RFID Systems : Research Trends and Challenges

by Editor: Miodrag Bolic (University of Ottawa ); Co-Editor: David Simplot-Ryl (Centre de recherche INRIA Lille); Co-Editor: Ivan Stojmenovic (University of Ottawa)

• ISBN13: 9780470665275
• ISBN10: 0470665270
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2010-07-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

This book provides an insight into the ls"hotrs" field of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) SystemsIn this book, the authors provide an insight into the field of RFID systems with an emphasis on networking aspects and research challenges related to passive Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID systems. The book reviews various algorithms, protocols and design solutions that have been developed within the area, including most recent advances. In addition, authors cover a wide range of recognized problems in RFID industry, striking a balance between theoretical and practical coverage. Limitations of the technology and state-of-the-art solutions are identified and new research opportunities are addressed. Finally, the book is authored by experts and respected researchers in the field and every chapter is peer reviewed. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive analysis of networking aspects of RFID systems, including tag identification protocols and reader anti-collision algorithms Covers in detail major research problems of passive UHF systems such as improving reading accuracy, reading range and throughput Analyzes other "hot topics" including localization of passive RFID tags, energy harvesting, simulator and emulator design, security and privacy Discusses design of tag antennas, tag and reader circuits for passive UHF RFID systems Presents EPCGlobal architecture framework, middleware and protocols Includes an accompanying website with PowerPoint slides and solutions to the problems (http://www.wiley.com/go/bolic-rfid) This book will be an invaluable guide for researchers and graduate students in electrical engineering and computer science, and researchers and developers in telecommunication industry.

Table of Contents

About the Editors

Preface

Acknowledgements

Components of Rfid Systems and Performance Metrics

Performance of Passive UHF RFID Systems in Practice

Introduction

Ideal RFID System

Practical RFID Systems

Overview of the Book

Conclusion

References

Performance Metrics and Operational Parameters of RFID Systems

Overview

Key Operational Parameters

Classification of Commercially Available Products

Conclusion

Problems

References

UHF RFID Antennas

Dipoles and Relatives

T-Match and Relatives

Putting it Together: Building an RFID Tag

The Environment

Conclusions, Trends, and Challenges

RFID Tag Chip Design

Tag Architecture Systems

Memory in Standard CMOS Processes

Baseband of RFID Tag

RFID Tag Performance Optimization

Conclusion

Design of Passive Tag RFID Readers

Overview

Basics of Passive RFID Operation

Passive RFID Reader Designs

Advanced Topics on RFID Reader Design

Conclusion

RFID Middleware: Concepts and Architecture

Introduction

Overview of an RFID Middleware Architecture

Readers Management

Data Management and Application-Level Events

Store and Share Data

Example

Conclusion

Tag Identification Protocols

Aloha-Based Protocols

Pure Aloha

Slotted Aloha

Framed Slotted Aloha

Conclusion

Tree-Based Anti-Collision Protocols for RFID Tags

Introduction

Principles of Tree-Based Anti-Collision Protocols

Tree Protocols in the Existing RFID Specifications

Practical Issues and Transmission Errors

Cooperative Readers and Generalized Arbitration Spaces

Conclusion

A Comparison of TTF and RTF UHF RFID Protocols

Introduction

Requirements for RFID Protocols

Different Approaches Used in UHF Protocols

Description of Stochastic TTF Protocols

Comparison between ISO18000-6C and TTF Protocols

Conclusion

Reader Infrastructure Networking

Integrating RFID Readers in Enterprise IT

Related Work

RFID System Services

Reader Capabilities

RFID System Architecture Taxonomy

EPCglobal Standards

Adoption of High-Level Reader Protocols

Potential Future Standardization Activities

Conclusion

Reducing Interference in RFID Reader Networks

Introduction

Interference Problem in RFID Reader Networks

Access Mechanism, Regulations, Standards and Algorithms

Comparison

Conclusion

Optimal Tag Coverage and Tag Report Elimination

Introduction

Overview of RFID Systems

Tree Walking: An Algorithm for Detecting Tags in the Presence of Collisions

Reader Collision Avoidance

Coverage Redundancy in RFID Systems: Comparison with Sensor Networks

Network Model

Optimal Tag Coverage and Tag Reporting

Redundant Reader Elimination Algorithms: A Centralized Heuristic

RRE: A Distributed Solution

Adapting to Topological Changes

The Layered Elimination Optimization (LEO)

Related Work

Conclusion

Delay/Disruption-Tolerant Mobile RFID Networks: Challenges and Opportunities

Motivation

Overview of FINDERS

General Feasibility Study

Unique Challenges and Tactics

Related Work

Conclusion

Addressing Other Challenges in Rfid Systems

Improving Read Ranges and Read Rates for Passive RFID Systems

Introduction

Signal Descriptions and Formulations for Passive Backscatter RFID Systems

Improving the Read Range of a Passive RFID System

Improving the Read Rate of a Passive RFID System

Two Design Examples for RFID System

Conclusion

Principles and Techniques of RFID Positioning

Introduction

Tag Range Estimation Techniques

DOA Estimation Techniques

RFID Positioning Techniques

Improving Positioning Accuracy

Conclusion

Towards Secure and Privacy-Enhanced RFID Systems

Introduction

Security and Privacy

Classification of RFID Systems

Attacks on RFID Systems and Appropriate Countermeasures

Lightweight Cryptography for RFID

Conclusion

Cryptographic Approaches for Improving Security and Privacy Issues of RFID Systems

Introduction

Threats against the RFID System

Required Properties

Cryptographic Protocols for Identification with Privacy

Cryptographic Protocols for Authentication without Privacy

Cryptographic Protocols for Privacy and Other Requirements

Implementation

Real Systems and Attacks

Conclusion

Novel RFID Technologies: Energy Harvesting for Self-Powered Autonomous RFID Systems

Introduction

Novel Low Power Architectures

Energy Harvesting Optimized for RFID

Future Trends in Energy Harvesting

Conclusion

Simulators and Emulators for Different Abstraction Layers of UHF RFID Systems

Introduction

The Simulation/Emulation Platforms

UHF RFID Simulation Platform

Real-Time HIL-Verification and Emulation Platform

Higher Class Tag Architecture Based on Energy Harvesting

Conclusion

Problems

References

Index

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