Preface | p. xiii |
Acknowledgments | p. xv |
Theories of Race and Immigration | |
The Origins of Racial and Ethnic Groups | p. 03 |
Race Relations in America | p. 03 |
What Is a Minority Group? | p. 04 |
History of Unequal Treatment | p. 05 |
Distinctive Characteristics | p. 06 |
The Labeling Theory of Race | p. 06 |
Involuntary Membership | p. 07 |
In-group Marriage | p. 07 |
Awareness of Subordinate Status | p. 08 |
Types of Minority Groups | p. 09 |
Racial Groups | p. 09 |
Ethnic Groups | p. 09 |
Nationality Groups | p. 10 |
Religious Groups | p. 10 |
Gender Groups | p. 11 |
Evolving Minorities | p. 11 |
The Creation of Minority Groups | p. 12 |
Voluntary Migration | p. 12 |
Involuntary Migration | p. 13 |
Political Annexation | p. 13 |
Colonial Expansion | p. 14 |
Internal Colonialism | p. 14 |
The Origins of Social Darwinism | p. 15 |
Early Explanations for Racial Differentiation | p. 16 |
Racial Theories and Racial Diversity | p. 17 |
The Concept of Race | p. 18 |
Chapter Summary | p. 19 |
References | p. 21 |
The Nature of Prejudice and Discrimination | p. 25 |
The Definition of Prejudice | p. 25 |
Characteristics of Prejudice | p. 26 |
Over-Categorization | p. 26 |
Misconceptions | p. 27 |
Prejudgments | p. 27 |
Rationalization | p. 27 |
Value Judgments | p. 28 |
Theories of Prejudice | p. 28 |
The Exploitation Theory | p. 28 |
Scapegoating Theory | p. 29 |
Authoritarian Personality | p. 30 |
The Ecological Theory | p. 31 |
The Linguistic Theory | p. 32 |
Stereotypes and Prejudice | p. 33 |
Measuring Prejudice | p. 35 |
Types of Discrimination | p. 36 |
Economic Discrimination | p. 37 |
Labor Market Discrimination | p. 38 |
The Split Labor Market Theory | p. 39 |
Educational Discrimination | p. 41 |
Housing Discrimination | p. 42 |
Sex Discrimination | p. 43 |
Prejudice and Discrimination | p. 45 |
Chapter Summary | p. 47 |
References | p. 48 |
Minority-Majority Relations | p. 55 |
The Concept of Assimilation | p. 55 |
The Anglo-Centric Perspective | p. 56 |
The Melting Pot Theory | p. 56 |
Cultural Monism | p. 57 |
Cultural Pluralism | p. 57 |
Cultural Nationalism | p. 58 |
Theories of Assimilation | p. 59 |
Park's Contact Theory | p. 59 |
Bogardus' Immigrant Studies | p. 60 |
Park's Marginal Man Theory | p. 60 |
Stonequist's Marginal Man Theory | p. 60 |
Banton's Six Orders of Race Relations | p. 61 |
The Paternalistic and Competitive Models | p. 61 |
Blumer on Race Relations | p. 62 |
Warner on Caste and Race | p. 62 |
Cox on Caste and Race | p. 63 |
A Comparison of Class, Caste, and Estate | p. 63 |
Gordon's Ethclass | p. 64 |
Randsford's Class within a Caste Model | p. 65 |
Assimilation in American Life | p. 65 |
Factors Affecting the Rate of Assimilation | p. 66 |
Racial Factors | p. 66 |
Cultural Factors | p. 67 |
Human Capital Factors | p. 67 |
Sociological-Demographic Factors | p. 68 |
Political-Economic Factors | p. 69 |
Georgraphic Factors | p. 69 |
Chapter Summary | p. 70 |
References | p. 71 |
Immigration and Settlement: The American Mosaic | p. 75 |
A Nation of Immigrants | p. 75 |
The Causes of Immigration | p. 76 |
An Overview of U.S. Immigration: 1820-2000 | p. 77 |
The 1965 Immigration Reform Act | p. 78 |
Immigration Reforms Since 1965 | p. 80 |
The Impact of Immigration Reforms: 1960-2000 | p. 82 |
Asian Immigration: 1965-2000 | p. 83 |
Asian Population Projections: 1980-2030 | p. 88 |
Chapter Summary | p. 89 |
References | p. 90 |
The Asian American Experience | |
The Chinese American Experience | p. 97 |
Introduction | p. 97 |
Pioneers in the Labor Market | p. 98 |
The Anti-Chinese Movement | p. 101 |
The Social Organization of Chinatown | p. 105 |
Social Problems in Chinatown: 1850-1900 | p. 106 |
Family and Kinship Patterns | p. 107 |
A Demographic Profile | p. 110 |
Chapter Summary | p. 114 |
References | p. 115 |
The Japanese American Experience | p. 125 |
Japanese Immigration to Hawaii | p. 125 |
Japanese Immigration to California | p. 125 |
The Flow of Japanese Immigrants | p. 127 |
Immigration Restrictions: 1900-1924 | p. 128 |
Japanese American Culture | p. 130 |
Wartime Evacuation and Relocation | p. 131 |
Life in the Relocation Camps | p. 132 |
The 100th Infantry and the 442nd | p. 133 |
Was the Evacuation and Internment Necessary? | p. 133 |
Who Was Responsible for the Mass Incarceration? | p. 134 |
The Post War Years: The Nisei Generation | p. 135 |
The Sansei: The New Generation | p. 135 |
The Japanese American Family | p. 136 |
A Demographic Profile | p. 138 |
Japanese American Civil Rights | p. 140 |
Political Representation and Political Gains | p. 140 |
Chapter Summary | p. 141 |
References | p. 143 |
The Korean American Experience | p. 153 |
Introduction | p. 153 |
The Background to Korean Immigration | p. 153 |
Korean Immigration to Hawaii | p. 154 |
Second Wave Korean Immigrants | p. 155 |
The New Wave Immigrants | p. 157 |
Chapter Summary | p. 161 |
References | p. 163 |
The Filipino American Experience | p. 171 |
Introduction | p. 171 |
The Origins of Filipino Immigration | p. 172 |
Filipinos in Hawaii | p. 173 |
Filipinos in California | p. 174 |
Third Wave Filipino Immigration | p. 175 |
The New Wave Filipino Generation | p. 176 |
Filipino Americans Today | p. 180 |
Chapter Summary | p. 182 |
References | p. 183 |
The Asian Indian Experience | p. 191 |
Introduction | p. 191 |
Reasons for Asian Indian Immigration | p. 191 |
Asian Indians in Canada | p. 192 |
Asian Indian Settlement in California | p. 192 |
The Sikhs and Sikhism | p. 193 |
Immigration Restrictions on Asian Indians | p. 194 |
Termination of Immigration: 1915-1944 | p. 196 |
Second Wave Immigrants: 1945-1965 | p. 196 |
Third Wave Immigrants: 1966-2000 | p. 197 |
Asian Indians in the U.S. Today | p. 198 |
Chapter Summary | p. 199 |
References | p. 202 |
The Latino American Experience | |
The Mexican American Experience | p. 211 |
Mexicans in the Southwest: 1821-1929 | p. 211 |
The Great Depression | p. 213 |
The Bracero Program | p. 214 |
The INS and Operation Wetback | p. 215 |
The Sleepy Lagoon Case | p. 216 |
The Zoot Suit Riots | p. 216 |
The Post War Period | p. 217 |
Political History and Political Participation | p. 218 |
Mexican American Political Representation | p. 220 |
The Mexican American Family | p. 220 |
Mexican Americans: A Demographic Profile | p. 221 |
Population Growth and Fertility Rates Among Mexican Americans Today | p. 222 |
Annual Income and Occupational Distribution | p. 223 |
Mexican Americans: A Case of Educational Neglect | p. 225 |
Undocumented Mexican Immigration | p. 226 |
Chapter Summary | p. 229 |
References | p. 230 |
The Puerto Rican Experience | p. 241 |
Ethnic Identity: Latino or Hispanic? | p. 241 |
Introduction | p. 243 |
The Conquest of Puerto Rico | p. 243 |
The American Influence | p. 244 |
Background to Puerto Rican Migration | p. 245 |
The Pioneer Migration: 1900-1945 | p. 246 |
The Great Migration: 1946-1964 | p. 246 |
The Revolving Door Migration: 1965-2000 | p. 247 |
The Puerto Rican Family | p. 249 |
Occupational Distribution | p. 251 |
Poverty and Economic Conditions | p. 252 |
The Failure of Public Education | p. 253 |
Chapter Summary | p. 254 |
References | p. 256 |
The Cuban American Experience | p. 265 |
Introduction | p. 265 |
Cuba: An Historical Sketch | p. 266 |
An Overview of Cuban Immigration | p. 267 |
The Cuban Community in Miami | p. 269 |
Income, Occupation, and Education | p. 270 |
The Cuban American Family | p. 273 |
Chapter Summary | p. 275 |
References | p. 277 |
The African American Experience | |
The African American Experience | p. 285 |
Introduction: The Slave Trade | p. 285 |
Africans in the New World | p. 285 |
The Institution of Slavery | p. 286 |
The Abolitionist Movement | p. 288 |
The Civil War and Reconstruction | p. 289 |
Jim Crow Segregation | p. 289 |
A New Life in the Industrial North | p. 290 |
The Great Depression and World War II | p. 290 |
Post War Race Relations | p. 291 |
Public School Desegregation | p. 291 |
The Civil Rights Movement | p. 292 |
Urban Unrest and Racial Violence | p. 294 |
The Rise of Black Nationalism | p. 295 |
The African American Family | p. 295 |
Educational Neglect in the African American Community | p. 297 |
African Americans and the Income Gap | p. 298 |
Political Participation among African Americans | p. 299 |
The Question of Social Progress | p. 301 |
Chapter Summary | p. 302 |
References | p. 304 |
The Native American Experience | |
The Native American Experience | p. 315 |
Introduction | p. 315 |
The First Americans | p. 315 |
First Contact with European Settlers | p. 316 |
Repression and Control of Native Americans | p. 317 |
Getting Out of the Indian Business | p. 318 |
BIA Urban Relocation Programs | p. 319 |
The BIA and the Reservation System | p. 320 |
Who Is an Indian? | p. 321 |
A Demographic Profile of Native Americans | p. 321 |
Occupational Distribution and Social Mobility | p. 323 |
Poverty and the Income Gap | p. 324 |
The Education Gap | p. 325 |
Red Power and Pan Indianism | p. 327 |
Chapter Summary | p. 328 |
References | p. 330 |
The White Ethnic Experience | |
The Jewish American Experience | p. 339 |
Introduction | p. 339 |
Jewish Immigration to America | p. 340 |
Jewish Religious Beliefs | p. 343 |
Anti-Semitism in America | p. 346 |
Geographic Distribution | p. 347 |
Demographic Characteristics | p. 349 |
Occupation and Income | p. 350 |
Educational Achievement | p. 351 |
The Jewish American Family | p. 352 |
Intermarriage and Assimilation | p. 353 |
Chapter Summary | p. 355 |
References | p. 356 |
The Irish American Experience | p. 365 |
Introduction | p. 365 |
Pre-Famine Immigration: 1492-1840 | p. 365 |
Historical Antecedents to the Famine Immigration | p. 366 |
Background to the Irish Famine | p. 368 |
The Great Migration: 1841-1900 | p. 369 |
Irish Settlement in America | p. 371 |
Prejudice and Discrimination | p. 372 |
The Irish Labor Movement | p. 373 |
The Irish and Urban Politics | p. 375 |
Social Mobility Among the Irish | p. 377 |
Chapter Summary | p. 379 |
References | p. 381 |
The Italian American Experience | p. 387 |
Introduction | p. 387 |
The Flow of Italian Immigrants | p. 388 |
Immigration to America | p. 390 |
The Urban Village in America | p. 391 |
The Padrone and Self Help Network | p. 392 |
Mutual Benefit Associations | p. 392 |
Prejudice and Discrimination | p. 393 |
Xenophobia and Ethnic Violence | p. 394 |
Italians in the Labor Market | p. 395 |
Social and Economic Mobility | p. 396 |
Italian Americans Today | p. 398 |
Chapter Summary | p. 399 |
References | p. 400 |
The Experiences of Ethnic Women | |
Ethnic Women in America | p. 409 |
Introduction | p. 409 |
Women in America Today | p. 410 |
Minority Women: A Case of Double Jeopardy | p. 415 |
The Lives of African American Women | p. 416 |
La Chicana: The Mexican American Woman | p. 418 |
Chinese American Women | p. 421 |
Japanese American Women | p. 424 |
Chapter Summary | p. 426 |
References | p. 428 |
Appendix A | p. 437 |
Appendix B | p. 438 |
Name Index | p. 441 |
Subject Index | p. 443 |
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