Racial And Ethnic Groups

by Schaefer, Richard T.

• ISBN13: 9780131928978
• ISBN10: 013192897X
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

For undergraduate Sociology courses in Race and Ethnic Relations. This best-selling text provides students with the most accessible, comprehensive and current introduction to the issues confronting racial and ethnic groups in both the U.S. and other countries. Organized first by issues and then by major racial and ethnic groups, the text examines each groups history, then explores its current situation and its concerns for the future. Richard Schaefer, a leading scholar in the area of racial and ethnic relations, grew up in Chicago in the 1960's, at a time when neighborhoods were going through transitions in ethnic and racial composition. He found himself increasingly intrigued by what was happening, how people were reacting, and how these changes were affecting neighborhoods and people's jobs. This life-long interest led to a career in sociology, specifically in the areas of race, gender and social class. This book grew out of his desire to help students to understand the changing dynamics of the U.S. population.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
About the Author	xxiii
PART I PERSPECTIVES ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC GROUPS
Understanding Race and Ethnicity	2	(30)
What Is a Subordinate Group?	5	(2)
Types of Subordinate Groups	7	(2)
Racial Groups	7	(1)
Ethnic Groups	7	(1)
Religious Groups	8	(1)
Gender Groups	8	(1)
Other Subordinate Groups	9	(1)
Does Race Matter?	9	(4)
Biological Meaning	10	(2)
Social Construction of Race	12	(1)
Sociology and the Study of Race and Ethnicity	13	(4)
Stratification by Class and Gender	13	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives	14	(3)
The Creation of Subordinate-Group Status	17	(2)
Migration	17	(1)
Annexation	18	(1)
Colonialism	18	(1)
The Consequences of Subordinate-Group Status	19	(6)
Extermination	20	(1)
Expulsion	20	(1)
Secession	20	(1)
Segregation	21	(1)
Fusion	22	(1)
Assimilation	23	(1)
The Pluralist Perspective	24	(1)
Who Am I?	25	(3)
Resistance and Change	28	(4)
Prejudice	32	(32)
Hate Crimes	34	(3)
Prejudice and Discrimination	37	(2)
Merton's Typology	37	(1)
LaPiere's Study	38	(1)
Theories of Prejudice	39	(3)
Scapegoating Theory	39	(1)
Authoritarian Personality Theory	40	(1)
Exploitation Theory	41	(1)
Normative Approach	42	(1)
The Content of Prejudice: Stereotypes	42	(5)
What Are Stereotypes?	43	(2)
Trends in Stereotypes	45	(1)
Stereotyping in Action: Racial Profiling	45	(2)
The Extent of Prejudice	47	(3)
The Social Distance Scale	47	(2)
Trends in Prejudice	49	(1)
The Mood of the Oppressed	50	(2)
Intergroup Hostility	52	(2)
Reducing Prejudice	54	(6)
Education and Mass Media	54	(2)
Equal-Status Contact	56	(1)
Corporate Response: Diversity Training	57	(3)
Ways to Fight Hate	60	(4)
Discrimination	64	(26)
Understanding Discrimination	67	(3)
Relative Versus Absolute Deprivation	67	(1)
Total Discrimination	68	(1)
Institutional Discrimination	69	(1)
Low-Wage Labor	70	(3)
Discrimination Today	73	(7)
Measuring Discrimination	74	(2)
Eliminating Discrimination	76	(4)
Environmental Justice	80	(1)
Affirmative Action	81	(3)
Affirmative Action Explained	81	(1)
The Legal Debate	82	(2)
Reverse Discrimination	84	(1)
The Glass Ceiling	85	(5)
PART II ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS SOURCES OF CONFLICT
Immigration and the United States	90	(26)
Patterns of Immigration	93	(1)
Today's Foreign-Born Population	94	(1)
Early Immigration	95	(4)
The Anti-Catholic Crusade	96	(1)
The Anti-Chinese Movement	97	(2)
Restrictionist Sentiment Increases	99	(3)
The National Origin System	99	(1)
The 1965 Immigration and Naturalization Act	100	(2)
Contemporary Concerns	102	(6)
The Brain Drain	102	(2)
Population Growth	104	(1)
Illegal Immigration	104	(4)
The Economic Impact of Immigration	108	(3)
The Global Economy and Immigration	111	(1)
Refugees	112	(4)
Ethnicity and Religion	116	(32)
Ethnic Diversity	118	(1)
Why Don't We Study Whiteness?	119	(4)
Whiteness	119	(2)
White Privilege	121	(2)
The Rediscovery of Ethnicity	123	(2)
The Third-Generation Principle	123	(1)
Symbolic Ethnicity	124	(1)
The Price Paid by White Ethnics	125	(2)
Prejudice Toward White Ethnic Groups	125	(1)
The Prejudice of Ethnics	126	(1)
Case Example: The Italian Americans	127	(2)
Religious Pluralism	129	(3)
Ethnicity, Religion, and Social Class	132	(4)
Religion in the United States	136	(7)
Diversity Among Roman Catholics	137	(1)
Diversity Among Protestants	138	(2)
Women and Religion	140	(1)
Religion and the U.S. Supreme Court	141	(2)
Limits of Religious Freedom: The Amish	143	(5)
The Amish Way of Life	143	(1)
The Amish and Larger Society	144	(4)
PART III MAJOR RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES
The Native Americans	148	(34)
Early European Contacts	151	(2)
Treaties and Warfare	153	(3)
The Case of the Sioux	154	(2)
Ruling the Native Americans	156	(2)
The Allotment Act	156	(1)
The Reorganization Act	157	(1)
Reservation Life and Federal Policies	158	(4)
Native American Legal Claims	159	(1)
The Termination Act	160	(1)
Employment Assistance Program	161	(1)
Collective Action	162	(4)
Protest Efforts	163	(2)
Pan-Indianism: An Overview	165	(1)
Sovereignty	166	(1)
Native Americans Today	166	(16)
Economic Development	167	(4)
Education	171	(3)
Health Care	174	(1)
Religious and Spiritual Expression	175	(2)
Environment	177	(5)
The Making of African Americans in a White America	182	(26)
Slavery	185	(6)
Slave Codes	185	(2)
African Americans and Africa	187	(1)
The Attack on Slavery	188	(1)
Slavery's Aftermath	189	(1)
Reparations for Slavery	190	(1)
The Challenge of Black Leadership	191	(3)
The Politics of Accommodation	192	(1)
The Niagara Movement	192	(2)
Reemergence of Black Protest	194	(2)
The Civil Rights Movement	196	(4)
Struggle to Desegregate the Schools	196	(2)
Civil Disobedience	198	(2)
Urban Violence and Oppression	200	(2)
Black Power	202	(2)
The Religious Force	204	(4)
African Americans Today	208	(26)
Education	210	(4)
Quality and Quantity of Education	211	(1)
School Segregation	212	(1)
Higher Education	213	(1)
The Economic Picture	214	(5)
Income and Wealth	215	(1)
Employment	216	(2)
African American Businesses	218	(1)
Family Life	219	(6)
Challenges to Family Stability	220	(1)
Strengths of African American Families	221	(1)
The African American Middle Class	222	(3)
Housing	225	(2)
Residential Segregation	226	(1)
Criminal Justice	227	(2)
Health Care	229	(1)
Politics	230	(4)
Hispanic Americans	234	(22)
Latino Identity	237	(3)
The Economic Picture	240	(1)
The Language Divide	241	(3)
Bilingual Education	242	(1)
Official Language Movement	243	(1)
The Growing Political Presence	244	(1)
The Borderlands	245	(2)
Cuban Americans	247	(4)
Immigration	247	(2)
The Present Picture	249	(2)
Central and South Americans	251	(5)
Immigration	252	(1)
The Present Picture	252	(4)
Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans	256	(26)
Mexican Americans	258	(8)
The Immigrant Experience	259	(3)
The Economic Picture	262	(2)
Political Organizations	264	(2)
Puerto Ricans	266	(8)
The Bridge Between the Island and the Mainland	267	(1)
The Island of Puerto Rico	268	(5)
The Island Economy	273	(1)
The Contemporary Picture of Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans	274	(8)
Education	274	(2)
Family Life	276	(1)
Health Care	276	(2)
Religion	278	(4)
Muslim and Arab Americans: Diverse Minorities	282	(24)
Muslim and Arab People	284	(1)
Arab Americans	285	(2)
Muslim Americans	287	(6)
Black Muslims	291	(2)
Immigration to the United States	293	(2)
Contemporary Life in the United States	295	(4)
Family Life and Gender	295	(2)
Education	297	(1)
Politics	298	(1)
Being Arab or Muslim in the United States	299	(3)
Issues of Prejudice and Discrimination	302	(4)
Asian Americans: Growth and Diversity	306	(26)
The ``Model Minority'' Image Explored	309	(5)
Education and the Economy	310	(2)
The Door Half Open	312	(2)
Political Activity	314	(1)
Diversity Among Asian Americans	315	(1)
Filipino Americans	316	(2)
Immigration Patterns	316	(1)
The Present Picture	317	(1)
Asian Indians	318	(3)
Immigration	318	(1)
The Present Picture	319	(2)
Southeast Asian Americans	321	(3)
The Refugees	321	(1)
The Present Picture	322	(1)
Case Study: A Hmong Community	323	(1)
Korean Americans	324	(3)
Historical Background	324	(1)
The Present Picture	325	(2)
Hawaii and Its People	327	(5)
Historical Background	328	(1)
The Present Picture	328	(4)
Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans	332	(22)
Chinese Americans	334	(7)
Occupational Profile of Chinese Americans	335	(1)
Chinatowns Today	336	(3)
Family and Religious Life	339	(2)
Japanese Americans	341	(7)
The Wartime Evacuation	342	(4)
The Economic Picture	346	(1)
Family and Religious Life	347	(1)
Remnants of Prejudice and Discrimination	348	(6)
Jewish Americans: Quest to Maintain Identity	354	(28)
The Jewish People: Race, Religion, or Ethnic Group?	357	(2)
Immigration of Jews to the United States	359	(2)
Anti-Semitism Past and Present	361	(7)
Origins	361	(1)
The Holocaust	362	(1)
U.S. Anti-Semitism: Past	363	(2)
Contemporary Anti-Semitism	365	(3)
Position of Jewish Americans	368	(4)
Employment and Income	369	(1)
Education	370	(1)
Organizational Activity	370	(1)
Political Activity	371	(1)
Religious Life	372	(2)
The Orthodox Tradition	372	(1)
The Reform Tradition	373	(1)
Jewish Identity	374	(8)
Role of the Family	375	(1)
Role of Religion	376	(2)
Role of Cultural Heritage	378	(4)
PART IV OTHER PATTERNS OF DOMINANCE
Women: The Oppressed Majority	382	(24)
Gender Roles	385	(1)
Sociological Perspectives	386	(1)
The Feminist Movement	387	(2)
The Suffrage Movement	388	(1)
The Women's Liberation Movement	388	(1)
The Economic Picture	389	(7)
Sources of Discrimination	392	(3)
Sexual Harassment	395	(1)
Feminization of Poverty	396	(1)
Education	396	(2)
Family Life	398	(4)
Child Care and Housework	398	(3)
Abortion	401	(1)
Political Activity	402	(1)
Double Jeopardy: Minority Women	403	(3)
Beyond the United States: The Comparative Perspective	406	(26)
Mexico	408	(5)
The Mexican Indian People and the Color Gradient	411	(1)
The Status of Women	412	(1)
Canada	413	(5)
The First Nation	413	(2)
The Quebecois	415	(1)
Immigration and Race	416	(2)
Northern Ireland	418	(3)
Partition	418	(1)
The Civil Rights Movement	418	(2)
The Northern Ireland Accord	420	(1)
Israel and the Palestinians	421	(4)
Arab-Israeli Conflicts	422	(1)
The Intifada	423	(1)
The Search for Solutions Amid Violence	424	(1)
Republic of South Africa	425	(7)
The Legacy of Colonialism	426	(1)
Apartheid	426	(1)
The Era of Reconciliation and Moving On	427	(5)
Overcoming Exclusion	432	(25)
The Aged: A Social Minority	435	(5)
Who Are the Elderly?	435	(1)
Ageism	436	(2)
The Economic Picture	438	(1)
Advocacy Efforts by the Elderly	439	(1)
People with Disabilities: Moving On	440	(7)
Disability in Contemporary Society	440	(2)
Labeling the Disabled	442	(3)
Advocacy for Disability Rights	445	(2)
Gays and Lesbians: Coming Out for Equality	447	(4)
Being Gay and Lesbian in the USA	448	(1)
Prejudice and Discrimination	449	(1)
Advocacy for Gay and Lesbian Rights	449	(2)
The Glass Half Empty	451	(6)
Internet Resource Directory	457	(4)
Glossary	461	(6)
References	467	(20)
Photo Credits	487	(2)
Index	489