	(3)
Treatment of Dementia--Nonpharmacologic Approaches	223	(2)
Treatment of Dementia--Pharmacologic Approaches	225	(12)
Delirium	237	(9)
General Principles of Treatment in Delirium	238	(2)
Drugs to Treat Delirium	240	(2)
Treatment Issues in Delirium	242	(4)
Seizure Disorders	246	(31)
Luis Bencomo
Epilepsy	246	(3)
Commonly Prescribed Antiepileptic Drugs	249	(19)
Phenytoin	249	(10)
Phenobarbital	259	(3)
Carbamazepine	262	(3)
Valproic Acid and Derivatives	265	(2)
Benzodiazepines: Diazepam, Lorazepam, Clonazepam	267	(1)
Other Important Antiepileptic Drugs	268	(9)
Ethosuximide	269	(1)
Trimethadione	270	(1)
Primidone	270	(1)
Newer Antiepileptics	271	(3)
Rarely Used Antiepileptics	274	(3)
Insomnia and Other Sleep Disorders	277	(29)
Historical Considerations	277	(1)
Diagnostic Considerations	277	(3)
Drugs Used to Treat Insomnia	280	(18)
Benzodiazepines	283	(8)
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics: Zolpidem and Zaleplon	291	(2)
Other Drugs Used to Treat Insomnia	293	(3)
Discussion	296	(1)
Nonpharmacologic Treatment Strategies for Insomnia	297	(1)
Other Sleep Disorders	298	(8)
Hypersomnia and Excessive Sleepiness	298	(4)
Narcolepsy	302	(1)
Parasomnias	303	(1)
Comorbid Conditions	303	(3)
Acute Psychoses and the Violent Patient	306	(16)
Scope of the Problem	306	(1)
The Clinical Approach	306	(1)
Policies on Violence	306	(1)
Diagnostic Considerations	307	(3)
Drug Treatment	310	(12)
Short-Term Treatment	310	(6)
Long-Term Treatment	316	(4)
Implications and Treatment Issues	320	(2)
Alcoholism and Other Substance Use Disorders	322	(25)
Epidemiology	322	(2)
Genetic, Environmental, and Other Influences	324	(3)
Diagnostic Considerations	327	(2)
Drug Treatment	329	(18)
Objectives	329	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat Alcoholism	330	(2)
Drugs Used to Treat Opioid Dependence and Abuse	332	(4)
Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines, and Other Stimulants	336	(3)
Drugs Used to Treat Nicotine Dependence	339	(4)
Drugs Used to Treat Cannabis (Marijuana) Dependence	343	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat Abuse of Phencyclidine and Similar Agents	343	(1)
Drugs Used to Treat Sedative-Hypnotic and Anxiolytic Abuse and Dependence	344	(3)
Sexual Dysfunction	347	(18)
Luis Bencomo
David G. Folks
Diagnostic Considerations	349	(3)
General Evaluation and Treatment Principles	352	(1)
Female Sexual Disorders	352	(3)
Male Sexual Dysfunction	355	(5)
Sexual Dysfunction Caused by Medication and Medical Disorders	360	(5)
UNIT III Drug Issues Related to Psychopharmacology	365	(102)
Drugs Used for Electroconvulsive Therapy	366	(16)
History of ECT	366	(2)
Modern Electroconvulsive Therapy	368	(6)
How Electroconvulsive Therapy Works	374	(1)
Drugs Used in Electroconvulsive Therapy	375	(1)
Anticholinergics: Atropine and Glycopyrrolate	375	(1)
Anesthetics: Methohexital and Propofol	376	(1)
Muscle Relaxant: Succinylcholine	377	(5)
Drugs of Abuse	382	(17)
Leland Allen
Alcohol	382	(7)
Amphetamines	389	(1)
Cannabis	390	(1)
Cocaine	390	(2)
Hallucinogens	392	(1)
Inhalants	392	(1)
Opioids	392	(3)
Phencyclidine	395	(1)
Sedative-Hypnotics	396	(2)
Remarks	398	(1)
Drugs Used to Stimulate the Central Nervous System	399	(21)
Stimulants	399	(11)
Amphetamines	399	(7)
Methylphenidate	406	(3)
Pemoline	409	(1)
Other Stimulants: Caffeine and Amphetamine-Like Anorectics	410	(10)
Caffeine	410	(3)
Phenylpropanolamine	413	(2)
Other Anorectics	415	(1)
Treatment Considerations	415	(2)
Patient Education for Individuals Prescribed Stimulants	417	(3)
Drugs Used to Treat Extrapyramidal Side Effects	420	(28)
Norman L. Keltner
Elizabeth Woodman Taylor
Review of Parkinson's Disease	420	(7)
Review of Extrapyramidal Side Effects	427	(4)
Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson's Disease	431	(3)
Anticholinergic (Antiparkinsonism) Agents	434	(7)
Related Anticholinergic Drugs	441	(1)
Patient Education Issues	442	(1)
Issues in Anticholinergic Drug Administration	442	(2)
Other Agents Used to Treat EPSEs	444	(4)
Herbiceuticals in Psychiatry	448	(19)
David G. Folks
Teri Gabel
The Herbal Market	448	(4)
Herbs Used for Psychotropic Effects	452	(5)
Principles of Use of Herbs in Psychiatric Conditions	457	(10)
UNIT IV Developmental Issues Related to Psychotropic Drugs	467	(64)
Psychopharmacology for Children	468	(28)
Lawrence Scahill
Scope of the Problem	468	(1)
General Principles	468	(2)
Psychotropic Medications Used with Children	470	(26)
Stimulants	470	(4)
Antidepressants	474	(2)
Tricyclic Antidepressants	476	(2)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors	478	(3)
Other Antidepressant Medications	481	(1)
Antipsychotic Drugs	482	(5)
Lithium	487	(1)
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists	488	(1)
Other Agents Used in the Treatment of Children with Psychiatric Disorders	489	(7)
Psychopharmacology for Adolescents	496	(19)
Lawrence Scahill
Scope of the Problem	496	(1)
General Principles of Adolescent Psychopharmacology	496	(2)
Psychotropic Medications Used with Adolescents	498	(17)
Stimulants	498	(2)
Antidepressants	500	(3)
Antipsychotics	503	(3)
Lithium	506	(2)
Other Drugs Used in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder	508	(1)
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Aggressive Behavior	509	(2)
Tic Disorders	511	(1)
Use of Combined Drug Therapies	511	(4)
Psychopharmacology for Elderly Persons	515	(16)
Scope of the Problem	515	(2)
General Factors Pertinent to Psychotropic Drug Therapy	517	(7)
Psychiatric Disturbances Prevalent in Late Life	524	(7)
Mood Disorders	525	(1)
Psychotic Disorders	526	(5)
PART TWO PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG PROFILES	531