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Summary
This thematically arranged anthology incorporates poetry, drama, fiction, and the essay. Four introductory chapters illustrate ways of responding to and writing about literature, with numerous examples of student writing. Eight thematic chapters follow, with a balance of new and traditional voices, including less frequently anthologized selections from canonical writers as well as many works by women, minorities, and writers from other countries. A final chapter presents three poets for in-depth study: Emily Dickinson, Robert Frost, and Gwendolyn Brooks.
Table of Contents
* indicates material new to this edition
CHAPTER 1. Why Read Literature?
Why Do You Read Literature?
Why Do We Read Literature?
Bridging the Gap
Responding to What You Read
ROBERT FROST, The Road Not Taken
Sample Student Response to “The Road Not Taken”
Commentary
Critical Thinking: Considering Evidence to Support Your Response
Close Active Reading
Sample Oral Response to “The Road Not Taken”
Commentary
Keeping a Reading Journal
Guidelines: Keeping a Reading Journal
CHAPTER 2. Joining the Conversation: Ways of Talking about Literature
PATRICIA GRACE, Butterflies (short story)
Responding to “Butterflies”
LANGSTON HUGHES, Theme for English B (poem)
Responding to “Theme for English B”
WENDY WASSERSTEIN, The Man in a Case (play)
Responding to The Man in a Case
E. B. WHITE, Education (essay)
Responding to “Education”
The Vocabulary of Literature
Actions and Events
Plot
Structure
Conflict
Irony of Situation
People
Characters: Listening and Observing
Characters: Growing and Changing
Characters: Point of View
Places and Times
Time and Place: The Cultures of the Work, the Writer, and the Reader
Words and Images, Sounds and Patterns
Style
Tone
Diction
Syntax
Rhythm and Rhyme
Figurative Language
Verbal Irony
Allusions
Ideas
CHAPTER 3. Continuing the Conversation: Considering Genre and
Listening to Other Voices
Expectations: Short Fiction, Poetry, Drama, Nonfiction
Distinctions: Short Fiction and Drama
Distinctions: Poetry
MARGARET ATWOOD, you fit into me
Distinctions: Nonfiction
An Introduction to Short Fiction
Early Forms of Fiction
Modern Short Fiction
Guidelines: Short Fiction
An Introduction to Poetry
Suggestions for Reading Poetry
Types of Poetry
Guidelines: Poetry
An Introduction to Drama
Suggestions for Reading Drama
Traditional Forms of Drama
Modern Forms of Drama
Types of Drama
Guidelines: Drama
An Introduction to Nonfiction
Suggestions for Reading Speeches
Suggestions for Reading Letters
Suggestions for Reading Documents
Suggestions for Reading Journals and Diaries
Suggestions for Reading Essays
Guidelines: Nonfiction
Considering Other Voices
Authors’ Commentaries and Interviews
Reviews
Scholarly Criticism
CHAPTER 4. Writing About Literature
Writing and Critical Thinking
DYLAN THOMAS, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night
Responding to “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night”
JOAN ALESHIRE, Slipping
Responding to “Slipping”
Preparing to Write About Literature
Understanding the Assignment
Thinking about the Assignment
Assignment Topics
Writing to Respond
Discovering Ideas: Journal Entries
Considering Audience
Narrowing the Topic
Devising a Preliminary Thesis Statement
Planning and Organizing
Drafting
“Changes,” KAREN ANGSTROM (draft student paper)
Revising Focus: Titles, Openings, Conclusions
Karen Angstrom’s Revision List
Editing Focus: “To Be,” Expletives, Passive Voice
Karen Angstrom’s Editing List
Proofreading Focus: Fragments and Comma Splices
Final Copy: Writing to Respond
“Changes: For Better or Worse?” KAREN ANGSTROM (Student Paper)
Guidelines: Writing a Response
Writing to Compare
Discovering Ideas: Discussion and Collaboration
Considering Audience, Narrowing the Topic, and Devising a Preliminary Thesis
Drafting
“Responses: Raging Versus Slipping,” WALTER JOHNSON (draft student paper)