Rheology for Chemists

by Goodwin, Jim W.; Hughes, Roy W.

• ISBN13: 9780854046164
• ISBN10: 085404616X
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-07-01
• Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry

Summary

(Royal Society of Chemists) Description for chemists of how molecules and atoms interact to control the handling properties of materials ranging from simple ionic crystals through the most complex polymers. This text focuses on theory of rheology, with very little mathematics. Softcover.

Table of Contents

Introduction	1	(15)
Definitions	2	(3)
Stress and Strain	2	(2)
Rate of Strain and Flow	4	(1)
Simple Constitutive Equations	5	(2)
Linear and Non-linear Behaviour	5	(1)
Using Constitutive Equations	6	(1)
Dimensionless Groups	7	(6)
The Deborah Number	8	(1)
The Peclet Number	9	(1)
The Reduced Stress	10	(1)
The Taylor Number	11	(1)
The Reynolds Number	12	(1)
Macromolecular and Colloidal Systems	13	(1)
References	14	(1)
Elasticity: High Deborah Number Measurements	15	(46)
Introduction	15	(2)
The Liquid-Solid Transition	17	(7)
Bulk Elasticity	19	(2)
Wave Propagation	21	(3)
Crystalline Solids at Large Strains	24	(4)
Lattice Defects	25	(3)
Macromolecular Solids	28	(21)
Polymers -- An Introduction	28	(1)
Chain Conformation	29	(5)
Polymer Crystallinity	34	(4)
Crosslinked Elastomers	38	(1)
Self-associating Polymers	39	(5)
Non-interactive Fillers	44	(3)
Interactive Fillers	47	(1)
Summary of Polymeric Systems	47	(2)
Colloidal Gels	49	(10)
Interactions Between Colloidal Particles	49	(1)
London-van der Waals' Interactions	50	(1)
Depletion Interactions	51	(1)
Electrostatic Repulsion	52	(2)
Steric Repulsion	54	(2)
Electrosteric Interactions	56	(3)
References	59	(2)
Viscosity: Low Deborah Number Measurements	61	(37)
Initial Considerations	61	(3)
Viscometric Measurement	64	(6)
The Cone and Plate	65	(1)
The Couette or Concentric Cylinder	66	(4)
The Molecular Origins of Viscosity	70	(9)
The Flow of Gases	71	(1)
The Flow of Liquids	71	(1)
Density and Phase Changes	72	(4)
Free Volume Model of Liquid Flow	76	(2)
Activation Energy Models	78	(1)
Superfluids	79	(1)
Macromolecular Fluids	80	(17)
Colloidal Dispersions	80	(1)
Dilute Dispersions of Spheres	81	(3)
Concentrated Dispersions of Spheres	84	(5)
Charge Stabilised Dispersions	89	(8)
References	97	(1)
Linear Viscoelasticity I. Phenomenological Approach	98	(48)
Viscoelasticity	98	(1)
Length and Timescales	99	(1)
Mechanical Spectroscopy	100	(1)
Linear Viscoelasticity	101	(19)
Mechanical Analogues	102	(2)
Relaxation Derived as an Analogue to First-Order Chemical Kinetics	104	(3)
Oscillation Response	107	(5)
Multiple Processes	112	(4)
A Spectral Approach To Linear Viscoelastic Theory	116	(4)
Linear Viscoelastic Experiments	120	(12)
Relaxation	121	(3)
Stress Growth	124	(1)
Anti-thixotropic Response	125	(1)
Creep and Recovery	126	(3)
Strain Oscillation	129	(2)
Stress Oscillation	131	(1)
Interrelationships Between the Measurements and the Spectra	132	(5)
The Relationship Between Compliance and Modulus	133	(2)
Retardation and Relaxation Spectrum	135	(1)
The Relaxation Function and the Storage and Loss Moduli	136	(1)
Creep and Relaxation Interrelations	137	(1)
Applications to the Models	137	(3)
Microstructural Influences on the Kernel	140	(4)
The Extended Exponential	141	(1)
Power law or the Gel Equation	142	(1)
Exact Inversions from the Relaxation or Retardation Spectrum	143	(1)
Non-shearing Fields and Extension	144	(1)
References	145	(1)
Linear Viscoelasticity II. Microstructural Approach	146	(67)
Intermediate Deborah Numbers De ≈ 1	146	(1)
Hard Spheres and Atomic Fluids	147	(2)
Quasi-hard Sphere Dispersions	149	(10)
Quasi-hard Sphere Phase Diagrams	150	(5)
Quasi-hard Sphere Viscoelasticity and Viscosity	155	(4)
Weakly Attractive Systems	159	(9)
Charge Repulsion Systems	168	(11)
Simple Homopolymer Systems	179	(23)
Phase Behaviour and the Chain Overlap in Good Solvents	180	(7)
Dilute Solution Polymers	187	(4)
Undiluted and Concentrated Non-entangled Polymers	191	(2)
Entanglement Coupling	193	(2)
Reptation and Linear Viscoelasticity	195	(7)
Polymer Network Structure	202	(9)
The Formation of Gels	202	(2)
Chemical Networks	204	(3)
Physical Networks	207	(4)
References	211	(2)
Non-linear Responses	213	(73)
Introduction	213	(1)
The Phenomenological Approach	214	(15)
Flow Curves: Definitions and Equations	214	(4)
Time Dependence in Flow and the Boltzmann Superposition Principle	218	(7)
Yield Stress Sedimentation and Linearity	225	(4)
The Microstructural Approach - Particles	229	(30)
Flow in Hard Sphere Systems	230	(3)
The Addition of a Surface Layer	233	(1)
Aggregation and Dispersion in Shear	234	(3)
Weakly Flocculated Dispersions	237	(7)
Strongly Aggregated and Coagulated Systems	244	(6)
Long-range Repulsive Systems	250	(4)
Rod-like Particles	254	(5)
The Microstructural Approach - Polymers	259	(13)
The Role of Entanglements in Non-linear Viscoelasticity	260	(3)
Entanglement of Solution Homopolymers	263	(2)
The Reptation Approach	265	(7)
Novel Applications	272	(12)
Extension and Complex Flows	272	(4)
Uniaxial Compression Modulus	276	(3)
Deformable Particles	279	(5)
References	284	(2)
Subject Index	286