Resource Selection by Animals

by Manly, Bryan F. J.

• ISBN13: 9781402006777
• ISBN10: 1402006772
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-08-01
• Publisher: Kluwer Academic Pub

Summary

The current literature on resource selection by animals is a maze of methodologies for data collection and interpretation. Field biologists need a guide through the labyrinth. This book provides such a guide. It gives a clear and consistent framework for the study of how animals select their resources (food and habitat) by taking the reader through different types of study design. It is an invaluable handbook for the field biologist, especially those concerned with the management and conservation of wildlife. The authors have clearly identified the need to pull together the diffuse literature, and biologists will greatly improve their experimental design, methodology, and analysis with this book. The second edition of this popular book has been updated to include many developments in the last few years. There is new material on discrete choice models, the analysis of data from geographical information systems, compositional analysis, Mahalanobis distance methods, and neural networks and related approaches. Resource Selection by Animals: is an invaluable guide for field biologists; provides a consistent framework for study of resource selection (food and habitat) by animals; is a unique guide, and is the only book which covers this critical topic in such depth; and is particularly useful to wildlife managers and conservation biologists.

Author Biography

Bryan F.J. Manly: Western EcoSystems Technology Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, U.S.A. Lyman L. McDonald: Western EcoSystems Technology Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, U.S.A. Dana L. Thomas: Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, U.S.A. Trent L. McDonald: Western EcoSystems Technology Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, U.S.A. Wallace P. Erickson: Western EcoSystems Technology Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, U.S.A.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. ix
List of Symbols	p. xi
Introduction to Resource Selection Studies	p. 1
Motivation and Definitions	p. 1
The Data for Resource Selection Studies	p. 3
Sampling Protocols and Study Designs	p. 4
Comparison of Designs	p. 8
Indices of Selection	p. 9
Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals	p. 11
Discussion	p. 14
Chapter Summary	p. 15
Statistical Modelling Procedures	p. 16
Simple Sample Comparisons	p. 16
Linear Regression	p. 17
Logistic Regression	p. 17
Log-Linear Models	p. 18
Proportional Hazards Models	p. 18
Generalized Linear Models	p. 19
Tests Used in Modelling	p. 20
Model Selection Using AIC	p. 21
Analysis of Residuals	p. 22
Multiple tests and confidence intervals	p. 22
Bootstrap Methods	p. 23
Chapter Summary	p. 24
Examples of the Use of Resource Selection Functions	p. 27
Introduction	p. 27
Examples	p. 28
Sample Designs	p. 42
Assumptions	p. 43
Chapter Summary	p. 44
Studies with Resources Defined by Several Categories	p. 46
Introduction	p. 46
Sampling Designs and Protocols	p. 46
Choice of Estimators for Selection Ratios	p. 47
Variance of a Ratio and the Difference of Ratios	p. 48
Chi-Squared Tests	p. 49
Design I with Known Proportions of Available Resource Units	p. 50
Tests on Proportions of Used Units	p. 52
Inferences Concerning Selection Ratios	p. 55
Comparison of Selection Ratios	p. 57
Design I with Estimated Proportions of Available Resource Units	p. 59
Design II with Sampling Protocol A	p. 64
Census of Available Resource Units	p. 65
Sample of Available Resource Units	p. 72
Design III with Sampling Protocol A	p. 76
Census of Available Resource Units	p. 76
Sample of Available Resource Units	p. 78
Discussion	p. 78
Chapter Summary	p. 80
Exercise	p. 81
Resource Selection Functions from Logistic Regression	p. 83
Census Data	p. 83
Use With a Random Sample of Resource Units	p. 84
Separate Sampling	p. 99
Separate Samples of Available and Used Units	p. 99
Separate Samples of Available and Unused Units	p. 102
Separate Samples of Used and Unused Units	p. 103
Variances for Estimators and Their Differences	p. 106
Discussion	p. 109
Chapter Summary	p. 110
Exercises	p. 110
Resource Selection Over Several Time Periods	p. 118
Census Data	p. 118
Sample Data	p. 123
Small Proportions of Used Resource Units Sampled	p. 127
Samples of Unused Resource Units Only	p. 132
Chapter Summary	p. 135
Exercises	p. 135
Log-linear Modelling	p. 139
General Log-linear Modelling of Count Data	p. 139
Examples	p. 140
Chapter Summary	p. 148
Exercise	p. 149
Discrete Choice Models with Changing Availability	p. 150
The Theory of Discrete Choice Models	p. 150
Two Units Per Choice Set	p. 152
Examples	p. 153
Availability Sampled	p. 161
Chapter Summary	p. 162
Exercises	p. 162
Applications Using Geographic Information Systems	p. 164
Defining Use and Availability	p. 164
Variable and Model Selection	p. 165
Mapping of Resource Selection Functions	p. 165
Examples	p. 165
Chapter Summary	p. 170
Discriminant Function Analysis	p. 171
Linear Discriminant Function Analysis	p. 171
Samples of Available and Used Resource Units	p. 173
Samples of Available and Unused Resource Units	p. 173
Samples of Unused and Used Resource Units	p. 174
Quadratic Discriminant Function Analysis	p. 177
Discussion	p. 177
Chapter Summary	p. 177
Exercise	p. 178
Analysis of the Amount of Use	p. 179
Introduction	p. 179
Analysis of Counts of the Amount of Use	p. 179
Analysis of Continuous Measures of the Amount of Use	p. 187
Mixtures of Zeros and Positive Measures of the Amount of Use	p. 189
Chapter Summary	p. 190
Estimation of a Modified Log-Linear Model	p. 190
Some Other Types of Analysis	p. 192
Compositional Analysis	p. 192
Mahalanobis Distance	p. 195
Estimation Using Machine Learning Methods	p. 197
Chapter Summary	p. 199
Risk Assessment and Population Size Estimation	p. 200
Risk Assessment	p. 200
Estimating Population Size	p. 203
Chapter Summary	p. 204
Computing	p. 205
General Considerations	p. 205
Logistic Regression Example Code	p. 205
Log-linear Model Example Code	p. 207
Discrete Choice Model Example Code	p. 208
Chapter Summary	p. 209
References	p. 210
Name Index	p. 217
Subject Index	p. 220
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