Readings in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

by Corrigan, John; Denny, Frederick M.; Eire, Carlos M.N.; Jaffee, Martin S.

• ISBN13: 9780023250989
• ISBN10: 0023250984
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-01-05
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

A comparative introduction to significant readings found in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The book covers a wide range of historical periods up to the present day. The readings explore six major themes from the perspective of each tradition. The six major themes includes coverage of: Scripture and Tradition; Monotheism; Authority and Community; Worship and Ritual; Ethics; and Religion and the Political Order. For anyone interested in Western Religious Traditions in Religion or HIstory Departments.

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
PART I SCRIPTURE AND TRADITION	1	(86)
Chapter 1 In Judaism	1	(22)
1.1 Israel's History in the Biblical Narrative Tradition	1	(12)
1.1a Genesis 1:1-15; 1:26-2:9; 2:15-3:24	1	(3)
1.1b Genesis 11:27-12:9	4	(1)
1.1c Genesis 17:1-27	5	(1)
1.1d Genesis 22:1-19	6	(1)
1.1e Exodus 2:23-3:20	7	(1)
1.1f Exodus 19:16-21; 20:1-21; 21:1-6; 21:12-14; 21:22-26; 22:21-24; 22:28-31	8	(2)
1.1g Deuteronomy 30:11-20	10	(1)
1.1h Nehemiah 9:1-37	11	(2)
1.2 The Literature of Oral Torah	13	(7)
1.2a Mishnah Avot 1:1-2:1	13	(2)
1.2b Mishnah Bava Kamma 8:1	15	(1)
1.2c Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, Mishpatim 8 (Exod. 21:23-25)	16	(1)
1.2d Babylonian Talmud, Bava Kamma 86a	17	(1)
1.2e Bereshit Rabbah 1:4 (Gen. 1:1)	18	(1)
1.2f Palestinian Talmud, Peah 2:6, 17a	19	(1)
1.3 A Karaite View of Rabbinic Tradition	20	(1)
1.3a A Book of Lights and Watch-Towers	20	(1)
1.4 A Kabbalistic View of Rabbinic Tradition	21	(2)
1.4a Sacred Service	21	(2)
Chapter 2 In Christianity	23	(23)
2.1 Old and New Revelations	23	(9)
2.1a The Gospel According to Luke 24:1-53	23	(2)
2.1b The Acts of the Apostles 2:1-41	25	(3)
2.1c Saint Paul's Letter to the Romans 9:1-33	28	(1)
2.1d The Infancy Gospel of Thomas	29	(3)
2.2 Interpreting Scripture	32	(8)
2.2a Origen, On First Principles, Book IV	32	(5)
2.2b Luther, Prefaces to the New Testament 1546 (1522)	37	(3)
2.3 The Catholic Church Defends Its Interpretation of the Scriptures	40	(2)
2.3a The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent, A.D. 1563	40	(2)
2.4 New Revelations: The Case of the Mormons	42	(4)
2.4a The Book of Mormon	42	(4)
Chapter 3 In Islam	46	(41)
3.1 Pre-Islamic Arabia	46	(9)
3.1a The Ode of Imr al-Qais	47	(4)
3.1b What Is Meant by 'Al-Jahiliyya'	51	(4)
3.2 Muhammad	55	(12)
3.2a The Life of Muhammad	56	(11)
3.3 The Qur'an	67	(20)
3.3a Selections from the Qur'an	68	(3)
3.3b Some Examples of Tafsir	71	(10)
3.3c The Compilation of the Written Text: Crisis and Response	81	(6)
PART II MONOTHEISM	87	(70)
Chapter 4 In Judaism	87	(16)
4.1 The Diversity of Monotheistic Conceptions	87	(7)
4.1a On the Account of the World's Creation	88	(1)
4.1b On the Special Laws	89	(1)
4.1c Ekhah Rabbah 4:11	90	(1)
4.1d Avodah Zarah 2a-2b	91	(1)
4.1e Ascent to the Chariot	92	(2)
4.1f The Essence of Judaism	94	(1)
4.2 Messianic Speculation and Movements	94	(9)
4.2a II Baruch 29-30	95	(1)
4.2b Sanhedrin 96b-98a	95	(2)
4.2c Silencing of the Jews and the Christians Through Rational Arguments	97	(1)
4.2d Zohar, Akharei Mot, III:77b	98	(1)
4.2e Letter of Nathan of Gaza	99	(1)
4.2f Protocols of the Second Rabbinic Conference	100	(1)
4.2g The Principle of Mashiach and Messianic Activism	101	(2)
Chapter 5 In Christianity	103	(23)
5.1 Establishing the Identity of Jesus Christ	103	(4)
5.1a The Gospel According to Saint John 1:1-1:18	103	(2)
5.1b The Gospel According to Saint John 7:12-7:20	105	(1)
5.1c The Gospel According to Saint John 8:52-8:59	105	(1)
5.1d The Gospel According to Saint John 10:22-10:33	106	(1)
5.2 Paul's Letters	107	(3)
5.2a Philipians 2:1-2:11	107	(1)
5.2b Ephesians 1:1-1:13, 2:1-2:10	108	(1)
5.2c Colossians 1:3-1:7, 1:9-1:20	109	(1)
5.3 The Letter to the Hebrews	110	(2)
5.3a A Letter Addressed to a Jewish-Christian Community 1:1-1:4, 2:3-2:18, 4:12-4:18, 5:1-5:9	111	(1)
5.4 Some Observations on the Humanity and Divinity of Jesus	112	(3)
5.4a Irenaeus Challenges Gnosticism	113	(2)
5.5 Saint Athanasius, On the Incarnation	115	(3)
5.5a Defining the Triune God	116	(2)
5.6 Christian Monotheism and Enlightenment Doctrines of Reason	118	(8)
5.6a Channing, Unitarian Christianity	118	(3)
5.6b Harriet Martineau's Autobiography	121	(3)
5.6c The Education of Fanny Lewald: An Autobiography	124	(2)
Chapter 6 In Islam	126	(31)
6.1 Islam as a Monotheistic Creed	126	(3)
6.1a The Opening	126	(1)
6.1b The Cow	127	(1)
6.1c The Unity	127	(1)
6.1d Throne Verse	127	(1)
6.1e The Muslim Community	128	(1)
6.1f A Definition of Righteousness	128	(1)
6.2 The Science of Speculative Theology	129	(4)
6.2a Ibn Khaldun on Theology	129	(4)
6.3 A Muslim Creed	133	(6)
6.3a The Fiqh Akbar II	134	(5)
6.4 Islamic Mysticism: The Sufi Way to Union with God	139	(2)
6.4a Mystical Dimensions of Islam	139	(2)
6.5 A Traditional Scholar's Overview of Sufism	141	(2)
6.5a Sufism	141	(2)
6.6 Rumi	143	(3)
6.6a Love and Logic (p. 165)	143	(1)
6.6b Die Before You Die (p.131)	144	(1)
6.6c Once One Knows, Prayer Is Unbelief! (p.92)	144	(1)
6.6d God Beyond Praise (p. 94)	145	(1)
6.6e The Pain of Unanswered Prayer (p.91)	145	(1)
6.6f The True Sufi (p.54)	145	(1)
6.6g A Vision of Divinity as Feminine (p.44)	146	(1)
6.7 Hamzah Fansuri	146	(5)
6.7a Ocean and Waves (no.IV, pp.51-55)	147	(1)
6.7b The "Devices" of Allah (no. XVIII, pp. 97-99)	148	(2)
6.7c A Vision of God in the China Sea (no. XXXII, pp. 141-143)	150	(1)
6.8 Sejarah Melayu: Malay Annals	151	(6)
6.8a A Dangerous Lesson in the Divine Unity (pp. 161-162)	152	(1)
6.8b Sufi Conundrums and International Relations (pp. 148-149)	153	(1)
6.8c How to Approach a Sufi Teacher (pp. 124-125)	154	(3)
PART III AUTHORITY AND COMMUNITY	157	(46)
Chapter 7 In Judaism	157	(13)
7.1 Biblical Models of Religious Leadership	157	(5)
7.1a Exodus 32:7-14	157	(1)
7.1b Numbers 27:1-11	158	(1)
7.1c Leviticus 9:1-10:3	159	(1)
7.1d Leviticus 16:29:34	159	(1)
7.1e I Chronicles 28:2-8; 29:20-22; 29:26-30	160	(1)
7.1f Exekiel 34:20-31	161	(1)
7.1g Ecclesiastes 12:1-14	161	(1)
7.2 Community and Authority: The Yakhad and the Rabbinic Sages	162	(4)
7.2a Community Rule V-VIII	162	(1)
7.2b Damascus Rule, V-VI	163	(1)
7.2c Tractate Demai 2:9-13	164	(1)
7.2d Babylonian Talmud, Eruvin 54b	165	(1)
7.2e Bava Metzia 86a	166	(1)
7.3 The Tzaddik or Rebbe in Hasidic Communities	166	(4)
7.3a In Praise of the Baal Shem Tov	167	(1)
7.3b Noam Elimelekh, Tazri`a	168	(1)
7.3c Maor vaShemesh, Shofetim	168	(2)
Chapter 8 In Christianity	170	(17)
8.1 Apostles and Bishops	170	(3)
8.1a The First Letter of Clement of Rome	170	(1)
8.1b Ignatius of Antioch, Letters to the Ephesians and Trallians	171	(2)
8.2 Apostolic Succession Versus Secret Knowledge	173	(4)
8.2a Irenaeus of Lyons, Against Heresies	173	(4)
8.3 Papal and Scriptual Authority	177	(2)
8.3a Pope Boniface VIII, Unam Sanctam	177	(2)
8.4 Dethroning the Pope, Enthroning Scripture	179	(3)
8.4a Martin Luther, "Sermon in Castle Pleissenburg, Leipzig"	179	(3)
8.5 Women and Religious Authority	182	(5)
8.5a Amanda Berry Smith, An Autobiography	183	(1)
8.5b Autobiography of Lydia Sexton	184	(3)
Chapter 9 In Islam	187	(16)
9.1 The Office of Caliph-Iman	187	(5)
9.1a The Caliphate	187	(5)
9.2 The Authority of the Prophet Muhammad's Sunna	192	(6)
9.2a Shafi is Risala	193	(5)
9.3 Shi`ites and Sunnis: Parallel Orthodoxies Sharing One Orthopraxy	198	(5)
9.3a The Nature and Scope of Shi`ite Islam	198	(5)
PART IV WORSHIP AND RITUAL	203	(52)
Chapter 10 In Judaism	203	(14)
10.1 Texts from the Rabbinic Liturgy	203	(6)
10.1a The Morning Amidah	203	(3)
10.1b First Benediction of the Shma	206	(1)
10.1c Sabbath Benediction of the Amidah	207	(1)
10.1d Musaf Amidah	207	(1)
10.1e The Haggadah	208	(1)
10.2 Modern Transformations of Rabbinic Liturgical Texts	209	(8)
10.2a The Rationale of Reform	209	(1)
10.2b Benedictions from the Gates of the House	210	(1)
10.2c Four Centuries of Jewish Women's Spirituality	211	(1)
10.2d Sabbath Morning Amidah	212	(3)
10.2e Rosh Chodesh Av	215	(2)
Chapter 11 In Christianity	217	(17)
11.1 Christian Ritual Against a Jewish Background	217	(5)
11.1a Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians	217	(1)
11.1b The Letter to the Hebrews	218	(3)
11.1c The Acts of the Apostles	221	(1)
11.2 Ritual Aspects of Martyrdom and Self-Denial	222	(3)
11.2a The Martyrdom of Polycarp	222	(3)
11.3 Monastic Self-Denial	225	(1)
11.3a The Sayings of the Desert Fathers	225	(1)
11.4 Popular Piety	226	(8)
11.4a Erasmus of Rotterdam, A Pilgrimage for Religion's Sake	227	(3)
11.4b True Christianity	230	(4)
Chapter 12 In Islam	234	(21)
12.1 Islamic Worship and Devotional Practices	234	(4)
12.1a Qur'anic Passages Commanding Devotional Duties	234	(2)
12.1b Pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca (2:196-203; 22:26-38)	236	(2)
12.2 How a Muslim Should Go to Bed (and in the Process Prepare for Death)	238	(2)
12.2a Going to Sleep	239	(1)
12.3 How to Perform the Salat of Worship: Daily and Friday	240	(6)
12.3a How to Perform the Islamic Prayer Service	241	(5)
12.4 A Modern Muslim Woman's Perspective	246	(3)
12.4a Fasting to Control Passions	246	(3)
12.5 The Divine Name in Muslim Worship	249	(6)
12.5a The Name in Worship	249	(6)
PART V ETHICS	255	(50)
Chapter 13 In Judaism	255	(11)
13.1 The Nature of the Moral Struggle	255	(3)
13.1a Eight Chapters	255	(1)
13.1b The Beginning of Wisdom	256	(2)
13.2 Guides to Moral Excellence	258	(5)
13.2a Rabbi Joseph Karo, Maggid Mesharim	258	(1)
13.2b The Holy Letter	259	(1)
13.2c Tanya, The Book for the Intermediates	260	(1)
13.2d Musar Letter	261	(1)
13.2e The Tree Bearing Fruit	262	(1)
13.3 Moral Struggle Beyond the Halakhic Framework	263	(3)
13.3a Buber to Rosenzweig, June 24, 1924	263	(1)
13.3b Buber to Rosenzweig, July 13, 1924	263	(1)
13.3c Liberal Judaism	264	(2)
Chapter 14 In Christianity	266	(20)
14.1 Faith, Works, and the World in Early Christian History	266	(8)
14.1a Paul's Letters, Romans 12-13	266	(2)
14.1b I Corinthians 5:9-5:13; 6:9-6:20; 7:1-7:16; 7:25-7:30; 13:1-13:13	268	(2)
14.1c Ephesians 4:1-4:6; 4:17-5:20; 6:10-6:20	270	(2)
14.1d The Letter of James 1:1-1:4; 1:13-24; 2:14-2:25; 5:1-5:10	272	(2)
14.2 Christians Versus "The World"	274	(2)
14.2a Ignatius of Antioch, Letter to the Romans	275	(1)
14.3 Christians Versus Popular Culture	276	(2)
14.3a Tertullian, On Pagan Shows	276	(2)
14.4 Salvation by Faith Alone	278	(2)
14.4a Martin Luther, Letter to Jerome Weller	278	(2)
14.5 Social Justice and Christian Ethics	280	(6)
14.5a Liberation Praxis and Christian Faith	280	(6)
Chapter 15 In Islam	286	(19)
15.1 Introduction	286	(12)
15.1a Fazlur Rahman, Law and Ethics in Islam	287	(11)
15.2 A Practical Guide to What Is Lawful and What Is Prohibited in Islam	298	(7)
15.2a The Lawful and the Prohibited in Islam	298	(7)
PART VI RELIGION AND POLITICAL ORDER	305
Chapter 16 In Judaism	305	(23)
16.1 Jewish Ethnic Autonomy in Late Antiquity	305	(4)
16.1a Origen, Letter to Africanus	305	(1)
16.1b Horayot, 13b	306	(1)
16.1c Bava Kamma, 58b	307	(1)
16.1d Gittin, 67b	308	(1)
16.1e Seder Olam Zuta	309	(1)
16.2 Jewish Autonomy Under Christendom and Islam	309	(8)
16.2a Novellae, no. 146	310	(1)
16.2b La Siete Partidas, Parts II, IV	311	(1)
16.2c Charter of the Jews of the Duchy of Austria	311	(1)
16.2d Gesta Philippi Augusti	312	(1)
16.2e Responsum, #177	313	(1)
16.2f Kitab al Kharaj	314	(1)
16.2g Ta'rikh al-Rusul wa'l-Muluk	314	(1)
16.2h Seder Olam Zuta	315	(2)
16.2i Otzar Hageonim, Bava Kamma, #182	317	(1)
16.3 The Jews and the Modern State	317	(6)
16.3a Count of Clermont-Tonnerre, Speech to the French National Assembly, 1789	317	(1)
16.3b Resolution of the French National Assembly, 1791	318	(1)
16.3c Proclamation of the Grand Sanhedrin	319	(1)
16.3d Karl Eugen Duehring, The Jewish Question as a Racial, Moral and Cultural Question	320	(1)
16.3e The Jewish State	320	(1)
16.3f Our Tasks Ahead	321	(2)
16.3g David ben Gurion, "The Imperatives of the Jewish Revolution"	322	(1)
16.4 The Holocaust, Israel, and Contemporary Jewry	323	(5)
16.4a Stranger at Home	323	(2)
16.4b Ann Roiphe, "What Being Jewish Means to Me"	325	(1)
16.4c Charles Liebman, "Attitudes Toward Jewish-Gentile Relations in the Jewish Tradition and Contemporary Israel"	326	(2)
Chapter 17 In Christianity	328	(29)
17.1 The Two Realms	328	(9)
17.1a Matthew 10:1, 5, 7-10, 17-39	328	(2)
17.1b The Gospel of Luke 20:20-20.26	330	(1)
17.1c The Gospel of Saint John 18:28-19:22	330	(2)
17.1d Paul's Letter to the Romans 12:14-13:7	332	(1)
17.1e Augustine of Hippo, The Two Cities	333	(4)
17.2 God and Caesar in the Reformation	337	(6)
17.2a Martin Luther, "Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed"	337	(6)
17.3 The Christian Millennial Kingdom	343	(4)
17.3a Samuel Hopkins, "The Millennial State, Particularly Described"	343	(4)
17.4 Civil Disobedience	347	(10)
17.4a Martin Luther King, Jr., "Love, Law, and Civil Disobedience"	348	(9)
Chapter 18 In Islam	357
18.1 Sayyid Qutb and "Jahiliyyah"	357	(4)
18.1a Sayyid Qutb, "Introduction"	357	(4)
18.2 The Shari`a and Today's World	361	(6)
18.2a Sayyed Hossein Nasr, "The Shari`a and Changing Historical Conditions"	362	(5)
18.3 Muslim Women's Struggle for Independence	367
18.3a Bouthaina Shaaban, "A Syrian Muslim Woman Speaks Her Mind"	368